顽拗性种子的脱水敏感性及萌发生态学研究进展

就顽拗性种子的脱水敏感性及其不同发育阶段与种子活力的关系,顽拗性种子的萌发、休眠和动物捕食生态学及顽拗性种子的分布与进化进行了综述。提出了顽拗性种子研究领域的未来发展趋势,旨在为推动我国顽拗性种子生态学方面的研究提供有益的参考。     

顽拗性种子的连续群及其分类学的研究

顽拗性种子的产生与其母株的生态环境密切相关,在不同的气候带和生境的条件下,种子的顽拗性是不同的.根据顽拗性种子脱水耐性和对低温敏感性的差异,可分为高度、中度和低度顽拗性,即顽拗性连续群.从系统发育看,产生顽拗性种子的植物分布很广,与植物的系统分类地位无关.     

顽拗性种子脱水敏感性的奥秘

顽拗性种子对脱水和低温高度敏感,粒大而重,胚的比例小,可分为低度、中度和高度顽拗性三种类型。缓慢干燥时,顽拗性种子的生活力随着含水量的下降而逐渐丧失,快速干燥能大大降低离体胚轴的致死含水量。顽拗性种子脱水敏感性的原因是在贮藏中萌发。超微结构观察表明最敏感的部位是膜系统。一些糖和多元醇能提高种子的脱水耐性。     

萌发过程中种子贮藏物质的动员和变化规律概述

种子萌发是植物生命的开端,此过程需要多种贮藏物质的动员来提供营养及能量,贮藏物质对种子萌发至关重要.本文概述了种子萌发所需主要贮藏物质(糖类、蛋白质、脂肪、磷)在种子萌发中的作用、动员情况和代谢变化规律,并与经劣变(老化)后的种子进行比较,从贮藏物质角度解析劣变对种子萌发和活力的影响,并对该领域未来的研究方向进行了展望...     

顽拗性种子的发育特性与脱水耐性

顽拗性种子不经过成熟脱水，在整个发育过程中保持代谢活性，没有明显的静止期，对脱水高度敏感。主要的贮藏物质是可溶性的糖，淀粉是碳水化合物贮藏物的唯一复杂形式。顽拗性种子在发育后期，胚中的ABA含量下降，胚缺乏LEA蛋白，在贮藏物积累阶段获得发芽能力。脱水耐性的影响因子主要有ABA、寡糖和LEA蛋白等。     

钙在黄皮种子萌发中的作用

本大以湿藏820天的典型顽拗性种子黄皮种子为材料，研究了钙对种子萌发的影响。在5～40mmol／LCa2 水平，低浓度Ca2 能提高黄皮种子的发芽率、活力指数和淀粉酶活性，随着浓度升高作用减弱，最适浓度为20mmol／L。EDTA和GA分别能降低和提高黄皮种子活力及淀酶活性。     

秦艽种子内源萌发抑制物的初步探究

采用生物测定方法对秦艽种子中存在抑制种子萌发的物质进行了确定,并用植物化学手段对秦艽种子浸提液进行了分离和纯化,得到Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ4部分提取液.生物测定表明,分离物Ⅲ具有较强的种子萌发抑制作用,采用HPLC对分离物Ⅲ与ABA标准品进行对比确定,秦艽种子中确实存在影响种子萌发的抑制物质,但该物质不是ABA.     

外源生长调节物质对阔叶杨桐种子萌发的影响

试验研究了厚皮香科植物阔叶杨桐种子在3种外源生长调节物质GA、IAA和6-BA浸种处理下的萌发特性。结果表明,阔叶杨桐种子为休眠性种子,不同外源生长调节物质对种子萌发影响不同,与对照相比,50 mg/L和100 mg/L的GA浸种提高了种子的萌发率,而150 mg/L的GA处理抑制种子的正常萌发;低浓度的IAA(<100 mg/L)浸种处理促进种子的萌发,高浓度IAA浸种降低种子的萌发率;种子萌发对不同浓度6-BA的响应趋势与IAA相似,综合分析认为,低浓度的外源生长调节物质浸种处理可以在一定程度上解除种子的休眠,提高种子的萌发率,其中50 mg/L的6-BA浸种处理12 h效果最佳。     

荔枝和龙眼种子发育过程发芽率与脱水忍耐力变化

荔枝和龙眼种子发育成熟时不经历脱水干燥过程，成熟采收时种子含水量（fwb）分别达44．6％，42．5％。荔枝和龙眼新鲜种子不经脱水干燥处理即可萌发，并且在所有发育时期均不能忍耐较大程度的脱水。但对部分脱水的忍耐力在发育中有所升高，种子生理成熟时最大，然后略有下降。初步探讨了荔枝和龙眼种子发育过程脱水忍耐力与顽拗性种子采后生理行为的关系．     

种子萌发及幼苗生长的调节效应研究进展

种子萌发是一个复杂的物质代谢过程,多种植物激素和植物生长调节剂参与和调节种子萌发及幼苗生长,使种子活力、幼苗形态、内部营养物质及酶类也发生相应的变化。本文在查阅国内外大量文献的基础上,对脱落酸、赤霉素、细胞分裂素、乙烯、生长素五类植物激素和主要植物生长调节剂以及水杨酸对种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响、调节机制及应用研究进行了综述,为植物生长调节剂在芽苗菜产业健康可持续发展中的科学合理利用提供参考。     

大豆胚轴的脱水耐性研究

大豆种子是正常性种子。本文通过电解质渗漏速率、幼苗鲜重、胚轴存活率以压抗氧化酶活性等相关指标的测定．阐明了大豆胚轴在脱水过程中脱水耐性的变化情况厦其与抗氧化酶活性的关系。为正常性种子和顽拗性种子脱水耐性研究提供参考。     

