Development of multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of five bacterial fish pathogens

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was designed for the simultaneous detection of the five major fish pathogens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, Flavobacterium columnare, Renibacterium salmoninarum, and Yersinia ruckeri. Each of the five pairs of oligonucleotide primers exclusively amplified the targeted gene of the specific microorganism. The detection limits of the multiplex PCR was in the range of 2, 1, 1, 3, and 1CFU for A. hydrophila, A. salmonicida, F. columnare, R. salmoninarum, and Y. ruckeri, respectively. Multiplex PCR did not produce any nonspecific amplification products when tested against 23 related species of bacteria. The multiplex PCR assay was useful for the detection of the bacteria in naturally infected fish. This assay is a sensitive and specific and reproducible diagnostic tool for the simultaneous detection of five pathogenic bacteria that cause disease in fish. Therefore, it could be a useful alternative to the conventional culture based method.     

羊痘病毒多重PCR检测方法的建立

根据羊痘病毒（CaPV）末端反向重复序列中的一段序列和P32基因序列,设计合成了2对引物,通过确定最佳的PCR反应条件,建立了检测羊痘病毒核酸的多重PCR方法。结果显示,用这2对引物均能扩增出羊痘病毒相应的特异性片段,而用此PCR方法检测口蹄疫病毒和羊口疮病毒,结果均为阴性。与中和试验比较,建立的PCR方法具有更好的敏感性。表明,该PCR方法可对组织病料中的CaPV进行快速检测。     

绵羊肺炎支原体、丝状支原体山羊亚种和精氨酸支原体多重PCR检测方法的建立及应用

根据GenBank登陆的绵羊肺炎支原体(MO)、丝状支原体山羊亚种(MmC)和精氨酸支原体(M.arg)的相关基因序列,分别设计了扩增MO hsp70基因、MmC hsp70基因和M.arg ADI基因片段的特异性引物,通过对反应条件和反应体系的优化,建立了MO、MmC和M.arg的多重PCR检测方法。特异性试验结果显示:该方法能同时扩增出MO 703bp、MmC 385bp和M.arg223bp的特异性目的片段,而对其他病原的DNA扩增为阴性。敏感性试验结果显示:该方法对这3种支原体的最低核酸检出量均为10pg。55份临床样品检测结果表明:三重PCR检测结果与分离培养诊断方法一致,均能检测出样品中的病原菌。本试验建立的多重PCR方法能为MO、MmC和M.arg的感染提供正确快速诊断方法。     

牛支原体套式PCR检测方法的建立

为建立牛支原体检测方法,本研究采用牛支原体的oppD/F基因的两对特异性引物,建立了牛支原体的套式PCR检测方法.该套式PCR可以从100 ccu/mL(color change unit颜色变化单位)的牛支原体培养物中检出目的片段;同时还可以从病牛肺脏、病牛鼻拭子中扩增出目的片段,而且结果与病原分离结果一致.特异性试验结果表明,该方法与其它支原体无交叉反应,是一种特异性强、敏感性高的牛支原体检测方法.     

Development of real-time PCR assay for the detection of Mycoplasma bovis

Mycoplasma bovis is one of the important bovine mycoplasma involved in economically important clinical conditions like respiratory diseases, otitis media, and mastitis. The present study was undertaken with the objective of developing a SYBR Green dye-based real-time PCR assay targeting uvrC gene for the diagnosis of M. bovis. The analytical sensitivity and specificity of the assay were evaluated. The test showed 10³-fold more sensitivity than conventional PCR and detected down to 100 fg level of DNA. It was found to be specific, as no cross reactivity was shown with other related bacteria and Mycoplasma species. The developed assay was able to detect down to 40 copies of uvrC gene from spiked bovine milk samples. At present, this developed assay may be used as a valuable diagnostic tool for the detection of Mycoplasma bovis.

