野生稻种质资源在水稻育种中的利用

针对目前中国水稻育种面临的遗传资源利用范围狭窄这一主要问题,从重要基因资源的发掘角度,综述了野生稻种质资源的利用现状,探讨了其在水稻超高产育种、抗病虫育种、抗逆性育种、品质育种等方面的应用潜力。     

野生稻资源在水稻育种中的利用及展望

综述近年来人们在野生稻优异性状鉴定方面的最新成果，回顾野生稻在水稻育种中的利用，展示利用野生稻宝贵基因的几种有效可行方法。为野生稻这一宝贵基因源的利用提供一些可借鉴的资料。     

非AA型野生稻资源在水稻育种中的利用

非AA型野生稻涵盖B、C、D、E、F、G、H、J、K等九大基因组,广泛分布于世界各地,具有丰富的遗传多样性,是一座天然的水稻基因宝库。综述了非AA型野生稻的种类、优良特性及其在水稻育种中的利用途径和育种成果,指出了目前利用非AA型野生稻存在的主要问题,提出了相应的策略。     

野生稻资源在水稻育种中的利用及展望

综述近年来人们在野生稻优异性状鉴定方面的最新成果,回顾野生稻在水稻育种中的利用,展示利用野生稻宝贵基因的几种有效可行方法。为野生稻这一宝贵基因源的利用提供一些可借鉴的资料。     

野生稻资源研究及其在水稻育种上利用现状

1 野生稻资源类型及分布 1.1 世界野生稻类型及分布 对世界上稻属(Oryza L.)的种类众说不一,综合各学者的观点,普遍认为,稻属常见的有22个种,其中包括亚洲栽培稻(O. sativa L.)、非洲栽培稻(O. glaberrima Steud.)和20个种的野生稻类型(表1).     

野生稻遗传资源在育种上的利用

野生稻是水稻育种的重要遗传资源。由于人类的经济活动,导致野生稻生境丧失、生境质量持续恶化、栖息地越来越少及外来种的入侵,现在保护野生稻资源是我们的迫切任务。野生稻具有许多优良特性,如特强的耐冷性、耐早性、耐瘠性、抗病虫害、特强的再生性、广亲和性、胞质雄性不育基因及恢复性等。有些优良特性已被用于水稻常规育种和杂交育种中.并取得了巨大的社会效益和经济效益。有些优良特性还有待进一步的开发利用。     

中国野生稻资源及其在水稻抗性育种上的应用

野生稻作为栽培稻的野生亲缘种,具有许多优良的性状和有利基因,是栽培稻品种进一步改良的天然遗传种质资源库。其中,野生稻的抗病抗虫性、耐旱耐寒性等,已广泛应用于现代栽培稻的育种改良。本文综述了中国野生稻种质资源的利用现状,探讨了其在水稻抗性育种上的应用潜力。     

甘蔗优异种质资源及其在育种上的利用研究

搜集并保育了500 份甘蔗种质资源。对甘蔗野生种的割手密、中国种竹蔗、热带种与地方果蔗和栽培品种进行研究评价, 从中筛选出一批优异的种质资源供创新利用。每年有优异种质60～80个供作亲本,在亚热带地区通过光周期诱导开花,使有性杂交获得成功。尤其是成功地诱导果蔗和竹蔗的开花和延迟野生蔗开花并进行远缘杂交,创造了新血缘的甘蔗新种质, 培育出特高糖的闽糖91/221、高生物产量的闽蔗92/117、综合性状优异的闽糖92/225 及一些优良的育种中间材料。     

Development of herbicide resistance genes and their application in rice

Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world.Weeds seriously affect the rice yield and grain quality.In recent years,there are tremendous progresses in the research and application of herbicideresistant genes in rice worldwide.This article reviews the working mechanisms of six herbicides(glyphosate,glufosinate,acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides,acetyl-Co A carboxylase inhibitor herbicides,hydroxyhenylpyruvate dioxygenase(HPPD)inhibitor herbicides and dinitroaniline herbicides),the resistance mutations of the corresponding herbicide-target genes,and the herbicide detoxification mechanisms by non-target genes.Examples are provided on herbicide-resistant rice materials obtained by transformation of exogenous resistance genes,by artificial mutagenesis and mutant screening,and by modifying the target genes through gene editing.This paper also introduces the current application of herbicide-resistant rice,points out problems that may be caused by utilization of herbicide resistant rice and solutions to the problems,and discusses the future prospects for the development of herbicideresistant rice.     

