生物有机肥对黄州萝卜主要经济性状和效益的影响

为了验证生物有机肥对蔬菜作物生长的促进作用与增产效应,以黄州萝卜为试验材料,探究不同生物有机肥对黄州萝卜产量及品质等方面的影响,设置3个施肥处理:每667 m~2分别施用200 kg生物有机肥+20 kg三元复合肥;200 kg灭活生物有机肥+20 kg三元复合肥;常规施肥(每667 m~2施200 kg饼肥+20 kg三元复合肥)以及空白对照。结果表明:每667 m~2施200 kg生物有机肥+20 kg三元复合肥处理的萝卜667 m~2产量最高,为2 921.5 kg;在品质方面,萝卜含粗纤维7 g/kg,可溶性糖42 g/kg,水分92.6%;综合667 m~2效益最优,达到4 567.3元,产投比最高,为3.5。     

安徽普济源生物有机肥在番茄生产上的应用效果试验

为验证安徽普济源农业综合开发有限公司生产的生物有机肥对番茄生长发育、产量及经济效益的影响，作者开展了相关试验。试验结果表明，基肥增施安徽普济源生物有机肥能有效促进番茄的生长发育、提高产量，表现为番茄长势健壮旺盛、果实大小匀称、商品性佳，番茄每667 m²产量6 823.4 kg、纯收益8 493.8元，较常规施肥处理每667 m²增收2 812.5元，产投比达9.65∶1。实际生产中，建议设施番茄的肥料施用方案为每667 m²施硫基复合肥(15-15-15)45 kg、农家肥720 kg、安徽普济源生物有机肥120 kg作基肥，每667 m²追施硝态氮复合肥(18-6-22)22.5 kg作促果肥。     

商品有机肥替代部分化肥作基肥对番茄植株性状、产量及效益的影响

为减少化肥用量，提高肥料利用率，探明商品有机肥替代部分化肥作基肥对番茄植株性状、产量及效益的影响，作者开展了温室秋茬番茄生产商品有机肥替代部分化肥的栽培试验，以明确商品有机肥替代化肥的最佳比例。试验结果表明，商品有机肥替代部分化肥作基肥对番茄的植株性状、产量有积极作用，每667 m²施三元复合肥160 kg、商品有机肥400 kg作基肥，番茄每667 m²产量为6 125 kg、收益达22 374.35元，同时减少了20%的化肥用量。     

河南地区设施羊肚菌与甜瓜高效栽培模式及效益分析

总结了2016—2022年河南地区设施羊肚菌与甜瓜高效栽培技术要点，提出了科学的整地施肥方式，详细阐述了羊肚菌与甜瓜栽培田间管理措施，并对该模式进行了效益分析。该模式每667 m²羊肚菌产量约400 kg,甜瓜产量约2 000 kg,按照近3年市场均价，每667 m²产值达5.6万元，投入生产成本1.4万元，总效益可达4.2万元。     

不同肥料对结球生菜生长发育的影响

作者以千胜205结球生菜为试验材料,开展不同底肥和叶面肥对其生长发育的影响试验,以筛选适合上海金山地区结球生菜生长的底肥和叶面肥的施用种类及用量。各底肥处理中,酵素生物有机肥处理结球生菜的叶球最大、产量和产值最高,每667 m²分别较鄂中三元复合肥(ck1)增产495.0 kg、增收1 732.6元;红四方微生物菌剂处理结球生菜的产量和产值较高,每667 m²分别较鄂中三元复合肥(ck1)增产401.6 kg、增收1 405.8元。各叶面肥处理中,沪铭有机无机复合型悬浮液体肥处理结球生菜的单球质量、产量和产值最高,每667 m²分别较红四方叶面肥(ck2)增产530.2 kg、增收1 856.0元;人元生物叶面肥处理结球生菜的产量和产值较高,每667 m²分别较红四方叶面肥(ck2)增产521.0 kg、增收1 823.5元。试验结果表明,金山区结球生菜生产可使用酵素生物有机肥和红四方微生物菌剂作底肥,建议每667 m²分别施用100 kg、60 kg;叶面肥以沪铭有机无机复合...     

