Minimal Anesthetic Concentration and Cardiopulmonary Dose-Response of Halothane in Ducks

The minimal anesthetic concentration (MAC) for halothane and cardiopulmonary dose-responses at several concentrations of halothane were determined during spontaneous ventilation in nine young adult Pekin ducks. The MAC for halothane was 1.04 +/- 0.11 (mean +/- SD). There were dose-dependent decreases in ventilation, significant reductions in inspiratory and expiratory times, and prolongation of expiratory pause times. The end-tidal halothane concentration at apnea in five ducks was less than 1.53% and anesthetic index was less than 1.51. Heart rate increased significantly as the concentration of halothane was increased, but arterial blood pressure did not change. Cardiac arrhythmias developed in five ducks at end-tidal halothane concentrations as low as 1.15%, and one duck died of cardiac arrest.     

Comparisons of Sevoflurane, Isoflurane, and Halothane Anesthesia in Spontaneously Breathing Cats

The clinical effects of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and halothane anesthesia with or without nitrous oxide, were compared in healthy, premedicated cats breathing spontaneously during 90 minutes of anesthesia. The effect of nitrous oxide in accelerating the induction of and recovery from anesthesia was more evident for halothane than for sevoflurane or isoflurane. The cats recovered more rapidly from sevoflurane-oxygen than from either halothane- or isoflurane-oxygen. Heart rates did not significantly change during anesthesia with any of the anesthetics. Arterial blood pressures during sevoflurane-oxygen anesthesia were somewhat higher than those with either isoflurane- or halothane-oxygen. There were no significant differences in arterial blood pressures among sevoflurane, isoflurane, and halothane anesthesia when combined with nitrous oxide. The respiration rate during sevoflurane-oxygen was similar to that during halothane-oxygen. There were no significant differences in respiration rate among sevoflurane, isoflurane, and halothane anesthesia when combined with nitrous oxide. The degree of hypercapnia and acidosis during sevoflurane anesthesia was similar to that observed during isoflurane anesthesia and less than during halothane anesthesia. The three anesthetic regimens, with or without nitrous oxide, induced a similar degree of hyperglycemia and hemodilution during anesthesia. Serum biochemical examination did not reveal any hepatic or renal injuries after each anesthesia.     

Minimal Anesthetic Concentration and Cardiopulmonary Dose Response of Isoflurane in Ducks

The minimal anesthetic concentration (MAC) for isoflurane was determined during spontaneous ventilation in nine male Peking ducks (7 to 12 weeks of age; 3.0 +/- 0.4 kg). While each bird was awake, arterial blood was collected for analysis of pH, PaCO2, and PaO2. After anesthesia was induced with isoflurane in oxygen, MAC was determined for isoflurane in each bird during spontaneous ventilation in a manner similar to MAC determinations in mammals. Pulmonary dose-response data were collected at 1 MAC and 1.5 MAC. Anesthetic index (Al; an index of anesthetic-induced apnea) was calculated from ducks that became apneic. The MAC for isoflurane was 1.30 +/- 0.23% (mean +/- SD). There was a dose-dependent decrease in ventilation as evidenced by a statistically significant increase in PaCO2. Apnea or unacceptable hypercarbia (PaCO2 greater than 110 mm Hg), or both, were common occurrences at end-tidal isoflurane concentrations greater than 1.5 MAC. Anesthetic index calculated from four ducks was 1.65 +/- 0.13 (mean +/- SEM). There was no significant difference between the means of either heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure in birds at 1.0 and 1.5 MAC.     

阿法沙龙与异氟烷静吸复合麻醉对犬麻醉效果的影响

旨在探讨使用不同剂量阿法沙龙和异氟烷静吸复合麻醉(IVIA)对犬麻醉效果的比较.对18只试验犬随机编号后分为L(1～6号)、M(7～12号)、H(13～18号)3组,分别使用阿法沙龙3、6、9 mg·(kg·h)-1静脉恒速滴注(CRI)配合0.5％异氟烷的维持麻醉方案,观察并记录诱导麻醉前1h(T0)、维持麻醉期间(...     

七氟醚氟烷异氟醚对犬心脏功能影响的临床比较

为评价七氟醚对心脏功能的影响。并与氟烷和异氟醚作比较，对动物医院就诊、心肺功能正常、拟作手术治疗的8例患犬进行麻醉试验，所有犬均以l-美散痛和安定和为麻醉前给药，分别以1.5%七氟醚、1.0%七氟醚与66.7%笑气、1.0%氟烷、1.5%异氟醚维持手术麻醉，并作人工呼吸，各组均未观察到心律异常，手术麻醉期间，七氟醚组犬心率降幅（4.73%）低于异氟醚组（9.74%)或氟烷组（10.23%)。七氟醚组、氟烷组和异氟醚组的收缩压/舒张压轻度升高（七氟醚3.38%/11.93%氟烷6.09%/9.09%，异氟醚4.82%/6.25%)。而七氟醚与笑气组的收缩压/舒张压则降低（6.84%/5.73%)。证实七氟醚应为临床首选的吸入麻醉剂。     

