基于嵌入式的智能农业环境监控系统开发

设计了一个智能农业环境监测系统,系统通过Internet和GPRS网络,远程实时监测农作物种植地传感器采集的数据,嵌入式Linux终端接收Zigbee网络各节点的环境数据,将数据存入到数据库中,同时可以发送给远程监控中心。远程监控中心将接收到的数据存入数据库,并且进行数据分析,实现远程调控,优化作物生长环境。     

Comment on "Early Archaean microorganisms preferred elemental sulfur, not sulfate"

Philippot et al. (Reports, 14 September 2007, p. 1534) interpreted multiple-sulfur isotopic compositions of approximately 3.5-billion-year-old marine sulfide deposits as evidence that early Archaean microorganisms were not sulfate reducers but instead metabolized elemental sulfur. However, their data can be better explained by a scenario involving poor mixing of photochemical and surface sulfide sources.     

基于WEB和RS-485总线的分布式远程环境监控系统的实现

提出了一种针对温室环境监测的基于WEB的数据采集和信息发布系统设计方案,并从软、硬件的角度详细介绍了系统的实现方法。该系统应用MSVB.NET开发工具,采用ASP.NET技术规范,构建了B/S(Browser/Server)模式下的远程监控系统。硬件系统通过RS-485总线与数字传感器连接,并与具有联网功能的PC监控计算机构成温室现场监控系统。该系统不仅能够通过Internet远程浏览访问温室现场数据,而且能对系统运行参数进行远程修改和设置。该系统不仅可以实现对温室环境的异地和远距离数据监控管理,而且也可应用于农业的其它领域。     

Seawater sulfur isotope fluctuations in the Cretaceous

The exogenic sulfur cycle is tightly coupled with the carbon and oxygen cycles, and therefore a central component of Earth's biogeochemistry. Here we present a high-resolution record of the sulfur isotopic composition of seawater sulfate for the Cretaceous. The general enrichment of isotopically light sulfur that prevailed during the Cretaceous may have been due to increased volcanic and hydrothermal activity. Two excursions toward isotopically lighter sulfur represent periods of lower rates of pyrite burial, implying a shift in the location of organic carbon burial to terrestrial or open-ocean settings. The concurrent changes in seawater sulfur and inorganic carbon isotopic compositions imply short-term variability in atmospheric oxygen partial pressure.     

Multiple stable isotopes used to trace the flow of organic matter in estuarine food webs

The use of a combination of the stable isotopes of sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen allows the flow of organic matter and trophic relations in salt marshes and estuaries to be traced while eliminating many ambiguities that accompany the use of a single isotopic tracer. Salt-marsh grasses take up the isotopically light sulfides formed during sulfate reduction, and the transfer of this light sulfur through the marsh food web is illustrated with data on the ribbed mussel (Geukensia demissa) from various locations in a New England marsh. The multiple isotope approach shows that this filter feeder consumes both marsh grass ( Spartina) detritus and plankton, with the relative proportions of each determined by the location of the mussels in the marsh.     

LabVIEW在温室环境远程监控系统的应用研究

采用LabVIEW软件设计温室环境的远程监控系统,可以为农作物的生长提供一个良好的温室环境,提高农产品的产量和质量。因此,利用LabVIEW软件开发平台,设计了温室环境远程监控系统。该系统实现了数据的网络化采集和远程监控。研究结果表明,该系统设计合理,性价比高,并且具备良好的实用性。     

Atmospheric influence of Earth's earliest sulfur cycle

Mass-independent isotopic signatures for delta(33)S, delta(34)S, and delta(36)S from sulfide and sulfate in Precambrian rocks indicate that a change occurred in the sulfur cycle between 2090 and 2450 million years ago (Ma). Before 2450 Ma, the cycle was influenced by gas-phase atmospheric reactions. These atmospheric reactions also played a role in determining the oxidation state of sulfur, implying that atmospheric oxygen partial pressures were low and that the roles of oxidative weathering and of microbial oxidation and reduction of sulfur were minimal. Atmospheric fractionation processes should be considered in the use of sulfur isotopes to study the onset and consequences of microbial fractionation processes in Earth's early history.     