不同锌肥追肥量对温室小果型西瓜产量及品质的影响

为研究锌肥在小果型西瓜上的应用效果,以温室种植小果型西瓜金彩为试验材料,设计不同用量硫酸锌肥处理（每667 m²每次分别追施0.75、1.00、1.25 kg,全生育期共追4次）,比较分析西瓜生长指标、生理指标及效益。结果表明：在本试验条件下,每667 m²每次追施硫酸锌肥0.75 kg为最佳施用量,其小果型西瓜植株茎秆粗壮,果实商品性优且产量高,与不施硫酸锌肥对照相比,株高、主蔓茎粗、边糖和心糖含量分别增加6.81%、49.84%、13.68%和11.11%,667 m²产量和纯收入分别提高10.44%和11.72%。追施锌肥投入成本低,增加收益较多,但要注意适量施肥,过量会导致产量和品质下降。     

茭白鞘叶地埋式生物反应堆对大棚草莓生长及土壤肥力的影响

为实现茭白鞘叶的无害化处理与资源化利用,提高大棚草莓的产量、品质和土壤有机质含量,特开展本试验。试验结果表明,BR2(每667 m²埋施2000 kg茭白鞘叶)处理草莓产量达到2658.7 kg/667 m²,比对照常规处理增产31.02%;可溶性总糖、维生素C含量和糖酸比分别比对照处理提高35.54%、25.41%和21.30%;此外,与对照相比,BR2处理日平均增温最大可达到1.29℃,CO₂通量提高1.87~2.78倍,土壤有机质含量提高0.64%。     

氰氨化钙处理酸化土壤后配施微生物菌肥对花椰菜的影响

为探索土壤酸化环境下的花椰菜高产优质生产措施,以花椰菜为试材,设置氰氨化钙、NCD-2微生物菌肥处理,以不施用肥料为对照,试验设W1(667 m²施用氰氨化钙20 kg配施菌肥2.5 kg)、W2(667 m²施用氰氨化钙40 kg配施菌肥2.5 kg)、W3(667 m²施用氰氨化钙60 kg配施菌肥2.5 kg)3个处理,研究对土壤pH值、有机质含量及花椰菜生长、产量、品质的影响。结果表明,种植花椰菜前25 d每667 m²施用氰氨化钙20～60 kg,种植时基肥中配施NCD-2微生物菌肥2.5 kg的处理,对土壤pH值、土壤有机质含量、花椰菜产量及品质均有显著提升;其中,处理W3的效果最优,土壤pH值提升0.71,土壤有机质含量提升5.90%,增加花椰菜产量15.66%,且花球的维生素C、蛋白质、可溶性糖、粗纤维含量均提高10.68%以上。在土壤酸化环境下,施用氰氨化钙后配施NCD-2微生物菌肥技术可在花椰菜生产上推广。     

提高樱桃番茄产量品质的关键栽培技术

采用土壤消毒及增施豆粕肥、冲施红糖 相结合的方式种植樱桃番茄,果实成熟后颜 色亮丽,酸甜适口,可溶性糖含量达10.4%; 每667 m² 产量6 340 kg 以上,平均售价15.6 元·kg^-1,毛收入可达98 904 元。     

生物有机肥部分替代化肥对日光温室番茄生长与光合特性及肥料利用率的影响

以番茄为试材，采用随机区组试验，设不施肥（CK1）、当地常规施肥（CK2）、100%常规施肥+生物有机肥（T1）、90%常规施肥+生物有机肥（T2）、80%常规施肥+生物有机肥（T3）、70%常规施肥+生物有机肥（T4）、60%常规施肥+生物有机肥（T5）7个处理，研究生物有机肥部分替代化肥对番茄产量和产出投入比、产品品质、植株养分分配、肥料利用率的影响，以期为日光温室番茄合理施肥与提高品质提供参考依据。结果表明：与单施化肥相比，配施生物有机肥可显著提高番茄单瓜质量和667 m²产量，同时提高了植株氮磷钾的利用率和吸收量；与100%常规施肥相比，化肥减施30%配施生物有机肥提高了番茄单瓜质量、产量、品质和氮磷钾的吸收利用率；从植株不同部位对氮磷钾的分配率来看，茎叶分配率最高，果实次之，根最少。因此，减少普通化肥30%的施用量同时每667 m²配施400 kg生物有机肥可增加番茄产量，改善产品品质，显著提高氮、磷、钾肥利用率。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.