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选用稀有作物豆类、麦类、粟类中的红小豆、荞麦、谷子做试验材料,研究植物种子在液氮保存的冷冻和解冻处理方法、包装材料和种子含水量对发芽率与生长势的影响,构建植物种质资源超低温保存的最适方法。将红小豆、荞麦、谷子种子用聚乙烯袋包装后直接投入液氮中保存、经-20℃→-70℃→-196℃和经-70℃→-196℃温度梯度三种方法冷冻,于保存30天后通过缓慢解冻(在18℃室温缓慢解冻)和快速解冻(在38℃水浴锅中解冻)两种方法解冻。测定种子的发芽率和生长势,选择合适的冷冻和解冻方法。采用聚乙烯塑料袋、铝箔和牛皮纸信封包装种子,探究适宜液氮保存的种子包装材料。将种子含水量调整为7%~9%、12%~14%、17%-20%、30%~40%、40%-50%五种范围,探究液氮保存种子的适宜含水量。结果表明,红小豆、荞麦、谷子种子液氮保存采用快速冷冻、快速解冻好于温度梯度冷冻和缓慢解冻;聚乙烯塑料袋和铝箔包装材料好于牛皮纸包装;自然风干种子(12%~14%)的含水量的发芽率和生长势好于其他四种含水量。 相似文献
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太子参种子特性及种胚离体诱导培养技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用解剖学观察和无菌诱导培养技术研究太子参种子特性并离体诱导培养种胚。结果表明:太子参种子由外种皮、内种皮、外胚乳和胚构成,胚由子叶、胚芽、下胚轴和胚根组成,其中胚芽非常细小;种子具休眠特性,需要后熟过程才能自然萌发;种子的外胚乳对胚的萌发有抑制作用,剥去种皮和外胚乳的裸胚在培养基MS+6 BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L中能很快被诱导萌发生长,萌发率78.3%。说明太子参种胚通过离体诱导培养,可有效解决种子的休眠现象,这为实现太子参无病毒种苗的工厂化育苗提供新途径及技术支持。 相似文献
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为了探讨超低温保存技术应用于园林树木种子的适应性,研究了合欢和青杄种子超低温保存.结果表明:(1)采用直接投入法,除了合欢部分种子进入液氮后炸裂外,2种种子液氮保存后都有萌发能力,但其发芽率、发芽势变化不同.在自然含水量下,液氮保存后合欢种子发芽率和发芽势较对照都显著提高;青杄种子发芽率明显降低,而发芽势则与对照没有显著差异.(2)不同树种用于液氮保存的适宜种子含水量不同.合欢种子在10%的自然含水量下保存于液氮中发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数最高;而青杄种子需经过干燥脱水,含水量在4%时,保存后种子萌发力较好.结果显示,常温保存下种子寿命有较大差异的园林树种都实现了超低温保存.因此,该技术在园林树木种子长期保存中有应用潜力. 相似文献
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试验研究了中国华北地区14科的25种野生花卉种子的超低温保存技术程序.结果表明:在采后自然含水量下,(1.00%~11.76%),除了祁州漏芦种子进入液氮后炸裂外,其它24种花卉种子经液氮保存后都具有一定的发芽率.液氮保存前后种子发芽率变化不同,可分为3类.12种花卉种子发芽率高于液氮保存前,提高1.3%~34.6%不等,其中牛扁提高最为明显.狭苞橐吾、紫苞风毛菊种子液氮保存前后发芽率无显著差异;大花剪秋萝等10种花卉,液氮保存后种子发芽率降低2.7%~62.6%不等,降低最多的是蓝刺头,种子发芽率为10.7%,是保存前62.6%.液氮保存后化冻方法研究表明,不同花卉采用不同方法,金莲花等11种花卉种子采用18℃自来水冲洗化冻6~7 min,种子发芽率较高;草本威灵仙等8种种子在40℃温水浴化冻6~7 min下,种子萌发率较高;返顾马先蒿等在20℃室温化冻30 min的条件下种子发芽率较高.不同化冻方式对超低温保存后种子发芽率有明显的影响.在可以超低温保存的24种花卉中,72%的种类表现为快速化冻方式优于慢速化冻,其中32%的野生花卉温水浴化冻效果较好.40%的种类自来水冲洗化冻后发芽率较高. 相似文献
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植物体细胞胚成熟 干燥与人工种子技术研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文从种子发育和种子生理角度综述了植物体细胞胚成熟、脱水、休眠等和人工种子技术研究进展,对这一领域研究前景和存在问题作了讨论。 相似文献
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龙蒿种子发芽特性研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
龙蒿种子的适宜浸种时间为1 h,适宜的催芽温度为25~28℃,在光照条件下催芽效果好。在20℃的条件下,以5℃低温处理72 h的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数最高;而在30℃的条件下,以5℃低温处理8 h的各项发芽指标最高。 相似文献
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高良姜种子超低温保存研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
为解决高良姜种子长期保存的问题,以高良姜的成熟种子为材料,研究含水量和玻璃化处理对其活力的影响,以及快速冷冻法和玻璃化冷冻法对种子超低温保存的影响。结果表明:(1)种子含水量在10.77%~27.25%时,其活力仍保持在60%以上,当含水量由10.77%降至7.86%时,其活力降至40%以下;(2)玻璃化处理后的种子活力低于未玻璃化处理的种子活力;(3)经液氮超低温保存后,含水量为21.10%~27.25%的种子活力降至50%以下甚至为0%;含水量为10.77%~15.61%的种子活力仍保持在60%以上;其中含水量13.58%的种子活力最高,并且玻璃化冷冻处理的种子活力(72.67%)高于快速冷冻处理的种子活力(65.81%)。据此认为,液氮超低温长期保存高良姜种子是可行的。 相似文献
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Embryogenic callus cultures of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were frozen in the presence of a cryoprotector and subsequentjy stored in liquid nitrogen. After thawing, a high percentage of cultures resumed growth after a lag-period of 2–4 weeks. Plant regeneration was achieved at a frequency comparable to that observed in control cultures. 相似文献