七氟醚、氟烷、异氟醚对犬肝肾功能影响的临床比较

为评价七氟醚对肝肾功能的影响，并与氟烷和异氟醚作比较，对动物医院就诊的心肺功能正常，拟作手术治疗的61头患犬进行麻醉试验，所有犬均以l-美散痛和安定作为麻醉前给药。分别以1．5％七氟醚、1．0％氟烷、1．5％异氟醚维持手术麻醉，所有3组中无一组可见肝肾毒性副作用。至七氟醚麻醉后48h，GLDH，AST，ALT，γ-GT，总胆红素，AP，尿素氮和肌酐显示正常。     

Effects of Halothane, Enflurane, and Isoflurane on Supraventricular and Ventricular Rate in Dogs With Complete Atrioventricular Block

Complete atrioventricular (AV) block was produced in 32 chloralose-anesthetized autonomically intact dogs to determine the effects of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on supraventricular and ventricular rate. Halothane (n = 17), enflurane (n = 6), and isoflurane (n = 9) were administered in three separate experiments in sequential minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) multiples of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 1.5, and 1.0. Supraventricular rate, ventricular rate, and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were measured and recorded at baseline and after a 20-minute equilibration period of each inhalation anesthetic at each MAC multiple. Increasing concentrations of enflurane and isoflurane significantly decreased supraventricular rate ( P < .05). Ventricular rate was not significantly changed by sequential MAC multiples of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane. Increasing concentrations of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane significantly decreased MAP with enflurane producing the most significant decrease ( P < .05). Ventricular arrhythmias occurred in 5 of 17 dogs anesthetized with halothane and 1 of 9 dogs anesthetized with isoflurane. Inhalation anesthesia can significantly decrease supraventricular rate and MAP, does not alter ventricular rate, and can produce ventricular arrhythmias in dogs with complete AV block.     

猪氟烷及其标记基因的研究动态

本文就影响猪肉质的氟烷及其标记基因的测定方法、取得成绩、最新研究动态作了简要介绍,并提出对其开发利用的建议.     

猪氟烷基因型的PCR检测及杂合子氟烷阳性猪的发现

对１４７头猪进行了氟烷测验,测得氟烷阳性猪３头,阳性率为２．０４％。运用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ分析法对氟烷阳性猪及其同胞进行了基因型检测,结果４头被测猪中有２头为隐性纯合子,２头为杂合子。结合氟烷测验结果,２头隐性纯合子表现为氟烷阳性,符合一般规律;而２头杂合子中发现１头为氟烷阳性,此前尚未见报道,这一结果证明了氟烷表现与基因型并非完全对应     

巴马小型猪在达芬奇机器人手术系统中的麻醉管理

为探讨巴马小型猪在达芬奇机器人微创手术中的麻醉管理策略,以丙泊酚麻醉作诱导,异氟醚维持麻醉的复合麻醉方法对巴马小型猪进行全身麻醉,同时用达芬奇机器人对其分别进行心脏、肺脏、肝脏和胃的微创手术,于术前、术中及术后监测巴马小型猪动脉血气和血流动力学变化。结果各组试验猪均顺利完成手术,手术平均时间(166±34)min,麻醉时间(181±38)min,气胸(气腹)时间(122±33)min,在整个麻醉过程及苏醒过程中,各组试验猪安全平稳,未出现体动表现。由此可见,该麻醉方法可用于达芬奇机器人手术系统,且为人医临床应用中的麻醉管理奠定基础。     

Anesthetic management of a horse with traumatic pneumothorax

A traumatic pneumothorax and severe hemorrhage were present in a mare with a large thoracic wall defect, lung perforation, and multiple rib fractures. General anesthesia was induced to allow surgical exploration. We describe the anesthetic technique, and discuss the management of the ventilatory, hemodynamic, and metabolic disturbances encountered.     

自微乳化释药系统的研究进展

本文综述了自微乳化释药系统的国内外研究进展,对该系统的组成与特点、促吸收机理和国内外实际应用进行了总结,提出了自微乳研究中存在的问题,并对应用前景进行了展望。     

嘉兴黑猪氟烷基因频率检测

随机采集嘉兴地区部分种猪场嘉兴黑猪血样31例,通过PCR-RFLP技术进行氟烷基因检测。结果表明：31例嘉兴黑猪基因型均为Halnn（氟烷阴性纯合子）,未出现Nn和nn型基因。检测结果表明嘉兴黑猪氟烷基因型较少,未发生胞嘧啶到胸嘧啶的突变,从而为嘉兴黑猪品种资源保护及合理开发利用提供了理论依据。     

Influence of transport stress on serum cortisol and thyroid hormones in pigs with Halothane gene

The influence of transport stress on rectal temperature, respiratory rate and serum concentrations of cortisol, thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T3) in normal pigs (NN) and in heterozygous (Nn) pigs with Halothane gene (n), a major gene that causes the pale, soft, exudative meat (PSE), were examined in a hot environment (32–34°C). Easily releasable myofilament content of Longissimus dorsi taken by needle biopsy was also measured as an index of myofibrillar disassembly. Rectal temperature and respiratory rate were significantly increased by the transport. However, the influence was higher (P < 0.01) in Nn pigs. Serum concentration of cortisol was increased (P < 0.01) by the transport despite the genotypes. Serum concentration of T3 was not changed by the transport in Nn pigs, whereas in NN pigs it was significantly decreased after the transport (P < 0.01). Easily releasable myofilament content after the transport was higher in Nn pigs than that of NN pigs (P < 0.05). These results suggest that response of thyroid function might relate to the stimulation of muscle proteolysis and PSE in Nn pigs under stressful conditions.