农田环境数据采集系统的研究与设计

根据精准农业的需求,结合嵌入式技术、无线远程通信技术、GPS定位技术以及传感器技术等领域的最新研究成果,设计了一套能够实时采集多种农田数据的系统。该系统可以采集、显示多种农田数据,还能够经GPRS网络实现远程数据传输,远程数据中心建有数据库,可供用户随时浏览环境数据。此系统适合远程条件下对分散农田环境信息进行监测与管理,为农田管理决策、智能控制等提供数据支持。     

Deep-sea hydrocarbon seep communities: evidence for energy and nutritional carbon sources

Mussels, clams, and tube worms collected in the vicinity of hydrocarbon seeps on the Louisiana slope contain mostly "dead" carbon, indicating that dietary carbon is largely derived from seeping oil and gas. Enzyme assays, elemental sulfur analysis, and carbon dioxide fixation studies demonstrate that vestimentiferan tube worms and three clam species contain intracellular, autotrophic sulfur bacterial symbionts. Carbon isotopic ratios of 246 individual animal tissues were used to differentiate heterotrophic (8(13)C = -14 to -20 per mil), sulfur-based (8(13)C = -30 to -42 per mil), and methane-based (8(13)C = <-40 per mil) energy sources. Mussels with symbiotic methanotrophic bacteria reflect the carbon isotopic composition of the methane source. Isotopically light nitrogen and sulfur confirm the chemoautotrophic nature of the seep animals. Sulfur-based chemosynthetic animals contain isotopically light sulfur, whereas methane-based symbiotic mussels more closely reflect the heavier oceanic sulfate pool. The nitrogen requirement of some seep animals may be supported by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Some grazing neogastropods have isotopic values characteristic of chemosynthetic animals, suggesting the transfer of carbon into the background deep-sea fauna.     

基于GPRS的温室图像与温湿度监测系统的实现

针对温室环境监测自动化这一发展趋势,提出了一种基于GPRS和 WEB技术的远程监测系统.首先,通过单片机系统连接温湿度传感器、摄像头,并通过GPRS网络无线传输数据到监测中心,在数据库中存储并发布于WEB服务器上.系统软件实现了远程的通信控制,并构建了基于ASP.NET的B/S的"瘦客户"模式,通过浏览器实时浏览监测数...     

基于近实时海洋遥感数据的渔场预报系统设计与实现

针对国内渔业企业对于渔场预报系统的需要,设计和开发基于近实时海洋遥感数据的渔场预报系统。系统分为陆地数据服务和渔情预报软件两个模块,其中:陆地服务模块负责收集全球近实时海洋环境数据,并提供环境数据下载服务;渔情预报软件可以从陆地服务器下载海洋环境数据,并通过这些数据,使用栖息地适应性指数模型进行渔场预报,为渔业企业和作业渔船的捕捞决策提供辅助。两个模块之间以国际海事卫星船队宽带系统作为数据传输手段。前期的远洋渔船应用试验表明,该系统能稳定下载海洋环境数据并实现渔场预报,预报结果作为捕捞决策的重要辅助信息,可为渔业生产者选择作业地点提供很好的参考。     

无线远程监控技术在设施农业管理中的应用与展望

本文针对农业生产现场分散偏远等特点，通过传感器、无线通信、互连网络等技术的集成与优化，设计并实现了1种无线远程数据采集系统，可进行远距离、多要素、多目标相关数据的采集、传输与网络发布。为了验证该系统在信息远程传输与管理上的功能，分别在温室大棚、沼气池、畜禽水产养殖场、农业园区等场所进行了应用。结果表明，系统性能稳定、采集数据可靠，可通过数据分析，实现对异地远距离对象的诊断与管理，具有广泛的应用前景。     

Composition and structure of the venus atmosphere: results from pioneer venus

Results from the Pioneer Venus sounder probe neutral mass spectrometer indicate that there is no difference in the isotopic ratios of carbon and oxygen between Venus and Earth to within +/- 5 percent. The mixing ratio of nitrogen is 3.5(+3)(-2) percent with an isotopic ratio within 20 percent of that of Earth. The ratio of argon-36 to argon-40 is 85 percent, and the ratio of argon-38 to argon-36 is 20 percent. The mixing ratios of argon-36 and argon-40 are approximately 40 and 50 parts per million, respectively, with an error of about a factor of 2 (mainly toward a lesser amount) resulting from uncertainty in the response of the ion pump to rare gases. Hydrogen chloride cannot account for more than a few percent of the 36 mass peak, and therefore the large excess of primordial argon is a reasonable conclusion. The ratio of neon-20 to argon-36 of 0.5 +/- 0.3 is definitely terrestrial in character rather than solar. These results indicate that there is a large excess of all primordial noble gases on Venus relative to Earth. There appears to be a considerably higher abundance of sulfur compounds below 20 kilometers than in or above the main cloud layer. The 32 and 60 mass peaks show a sharp increase below 22 kilometers, indicating the possible production of sulfur and carbon oxysulfide (COS) at the expense of sulfur dioxide.     