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Cryopreservation of English walnut (Juglans regia L.) pollen 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary Pollen from eight clones of English walnut (Juglans regia L.) was stored in liquid nitrogen (LN2) at-196°C for one year. Pollen was monitored for percent germination in vitro before being frozen. Pollen was frozen within two hours of anther dehiscence and subsequently at 24 hr intervals until germination assays indicated that the ability to germinate was lost. Survival after one year was evaluated by determining percent germination in vitro. Freshly collected pollen of only five of the eight clones survived LN2. By contrast, when the same pollen was held for 24 and 72 hr before freezing, pollen of all eight clones survived. Survival is correlated with moisture content (MC) of the pollen. Pollen samples with MC greater than 7.5% were killed by freezing in LN2. All pollen samples with MC between 4 and 7.5% survived as did most of the samples with MC between 3.2 and 4%. 相似文献
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R. Chandra Babu V. Muralidharan M. Seetha Rani M. Nagarajan S. R. Sree Rangasamy R. K. Pallikonda Perumal 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1990,164(3):213-216
The effect of seed size on germination and seedling growth was assessed using cultivars of greengram and blackgram. Significant positive correlation was noticed between seed size and germination, seedling height, root length, primary leaf size and seedling weight. The possible advantages of choosing cultivars with heavier seeds for attaining better crop stand especially under rainfed situation are discussed. 相似文献
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不同化学试剂处理对茄子种子萌发的影响 总被引:11,自引:2,他引:11
用CaCl2、NaCl、KNO3、Na2B4O7及CuSO4不同浓度的试剂浸泡处理茄子种子,结果表明:各种试剂对茄种子的发芽均有明显的促进作用,其中以3.0% KNO3的效果最为显著,发芽势、发芽率均有明显提高. 相似文献
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Axillary shoot tips of in vitro grape(Vitis vinifera L. cv. CabernetSauvignon) were successfully cryopreservedby vitrification. Axillary shoot tipswere excised from 4- and 5-month oldplantlets were cultured onsolidified 1/2 MS medium with 1 mg l-1BA at 25 °C. Shoot tips wereprecultured on solidified mediumsupplemented with 0.3 M sucrose for 3 daysand then treated with a mixture of 2 Mglycerol plus 0.4 M sucrose (LS solution)for 20 min at 25 °C. They were thendehydrated with PVS2 for 80 min at0 °C before being plunged into LN for1 hr. Samples were then warmed rapidly inwater at 40 °C. The recovery of theshoot tips amounted to approximately 60%.To enhance further recovery, a two-stepdehydration procedure by vitrification wasexamined. Osmo-protected shoot tips werefirst dehydrated with a 50% PVS2 (halfstrength of the solution) for 30 min,followed by PVS2 for 50 min at 0 °C.This revised dehydration procedure improvedshoot recovery from 60 to 80%. Thisprocedure by vitrification was applied toten other species/cultivars of Vitiswith an average recovery of 64%. Thismethod incorporates a simple and reliableapproach for providing high levels ofgrowth recovery. It also appears promisingfor the cryopreservation of Vitisgermplasm. 相似文献