Elite sd1 alleles in japonica rice and their breeding applications in northeast China

The Green Revolution gene sd1 has been used extensively in modern rice breeding,especially in indica cultivars.However,elite sd1 alleles and related germplasm resources used for japonica rice breeding have not been identified,and extensive efforts are needed for japonica rice breeding to obtain new dwarfing sources.Data from MBKbase-Rice revealed seven sd1 haplotypes in indica and four in japonica rice.Two new sd1 alleles were identified in indica rice.In 295 japonica accessions from northeast Asia,except for the weak functional allele SD1-EQ,sd1-r was the major allele,reducing plant height in comparison with SD1-EQ.Japonica germplasm resources carrying reported sd1 alleles were identified by genotype searching and further verified by literature search,genealogical analysis,and d Caps markers.Pedigrees and geographic distribution showed that sd1-r is an excellent allele widely used in northern China and Tohoku in Japan,and sd1-j is commonly used in east China and Kyushu in Japan.Dongnong-and Xiushui-series cultivars carrying sd1-r and sd1-j,respectively,are essential branches of the backbone parents of Chinese japonica rice,Akihikari and Ce21,with the largest number of descendants and derived generations.In semi-dwarf japonica rice breeding,sd1-d was introgressed into Daohuaxiang 2(DHX2).Dwarf and semi-dwarf lines carrying sd1-d were selected and designated as 1279 and 1280,respectively,after withstanding typhoon-induced strong winds and heavy rains in 2020,and are anticipated to become useful intermediate materials for future genetic research and breeding.This work will facilitate the introduction,parental selection,and marker-assisted breeding,and provide a material basis for the next step in identifying favorable genes that selected together with the sd1 alleles in japonica backbone parents.     

现代生物技术在水稻育种上的应用

本文概述了发展现代生物技术的意义,回顾了我国农业生物技术的发展历程及取得的抗虫棉花、玉米、抗病毒水稻等重大成就,并对辽宁省农科院利用生物技术开展水稻育种研究所取得的成果进行了总结和评价。     

日本水稻育种的现状和展望

自1967年以来,日本由于高产新品种的推广及新型栽培技术的开发,水稻产量获得突飞猛进的提高。另一方面,由于人们饮食习惯发生变化,稻米的消费量减少,出现稻米过剩。因此,稻米的育种目标转向稳产、高产、优质。多年来,在日本国立研究机构、地方育种试验场以及民间机构的共同努力下,其高产水稻品种的开发取得了巨大成就,但优质的问题也随之产生。一、品种种植面积动向及其问题1956年有成的越光品种,自1979年种植面积达顶峰以来．已经有ZO余年连续保持首位,最近已占粳稻品种种植面积的1／3,日本育种家以越光为亲本材料,育成了很…     

无公害优质稻米及安全生产技术

针对市场对无公害优质稻米需求的与日俱增,就无公害优质稻米分类、生产上的限制因素等的分析入手,从栽培环境、品种、施肥、清洁灌溉、病虫害防治等方面提出无公害优质稻米安全生产技术。     

An experiment of rice space-inducing breeding

The pure seeds of rice varieties Zaoxian 6188, D6049: late indica Minghui 63. Waiqi, and Xiangge 7301 late japonica Nonghu 6 and Bei K15 were carried by satellite 921006. After the satellite returned, we colleeted, planted, and tested the variances eaused by space inducing, with a part of seeds for eaca CK on the ground.     

二十一世纪水稻育种的思考

介绍了水稻矮化育种、杂种优势利用和理想株型育种。阐述了21世纪通过挖掘野生稻资源,扩大杂种优势利用的范围,拉大杂交亲本的遗传距离,通过基因工程、生物工程提高光合效率等手段,实现选育水稻高产、优质、抗病、抗逆品种的目标。     

In-situ conservation of Dongxiang wild rice

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