甘肃省冷水性鲑鳟鱼类养殖现状及新品种引进注意事项

一、冷水性鲑鳟鱼类养殖现状1.养殖品种及规模二十几年来，冷水鱼主要品种是虹鳟，养殖流水池塘面积230多亩，产量800～900吨。近几年，永昌地区从虹鳟中选育出了虹鳟的变异种──金鳟，已形成较稳定的遗传性状，有望在全省大面积推广。2000年起，先后从北京等地引进银鲑、大西洋鲑、白点鲑、三文鳟等品种试养，其中银鲑已取得了较好的养殖效果，其它品种已在观察试验之中。2.养殖方式冷水性鲑鳟鱼最主要的养殖方式是流水集约化养殖，全省有各类流水池塘15300米2。水库网箱养殖是一种正在兴起的新的养殖方式，全省约有网箱养虹鳟10000米2。…     

利用大豆浓缩蛋白和鱼粉型饲料网箱养殖虹鳟对比试验

<正>一、前言2018年美国大豆出口协会与黑龙江水产技术推广总站合作开展了利用大豆浓缩蛋白和鱼粉型饲料网箱养殖虹鳟对比试验,以示范利用大豆蛋白浓缩物替代鱼粉网箱养殖虹鳟的技术可行性和经济效益。由于全球鱼粉供应有限、价格持续走高,我们对比试验的目的是为饲料生产厂和养殖企业示范使用一种新     

虹鳟河道网箱养殖试验

虹鳟属鲱形目、鲑科鱼类，原产于美国加利富尼亚州西海岸的山间溪流中，1874年移植池塘驯化成功，现已遍布美洲、欧洲、大洋洲、亚洲东部和南部等地区，已成为世界粮农组织向全世界推广的名优冷水性鱼类。中国大陆养殖虹鳟始于1959年，历经多年的试养，现已推广到黑龙江、辽宁、北京等省(市)。为了充分利用当地资源，大力发展名特优水产养殖，郴州市畜牧水产局等单位，2000年从北京顺道虹鳟养殖中心引进虹鳟1590尾，在东江下游河道进行网箱养殖试验，获得了可喜的效果。现将情况报告如下。1材料与方法1.1河道条件及网箱设置试验网箱置放于东…     

中草药复合添加剂在刘家峡水库网箱养鳟中的应用试验

为研究中草药复合添加剂“富康163”对水库网箱养殖靬金鳟和虹鳟生长效果的影响,分别设置了两个试验箱和对照箱。试验箱添加2%“富康163”,在水温13℃～20℃条件下,经42d的养殖试验,结果表明,相同含量的“富康163”对不同饲养密度的网箱养殖靬金鳟和虹鳟的增重倍数、日平均增长率、饲料系数和成活率均产生不同程度的影响,其中以放养密度高的虹鳟试验箱增产效果尤为显著。     

网箱养虹鳟的试验

1988～1989年春季,利用水库前期水温适宜的自然条件,进行了网箱养殖虹鳟食用鱼的试验,现报告如下。     

鲑鳟鱼类养殖技术之三刘家峡水库网箱养殖虹鳟技术

虹鳟属凶猛的冷水性鱼类,因少脊肩刺、肉质细嫩,味道鲜美、营养价值高、富含多种维生素和矿物质等特点,市场需求量不断增加.目前,刘家峡水库网箱养殖虹鳟规模逐渐扩大,经济效益显著.笔者现将多年来在刘家峡水库利用网箱养殖虹鳟的情况介绍如下,供大家参考.     

高原水库网箱养殖虹鳟安全度夏技术

虹鳟是一种优质、高产的冷水性鱼类,其适宜于高密度集约化养殖,但是夏季高温到来之时,在高原水库每年的7、8月份水温在23℃以上的时间总在半个月左右,高温威胁着虹鳟的生存。由于处理不当,养殖生产中出现了死鱼现象,给养殖者带来了经济损失。笔者多年来一直在刘家峡水库渔场网箱养殖虹鳟,就网箱养殖虹鳟安全度夏技术进行了研究,并取得了一些经验,现总结如下,以供养殖者参考。1虹鳟对环境的要求虹鳟隶属于硬骨鱼纲,鲑形目,鲑亚目,鲑科,鲑属。我们养殖的虹鳟是一种陆封型的虹鳟,是终     