     

A fluorescent bead-based multiplex assay for the simultaneous detection of antibodies to B. burgdorferi outer surface proteins in canine serum

Lyme disease is a zoonotic, vector-borne disease affecting humans, dogs, horses and other species. It is caused by infection with spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group which are transmitted to the mammalian host by infected ticks (Ixodes). Exposure to B. burgdorferi is commonly diagnosed by serological testing. The gold standard for the detection of antibodies to B. burgdorferi is a two-step procedure of an ELISA followed by confirmatory Western blotting (WB). Here, we developed and validated a new bead-based multiplex assay for the detection of antibodies to B. burgdorferi in canine serum which combined the testing by ELISA and WB in a single quantitative test. B. burgdorferi outer surface protein A (OspA), OspC and OspF were expressed in E. coli. The recombinant proteins were coupled to fluorescent beads providing the matrix of the assay. Two sets of canine sera were used for validation of the multiplex assay. First, sera from 79 dogs with known ELISA and WB results were used to establish the conditions of the assay. These samples were selected to provide similar numbers of pre-tested sera ranging from negative to high positive results and included sera from vaccinated and/or naturally infected dogs. A high correlation was observed for detection of antibodies to B. burgdorferi in the single and multiplex assays (n=79). Spearman's rank correlations were 0.93, 0.88 and 0.96 for OspA, OspC and OspF, respectively. Second, a total of 188 canine serum samples that were not tested previously were used for further multiplex assay validation. All samples were also blindly analyzed for antibodies to B. burgdorferi antigens by WB. The WB results provided a 'relative gold standard' for each antigen and were used to perform a receiver operating curve analysis. The areas under the curves were 0.93 for OspA, 0.82 for OspC, and 0.89 for OspF. Multiplex assay interpretation ranges for antibodies to all three B. burgdorferi antigens in canine serum were established by likelihood analysis. The diagnostic sensitivities of the individual OspA, OspC and OspF bead-based assays were 83%, 62% and 82%, respectively, and the diagnostic specificities were 90%, 89% and 86%, respectively. The new multiplex assay provides a sensitive and fully quantitative platform for the simultaneous evaluation of antibodies to B. burgdorferi OspA, OspC and OspF antigens and distinguishes between antibodies that originated from vaccination or natural exposure to B. burgdorferi.     

PCV2、PRV和PRRSV多重PCR方法的建立及其应用

根据GenBank登录的猪伪狂犬病毒（PRV）、猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）的参考基因序列,设计3对引物分别用于扩增PCV2的ORF2基因、PRV的gE基因、PRRSV的N基因的目的片段,通过优化反应中各个影响因素,建立了PRV、PCV2、PRRSV的多重PCR（mPCR）检测方法。敏感性和特异性的结果表明,该方法对这3种病毒的最低核酸检出量分别为32.5（PRV）、25.2（PCV2）、35.9pg（PRRSV）。该方法对猪流感病毒（SIV）、猪圆环病毒1型（PCV1）、大肠杆菌、猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪流行性腹泻病毒（TGE）等病毒的检测结果均为阴性。200份临床样品的多重PCR结果表明,PCV2感染率为80%（160/200）,PRV感染率为21%（42/200）,PRRSV的感染率为78%（156/200）。200份临床样品主要为PCV2和PRRSV混合感染,阳性率达56.0%（112/200）。该方法的建立对这3种病毒病的早期快速检测和指导临床实践具有十分重要的意义。     

猪附红细胞体特异性基因的克隆和PCR诊断方法的建立

根据2003年Hoelzle发表的猪附红细胞体的基因组序列（AJ504999）设计一对特异性引物,对病料样品进行PCR扩增并将其产物克隆到pMD18-T载体后测序,结果表明扩增出的片段为603bp,同源性分析表明该序列与参考基因组序列同源性为100％,反映出我国分离株与国外株其基因无差异,特异性和敏感性试验表明,所建立的PCR诊断方法与常见的支原体、细菌及原虫无交叉反应,能检测到猪附红细胞体血液基因组DNA最低量为0．65ng／mL,该方法具有快速、特异、敏感等特点,为猪附红细胞体病的快速诊断及流行病学调查提供了新的手段。     

羊附红细胞体巢式PCR检测方法的建立及临床应用

根据GenBank上发表的羊附红细胞体16SrRNA基因序列（登录号AF338268）设计2对引物,用巢式PCR方法扩增16SrRNA的部分序列,将目的片段克隆并测序。测序结果与AF338268相似性达99%以上,只有3bp的差异。该方法与猪附红细胞体、羊肺炎支原体、链球菌、葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均无交叉反应,能检测到的最低DNA量为25fg。用于检测的28份临床样本中,23份为阳性。所建立的巢式PCR检测方法具有较高的敏感性和特异性,可用于羊附红细胞体病急性感染和隐性感染的早期诊断,为该病的临床检测、流行病学调查、进出口检疫和实验室研究提供了新的技术手段。     