Organogenic elements and compounds in surface samples from the sea of tranquillity

Organogenic elements, mainly carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur are present in the particulate material and in a breccia rock from Tranquillity Base in amounts ranging from 5 to 4200 parts per million. The major compounds of carbon released by heating are carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; the former predominates. Small amounts of other compounds of carbon have also been observed. Sulfur can be released as hydrogen sulfide by treatment with acid. The carbon isotopic delta(13L)C values are definitely nonterrestrial (+ 13 to + 18.5 per mil).     

Sulfur isotopic composition of cenozoic seawater sulfate

A continuous seawater sulfate sulfur isotope curve for the Cenozoic with a resolution of approximately 1 million years was generated using marine barite. The sulfur isotopic composition decreased from 19 to 17 per mil between 65 and 55 million years ago, increased abruptly from 17 to 22 per mil between 55 and 45 million years ago, remained nearly constant from 35 to approximately 2 million years ago, and has decreased by 0.8 per mil during the past 2 million years. A comparison between seawater sulfate and marine carbonate carbon isotope records reveals no clear systematic coupling between the sulfur and carbon cycles over one to several millions of years, indicating that changes in the burial rate of pyrite sulfur and organic carbon did not singularly control the atmospheric oxygen content over short time intervals in the Cenozoic. This finding has implications for the modeling of controls on atmospheric oxygen concentration.     

果园气象因子远程监测系统的设计与开发

应用LabVIEW虚拟仪器开发平台,结合数据采集卡和各种传感器,实现了果园气象因子参数的实时采集、显示和存储,并利用LabVIEW自带的远程面板技术让客户远程监控服务器端。结果表明：统能较好地实现果园生态环境远程实时监测,为果树生产管理提供及时准确的园区信息。     

Mass-independent sulfur isotopic compositions in stratospheric volcanic eruptions

The observed mass-independent sulfur isotopic composition (Delta33S) of volcanic sulfate from the Agung (March 1963) and Pinatubo (June 1991) eruptions recorded in the Antarctic snow provides a mechanism for documenting stratospheric events. The sign of Delta33S changes over time from an initial positive component to a negative value. Delta33S is created during photochemical oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid on a monthly time scale, which indicates a fast process. The reproducibility of the results reveals that Delta33S is a reliable tracer to chemically identify atmospheric processes involved during stratospheric volcanism.     

基于DSP的嵌入式农业环境远程监测系统设计

农业环境远程监测、数据采集和网络远程传输是现代农业的发展方向。利用DSP处理器DM642设计的嵌入式视频远程监测系统,实现了对农业环境和生物信息采集视频信号,并完成了视频信号的提取和网络传输。该系统可在农业生态与环境资源监测、农业灾害监测预警等数字农业中应用。     

温室环境无线远程监控系统的优化解决方案

针对农业对象具有的多样性、多变性、以及偏僻分散等特点,提出了一种基于GPRS和WEB技术的远程数据采集和信息发布系统方案。首先,通过RS-485总线与数字传感器连接,并与具有嵌入式系统和TCP/IP协议的现场监控模块构成监控系统;其次,通过GPRS建立现场监控系统与互联网的连接,将实时采集信息发送到WEB数据服务器。系统软件核心技术系MS VB.NET和ASP.NET开发而成,构建了基于B/S(Browser/Server)的服务模式,只要通过浏览器不仅可实时浏览监测数据,而且能进行历史数据的查询。实验表明该设计方案非常适合分散远距离条件下农业环境信息的获取、传输与应用。     

Photochemical mass-independent sulfur isotopes in achondritic meteorites

Sulfides from four achondrite meteorite groups are enriched in 33S (up to 0.040 per mil) as compared with primitive chondrites and terrestrial standards. Stellar nucleosynthesis and cosmic ray spallation are ruled out as causes of the anomaly, but photochemical reactions in the early solar nebula could produce the isotopic composition. The large 33S excess present in oldhamite from the Norton County aubrite (0.161 per mil) suggests that refractory sulfide minerals condensed from a nebular gas with an enhanced carbon-oxygen ratio, but otherwise solar composition is the carrier. The presence of a mass-independent sulfur effect in meteorites argues for a similar process that could account for oxygen isotopic anomalies observed in refractory inclusions in primitive chondrites.