脱水对万寿竹种子发芽及部分抗逆生理指标的影响

[目的]探究万寿竹种子脱水过程中,发芽及部分抗逆生理指标的变化情况,为万寿竹种子贮藏及采收提供理论依据.[方法]利用室温硅胶干燥法获得45.90％、40.50％、38.07％、33.08％、27.26％、16.67％、14.63％7个含水量梯度的种子,以未干燥的种子(49.12％)为空白对照,分别测定各个含水量梯度种子的生活力、发芽率、电导率、CAT、SOD、POD、AsA-POD活性、MDA、可溶性蛋白质含量.[结果]种子含水量保持在33.08％以上时,能保持较高的生活力、发芽率,当含水量下降到33.08％以下时,种子发芽率和生活力开始显著下降.[结论]万寿竹种子不耐脱水,属于顽拗性种子,贮藏时含水量应保持在33.08％以上.     

Relationship Between Storage and Germinability of Cardamom (Elatteria cardamomum Maton)

Cardamom seeds are considered recalcitrant, with relatively low retention of germinability during storage. Thus, a study tested the effects of drying temperatures on moisture loss and reduction in germinability of cardamom seeds. In addition, the effect of storage material and temperatures on retention of germinability was evaluated. The mature seeds of cardamom contained a high percentage of water at harvest, and germinability at harvest was around 62 %, confirming the recalcitrant nature of the seeds. Seed germinability was completely lost at moisture levels below 50 % (dry wt. basis) and higher temperatures reduced moisture levels and germinability faster. Drying at 20°C retained some degree of germinability for 7 days. In terms of storage, sealed polythene containers and low temperature (5°C) was optimal for maintaining some degree of germinability of cardamom seeds during storage for approximately 15 days.     

中国石蒜种子特性及形态解剖学研究

对中国石蒜种子的解剖学结构和组成成分进行了研究。结果表明:中国石蒜的种子含水量较高,有顽拗型种子的特征;胚乳丰富,含有较多的可溶性糖和淀粉,可为种子的后期发育提供物质基础。胚呈棒状,位于胚乳中央,由胚根、胚芽、胚轴和子叶组成;子叶占绝大部分比例,胚轴极度缩短,结构不明显。     

Introgression of in vitro regeneration capability of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Mill. into recalcitrant tomato cultivars

The goal of this research was to study the introgression of the high regeneration capacity of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Mill line WV-700, in recalcitrant tomato cultivars (L. esculentum Mill cvs. Petomech, Santa Rita and VFN-8) using backcrossing. Hypocotyl explants of in vitro germinated seeds were cultivated in half strength MS medium supplemented with 5mg/l 6-BA to assess their shoot regeneration capacity. The apical shoot of the in vitro germinated seeds were cultured on a separate medium. Apical shoots from genotypes showing high regeneration rates were acclimated in a glasshouse and used as pollen donors for the next backcrossing. After four backcrossings, the material showed a similar mean fruit weight for the cultivated tomato and a high regeneration capacity similar to the wild species. It is shown that L. pimpinellifolium can be used with success as donor parent to introgress in vitro regeneration capacity to recalcitrant tomato cultivars. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effect of Time of Harvest and Storage Conditions on Germination of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt)

Nutmeg ( Myristica fragrans ) is a valuable tropical spice crop, which is not easily propagated vegetatively. As the seeds of this species lose viability soon after harvest, storage for research causes problems, especially due to the seasonality of production. Thus, a study evaluated the characteristics of nutmeg seeds, and the relationship between time of harvest, drying temperature, and storage condition on germinability. Seeds were picked at full maturity, full ripeness or were collected within 2 hours after falling from the tree. Seed moisture contents, germination characters and germination indices were determined soon after harvest. The freshly fallen seeds were used for the drying and storage due to their better germination characters and higher germination index.
Seed moisture contents were high in the seeds. These values decreased and germinability increased with increasing seed maturity. Germination percentages were lost at higher moisture contents at a faster rate when dried at higher temperatures. All seeds lost germinability at moisture contents below 45 % (dry wt basis) when dried at the selected temperatures. Germination of stored seed were maintained for a longer period of time when stored at 5 °C in sealed transparent polythene packs, in contrast to when stored at room temperature. The results suggest the recalcitrant nature of nutmeg seeds and present possible methods of storage for short period of time while maintaining some degree of germinability.     

中国特有产甜蛋白植物马槟榔常规繁育技术研究

研究濒危植物马槟榔的种子繁殖和压条繁殖方法,为其异地保护、繁殖和有效利用建立基础。探索种子预处理方法、存放时间、播种方法以及不同激素、温度、基质等对发芽率的影响,并研究普通压条和高空压条繁育技术。马槟榔种子为中度顽拗性种子,去除果皮后：晒干种子发芽率低;30℃烘干24 h种子发芽率为0;阴凉处晾干表面种子发芽率最高,离开母体种子约72天后种子失去活力。其最佳播种方法为：每年的11-12月,用新鲜种子播种,播种基质为红壤土:椰糠＝1:1;对种子进行开裂处理和激素处理有助于种子快速萌发并提高发芽率,而以10 mg/L GA3的效果最佳,提前至少5天萌发。高于65℃低于100℃的热水处理4 h能提高种子的萌发率。高空压条是马槟榔较好的压条繁殖方法。该研究成功探索出了马槟榔较好的常规繁殖方法,可广泛应用于该植物的异地保护和小规模扩繁。