多重PCR方法快速检测3种消化道病原菌

为建立一种检测和鉴别诊断动物奇异变形杆菌、沙门氏菌和产气荚膜梭菌感染的方法,本研究针对奇异变形杆菌脲酶调节子基因(ureR)、沙门氏菌侵袭蛋白A基因(invA)及产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因(α-toxin)序列设计引物,建立一种同时检测3种细菌的多重PCR方法,并对扩增体系和条件进行了优化,建立的多重PCR检测方法特异性良好,对3种目的菌最低检出限均在105cfu/mL以上。初步应用该方法检测3种细菌单独人工感染小鼠的病变组织和人工模拟细菌混合感染的临床样品,结果证明该方法可以用于临床样本检测。     

牛分枝杆菌三重PCR检测方法的建立

为建立快速检测牛分枝杆菌(M.bovis)的三重PCR方法,本研究以M bovis ValleeⅢ株染色体DNA 为模板,分别以其recA、IS6110、IS1081基因特异性引物进行PCR扩增,建立检测M.bovis的recA-IS6110-IS1081三重PCR反应.通过PCR扩增获得大小约为860 bp、520bp和340 bp的DNA片段.BLAST序列分析表明,这3个基因片段与GenBank中登录的相关基因的核苷酸序列同源性均达到99%.同时,recA、IS6110和IS1081PCR扩增的敏感性分别达到585fg、19.5fg和19.5fg.特异性较强,只有M.bovis和人结核临床分离株扩增反应为阳性,为进一步研究recA、IS6110和IS1081基因以及其在牛结核病诊断中的应用奠定了基础.     

检测PRV野毒株、PCV-2及PPV多重PCR方法的建立及初步应用

根据GenBank中的猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)gE、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)ORF2、猪细小病毒(PPV)VP2基因序列,设计了3对引物,成功建立了检测PRV野毒株、PCV-2和PPV的多重PCR诊断方法,扩增产物分别为288 bp、419 bp、681 bp。敏感性、特异性试验结果显示,该PCR对3种病毒的最低核酸检测量分别为PRV 48.2 pg/L、PCV-2 36.7 pg/L、PPV 0.25 ng/L,而PRV(gE基因缺失株)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、大肠杆菌的扩增结果均为阴性。对87份自然感染病猪样品的检测结果表明,该多重PCR检测结果与单一PCR检测结果完全符合。结果表明,该多重PCR方法具有很好的特异性和敏感性,可用于临床PRV野毒株和gE基因缺失疫苗株、PCV-2和PPV的检测。     

食品中常见病原菌多重PCR检测方法的建立

根据基因库中沙门氏菌、空肠弯曲杆菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌和大肠杆菌O157：H7的invA、MapA、hlyA和O gene cluster基因分别设计了4对引物,通过对反应条件的优化,建立了同时检测4种病原菌的多重PCR方法。结果表明,该多重PCR方法可扩增出四条特异性条带,并且任意两条产物片段长度相差大于20％。多重PCR反应体系检测四种病原菌混合模板最低含量为100 CFU。该多重PCR检测方法具有快速、准确和特异性强的优点,可用于快速检测食品中的病原菌。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征3种毒株多重PCR检测方法的建立

根据猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)基因序列设计2对特异性引物,第1对通用引物扩增美洲型经典毒株和变异毒株Nsp2基因(466bp/376bp),第2对引物特异性扩增欧洲型毒株ORF7基因(580bp)。反应条件优化后,建立了能够同时检测美洲型经典毒株、美洲型变异毒株和欧洲型毒株的多重PCR检测方法。该方法可以特异性扩增3种毒株的基因,目的基因片段大小差异在90bp以上便于电泳观察,重组质粒标准品检测下限为1.93×103拷贝。应用该方法检测183份临床疑似病例,结果 PRRSV阳性35份,其中美洲型经典株2份,美洲型变异株31份,欧洲型毒株3份,美洲型变异株和欧洲型毒株混合感染1份。表明建立的多重PCR检测方法具有快速、准确、敏感等优点,对PRRSV 3种毒株的快速诊断有十分重要的意义。     

猪源粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌多重PCR快速鉴定方法的建立

粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌是引起猪感染发病的优势肠球菌种,以肠球菌的16S rRNA基因设计属特异性引物,利用SodA基因多态性设计种特异性引物,同时优化反应条件,建立了能同时测定猪源粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌多重PCR方法。通过特异性和敏感性分析,该方法能扩增出肠球菌属特异性片段及粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌种特异性片段;对粪肠球菌敏感性为0...     