虹鳟网箱养殖中应注意的几项技术要点

虹鳟属凶猛的冷水性鱼类,生长速度快,抗病力和适应力强,在流水池塘和网箱中均可养殖,且网箱养殖适于大规模生产,而在虹鳟网箱养殖中应注意以下几项技术要点:一、养殖水域的选择虹鳟喜在水质清澈、水流通畅、水量充足的环境里生活,喜逆流、喜高溶解氧,因此在选择网箱养殖的水域时应注意水源充足,水质清澈、无污染,水位年变化不大,水温年变化在4℃～24℃之间的大中型水库的开阔水面,水质符合渔业用水标准;水流速10cm/s～30cm/s,适当地控制水流刺激可以引起虹鳟的正常运动,从而增进摄食与加快生长;水体透明度大于2.0m,一般情况下水体透明度越高…     

朝鲜虹鳟养殖技术

虹鳟可以在水库中放养或用网箱饲养。1979年去朝鲜考察了池塘养虹鳟，兹将主要养殖技术介绍如下。     

拉西瓦水库网箱养殖虹鳟技术

<正>拉西瓦水库位于我国青海省黄河上游龙羊峡与青铜峡河段间,自建成蓄水以来,冬季不封冰,最低水温为5℃,夏季表层最高水温为16℃左右,平均水深30米,非常适合发展网箱养殖冷水性鱼。笔者结合拉西瓦水库的实际情况对三倍体虹鳟网箱养殖技术进行了详细的分析,希望为三倍体虹鳟的水库网箱养殖提供理论参考和实践依据。     

大亚湾海水养殖箱、笼上附着的污损生物

1986～1987年对粤东大亚湾的网箱养殖场和马氏珠母贝养殖场网箱和珠贝壳上的污损生物进行研究。共记录 124种生物。优势种是粘附山海绵、总合草苔虫、独角裂孔苔虫、华美盘管虫、放射牡蛎、网纹藤壶、皱瘤海鞘和冠瘤海鞘等。全年都有生物污损。最严重的季节是3月至6月。网箱污损生物的月湿重为8.3—545.0g/m~2;季湿重 150.0—6250.5g/m~2。最大的月覆盖面积为73.4％;季覆盖面积94.9％。网笼受生物污损上半年比下半年严重,最高记录为 4506.2g/m~2。上半年珠贝壳上的污损生物多达50种,最大湿重为 16.5g/1个珠母贝。     

Effect of Stocking Density on Growth,Yield, and Costs of Producing Rainbow Trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss,in Cages

Abstract

Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were raised in culture cages (1 m³) to determine the effect of stocking density on growth, survival, and percentage of market-size fish. Large fingerling rainbow trout (20-25 cm, 232 g average weight) were stocked into six cages located in a 0.4-ha pond. Two stocking densities (100 or 200 fish/cage) were used, and fish were grown for 140 days (2000-April 2001). Average total harvest weight (35.0 kg) in the low-density cages was approximately one-half the average total harvest weight (61.2 kg) in the high-density cages. Average weight gain (11.7 kg to 15.1 kg) and feed conversion (1.2 to 1.5) were also smaller for the low-density cages. Average survival was 96.7% for the low-density cages and 94.2% for the high-density cages, with the percentage of market-size fish (< 29 cm) averaging 50.3% and 52.0%, respectively. Production costs for the actual experiment and the revenues from fish sold at the end of the study were collected. An enterprise budget based on the experimental results for the two densities was developed to determine if a culture operation of this size would produce a net return. Production costs and revenues from the experiment resulted in a large negative return (-$3,124) and high breakeven price ($13.53/kg).     

膨化饲料水库网箱养殖牛蛙试验

选择环境安静,水质清新,水面开阔的库湾设置网箱(2 a=10 mm)养殖牛蛙,放养体重50~100 g的牛蛙160~200只/m2,100 g以上的牛蛙80~100只/m2,探索解决牛蛙常规养殖存在的污染环境和疾病严重等问题。结果表明:牛蛙的成活率为94.3%,日均增重1.33~2.97 g,网箱新增产值178元/m2,显著高于牛蛙常规养殖和鱼塘网箱养殖效益,为牛蛙养殖和综合提高水体养殖效益提供新的发展途径。     

方斑东风螺室内水泥池养殖研究

在35口面积均为30 m2的室内水泥池中,分7种规格、11个不同养殖密度组,共投放45.7万粒方斑东风螺苗进行养殖试验。经过151~216 d的养殖,共获商品螺2574.9 kg,平均单产2.5 kg/m2,平均规格146粒/kg(115~192粒/kg),成活率82.2%(48.4%~97.8%),饵料系数2.6。苗种规格为870~9200粒/kg的成活率较高且稳定,成活率超过86.5%,规格大于12170粒/kg的成活率明显下降,23400粒/kg的成活率仅为48.4%;投放密度为185.6~868.2粒/m2时,密度对养殖成活率影响不明显,但对养成规格影响较大,养殖密度超过542.6粒/m2时,生长速度明显下降。     