山羊和绵羊嗜血支原体PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为建立羊嗜血支原体(M.ovis)病快速检测方法,本实验根据GenBank中登录的羊M.ovis 16S rRNA基因序列设计一对引物,以山羊和绵羊M.ovis基因组DNA为模板,建立M.ovis PCR检测方法,并进行特异性、敏感性及临床应用试验。结果显示,建立的M.ovis PCR检测方法扩增片段大小为508 bp,与GenBank中M.ovis参考株同源性达99%以上,该方法与猪嗜血支原体、牛嗜血支原体等病原体无交叉反应,最低检测40个拷贝的DNA;通过对延边地区60份山羊和绵羊血液样本的检测结果表明,建立的PCR检测方法具有特异、敏感、准确等优点,完全适用于M.ovis的检测。     

绵羊肺炎支原体和溶血性曼氏杆菌双重PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为建立同时检测绵羊肺炎支原体(MO)和溶血性曼氏杆菌(Mh)的方法,本研究根据MO的hsp70基因和Mh的gcp基因分别设计引物,建立了同时检测这两种病原的双重PCR检测方法.实验结果显示该方法能够特异性的扩增MO (135 bp)和Mh (227 bp) DNA片段,其最低检出量分别为2.06×103拷贝/μL和6.37 c fu/mL,与单一PCR相同.该方法对常见的致病菌无交叉反应.对临床样本的检测结果显示MO和Mh的检出率分别为56.25％和52.50％,与单独PCR符合率为100％.研究结果表明,本研究所建立的双重PCR检测方法具有特异性强、敏感性高等特点,为临床上MO和Mh混合感染的快速检测、鉴定以及流行病学调查提供了方便、快捷、准确的方法.     

Development and evaluation of a multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in culture fisheries

Bacterial cold water disease, enteric red mouth disease and frunculosis are the common bacterial diseases of fish worldwide. The etiologic agents of these diseases are Flavobacterium (F.) psychrophilum, Yersinia (Y.) ruckeri and Aeromonas (A.) salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, respectively. In this study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) method with YER8/10-Fer3/4-FP1/3 primer pairs which can identify these fish pathogens simultaneously was developed and optimized. In optimized conditions, neither false specific nor nonspecific amplification occurred. The detection limits of the m-PCR method using DNA extracts from dilutions of pure cultures of bacteria were 35 pg for Y. ruckeri and F. psychrophilum and 70 pg for A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. It was determined that 15 CFU Y. ruckeri and F. psychrophilum and 30 CFU A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida could be detected by m-PCR developed using genomic DNA extracted from dilutions of the suspensions. The detection limits in the presence of tissue debris were 125 CFU for Y. ruckeri and F. psychrophilum and 250 CFU for A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. In conclusion, we submit that the m-PCR method developed and optimized in this study can be used for accurate and rapid identification of these bacteria.     

Development of a single-round and multiplex PCR method for the simultaneous detection of Babesia caballi and Babesia equi in horse blood

With the aim of developing more simple diagnostic alternatives, a differential single-round and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was designed for the simultaneous detection of Babesia caballi and Babesia equi, by targeting 18S ribosomal RNA genes. The multiplex PCR amplified DNA fragments of 540 and 392 bp from B. caballi and B. equi, respectively, in one reaction. The PCR method evaluated on 39 blood samples collected from domestic horses in Mongolia yielded similar results to those obtained from confirmative PCR methods that had been established earlier. Thus, the single-round and multiplex PCR method offers a simple tool for the differential diagnosis of B. caballi and B. equi infections in routine diagnostic laboratory settings as well as in epidemiological studies.     

SS-2、APP和PM多重PCR检测方法的建立与应用

猪链球菌2型(SS-2)、猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)、多杀性巴氏杆菌(PM)是引起"猪无名高热症"的部分病原菌,为建立可以同时检测SS-2、APP和PM的多重PCR快速诊断方法,根据GenBank中公布的有关基因序列,设计了3对引物分别用于扩增CPS2J(SS-2),ApxIVA(APP),KMT1(PM)基因的片段。敏感性和特异性结果表明,本方法对3种病原菌的最低DNA检测量分别为48.3pg(SS-2),581pg(APP),5pg(PM),而对大肠杆菌、沙门菌、猪附红细胞体、刚地弓形虫的扩增结果均为阴性。35份临床样品的多重PCR检测结果表明,有7例SS-2,5例APP,7例PM,与生化试验的鉴定结果一致。表明所建立的多重PCR方法能够对SS-2、APP和PM单个或混合感染的临床样品进行快速鉴别诊断。