日本对虾活虾冬季运输技术研究

研究了日本对虾在不同运输方式、装运密度、运输时间下的运输成活率。结果表明:无水运输日本对虾密度在33.3 kg/m2时,3 h以内的运输成活率均在95%以上;无水充氧运输日本对虾密度在33.3 kg/m2时,13 h以内的运输成活率均在90%以上。     

网箱养鱼高产试验及其技术因子的探讨

本文报导了网箱养殖莫桑比克罗非鱼(Tilapia mossambica)和草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)高产试验。其中网养莫桑比克罗非鱼获得每平方米净产97公斤，饲料系数为2．16：网养草鱼每平方米净产14．5公斤，饲料系数为2．49。此外，本文论述了网箱结构，饲养环境，养殖方式，饲料配方，投喂技术等技术因子对提高单位产量的关系。作者认为合理选择网箱，敷设饲料台，控制溶氧不低于3mg／L、水温不低于15℃，饲养密度为5—10公斤／米^2，单养，采用蛋白质组分不低于35％的颗粒饲料以及提供10％-2％的日给食率，是网养给食式鱼类获得高产并降低饲料系数的关键。     

盐碱地池塘配置网箱养鱼试验

在盐碱地一个面积为2871m^2的鱼池中，配置4个网箱．分别放养罗非鱼、淡水白鲳和鲤，箱外放养鲢、草鱼和鲤。试验结果：罗非鱼箱(20m^2)出鱼525kg．平均单产26．3kg／m^2,淡水白鲳箱(12m^2)出鱼400kg,平均单产33.3kg／m^2,鲤鱼箱两个(各12m^2)分别出鱼488．5kg和522kg，平均单产为40．7kg／m^2和43．5kg／m^2。箱外出鲢516kg,草鱼130kg，鲤1125kg。总计全池出鱼3706．5kg，亩产鱼862kg，每亩纯盈利2173．85元。试验证明：池塘配置网箱养鱼．可同池主养几种鱼，起捕容易，管理方便。     

Effect of Density at Harvest on the Growth Performance and Profitability of Hatchery‐reared Spotted Rose Snapper,Lutjanus guttatus,Cultured in Floating Net Cages

This study evaluated the effect of the density at harvest on the performance and profitability of hatchery‐reared spotted rose snapper cultured in cages. The fish were stocked at harvest densities of 15, 20, and 22 kg/m³ in cages of 222 and 286 m³. More than 39,000 snapper fingerlings with an initial weight of 14 g were stocked. The fish were fed an extruded diet and cultured over a 360 d period. The thermal growth coefficient ranged from 0.04 to 0.05 and survival was 95% for all treatments, with the highest final weight (436.8 g) observed for fish reared at a density of 20 kg/m³. The allometric value b indicated that hatchery‐raised, cage‐cultured snapper were heavier than their wild counterparts. The major costs were feed (ranging from 44.7–45.9%), labor (22.4–32.6%), and seed costs (20.2–26.1%). The total production cost ranged from US$ 6.5 to US$ 7.5/kg. The baseline scenario was not economically feasible. However, a 10% increase in the sales price resulted in increases in the internal rate of return (183%) and net present value (US$ 97,628.9). These results suggest that L. guttatus has the potential for commercial production in cages.     

中国养鳟技术总结

作者通过对黑龙江、北京、山东、甘肃、吉林、河北等地的虹鳟渔场实地考查,总结了我国养鳟技术。文章对鱼池结构、养殖环境条件、饲料技术、饲料和营养以及管理方法等方而作了论述。     

Growth and production of the Amazonian tambaqui in fixed cages under different feeding regimes

Experimental culture of the native Amazonian fish tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, in fixed cages was carried out over a period of 8 months, in Lake Urubu (Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil), to assess the viability of fixed cage culture of tambaqui and to test the influence of diet on growth rates. Nine synthetic net cages (1 m³) were each stocked with 45-day-old fish (mean weight 3 g; mean total body length 51 mm) at a density of 34 fry m^–3. During the first 2 months of culture, fish were fed a balanced formulated feed on an as-fed basis at the rate of 5% body weight day^–1. During months 3–8 this continued for fish in treatment 1 while those in treatment 2 were fed tropical regional fruits, on a wet weight basis at the rate of 5% body wt day^–1. Fish in treatment 3 were given no supplementary feed. Monthly biometric measurements were made on all fish. Fixed cage fish culture was shown to be a viable and simple technique. Survival in all treatments was 100%. With balanced supplementary feed, production was 14.4 kg m^–3, compared with 4.9 kg m^–3 and 2.1 kg m^–3, respectively, in the treatments where fish were fed with fruits and were not given any supplementary feed.