ESR基因多态性对不同胎次的大白猪母猪产活仔数的影响

为了研究ESR基因对大白猪经产母猪整个生产周期的影响并应用于猪繁殖性状改良,试验检测了该基因在472头大白猪经产母猪中的多态性分布,并根据基因分型结果分析了不同基因型对该群体1774胎产活仔数的影响。结果表明,AA、AB、BB基因型频率为0.206、0.572、0.222,AB基因型为优势基因型;A、B基因频率为0.493、0.507,B等位基因为优势等位基因。通过对不同胎次的分析发现,头胎AB基因型个体的产活仔数高于AA、BB基因型个体;2胎BB基因型个体的产活仔数高于AA、AB基因型个体;3胎AB、BB基因型个体的产活仔数高于AA基因型个体;4～7胎AA基因型个体的产活仔数最多（5胎除外）,8胎及以上胎次AB基因型个体的产活仔数最多,呈现一定的规律性,但是各胎次内的差异均不显著。     

苏太猪ESR基因多态性及其与繁殖性能的关联分析

本研究采用PCR-RFLP方法对苏太猪的ESR基因PvuⅡ位点多态性进行检测,并分析其与繁殖性能间的关系。结果表明,ESR基因的3种基因型AA、AB、BB在苏太猪中的频率分别为0.089、0.570、0.341;其中在初产母猪中,AA基因型个体的产活仔数（NBA）和初生窝重（BLW）显著高于AB、BB 基因型的个体（P<0.05）;在经产母猪中,AA基因型个体的总产仔数（TNB）及断奶成活数（NW）显著高于AB和BB基因型的个体（P<0.05）,AA和AB 基因型与BB 基因型之间的断奶窝重（WWL）差异显著（P<0.05）;总体上苏太猪ESR基因PvuⅡ 3种基因型个体的繁殖性状存在AA>AB>BB的趋势。     

猪PRLR和FSHβ基因多态性检测及其与繁殖性状的关联分析

试验旨在研究催乳素受体（prolactin receptor,PRLR）和卵泡刺激素β（follicle-stimulating hormone β,FSHβ）基因的多态性及其与母猪繁殖性状的关联分析。采用PCR-RFLP方法对大白猪、杜洛克猪和长白猪3个猪种共487头母猪进行了PRLR和FSHβ基因多态性检验,并采用单因子方差分析、LSD法分析不同基因型与母猪总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶窝重和断奶窝仔数等繁殖性状的相关性。结果表明,PRLR基因在大白猪和长白猪中B等位基因均为优势基因,基因频率分别为0.717和0.548,大白猪BB基因型总产仔数显著高于AA基因型（P<0.05）,长白猪BB基因型断奶窝重显著高于AB基因型（P<0.05）;FSHβ基因在大白猪、杜洛克猪和长白猪3个猪种中B等位基因均为优势基因,基因频率分别为0.804、0.760和0.789,长白猪BB基因型总产仔数和产活仔数均显著高于AB基因型（P<0.05）,呈现BB>AA>AB趋势。因此,PRLR和FSHβ基因对荣昌猪场母猪繁殖性能有一定影响,可作为母猪繁殖性能分子选育的候选参考基因。     

FSHβ基因的多态性分布及其对大白猪产活仔数的影响

为了研究猪繁殖性状候选主效基因FSHβ在大白猪不同胎次中的遗传效应,并应用于大白猪繁殖性状的遗传改良,采用PCR方法检测了该基因在2个大白猪育种群共802头母猪中的多态性分布,并分析了其对产活仔数的影响,其中湖北天种公司大白猪群体样本数为472头,分析统计胎次1774胎,等位基因A的频率为0.447、等位基因B的频率为0.553;宜昌正大公司大白猪群为330头,分析统计胎次1644胎,等位基因A、B的频率分别为0.312、0.688。分析该位点的多态性与产活仔数的关系,结果发现,头胎不同基因型对产活仔数的影响为ABBBAA,二胎为AAABBB,经产胎次和所有胎次均为ABAABB,但差异均不显著。综合分析结果表明,A等位基因对大白猪产活仔数的影响要优于B等位基因,AB基因型母猪的产活仔数要优于其他2种基因型,提高生产猪群该基因的杂合子个体数比例有望取得更大的经济效益。     

4个猪繁殖性状候选基因对大白猪产活仔数的影响

为研究猪繁殖性状候选主效基因的遗传效应并应用于猪的繁殖性状改良,实验选择472头大白能繁母猪作为基础群,检测4个控制猪繁殖性状的候选主效基因ESR、FSHβ、PRLR和RBP4在该群体的多态性分布及其对产活仔数的影响.结果表明:除RBP4基因为AA纯合子外,ESR、PSHIS、PRLR 3个基因均存在不同程度的多态,并...     

Detection of novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CYP21 gene and association analysis of two SNPs for CYP21 and ESR2 with litter size in a commercial sow population

Altogether 129 F₁ sows from a commercial sow farm with at least four litters were genotyped for the oestrogen receptor 2 gene (ESR2) and cytochrome P450 hydroxylase 21 gene (CYP21) and investigated for associations on the litter‐size parameters: total number born and number born alive. Five novel polymorphisms were found in the 3′‐untranslated region for the CYP21 gene. Genotype and allele frequencies for the CYP21 (position 3462G > A) single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were 0.434 (GG), 0.504 (AG), 0.062 (AA) and 0.69 (G):0.31 (A), respectively. No association was found between this polymorphism and litter‐size parameters. For the ESR2 gene, the SNP in exon 5 associated with an amino acid substitution MET (allele A) > VAL (allele G) was investigated. Only two genotypes were found leading to allele frequencies of 0.34 (A):0.66 (G). Only number born alive piglets were significantly increased for the AG genotype (p = 0.034) with 11.64 piglets per sow and litter in comparison with the GG genotype, leading to only 10.96 piglets per sow and litter. From these data, it can be concluded that the investigated SNP of the ESR2 gene is associated with the number of liveborn piglets in the commercial population considered, and hence could be useful in selection for litter size. Therefore, this gene should be investigated in additional populations.     

大白猪和长白猪EPOR基因第4内含子多态性与繁殖性状的关联分析

本研究以大白猪和长白猪为研究对象,以促红细胞生成素受体（erythropoietin receptor,EPOR）基因作为产仔性状的候选基因,采用PCR-SSCP方法来检测EPOR基因第4内含子C＼T突变多态性,研究此位点多态性与猪繁殖性状之间的关联性。结果发现,在长白猪和大白猪中存在AA、AB和BB共3种基因型,在2个群体中处于中度多态。利用SAS 8.0软件采用最小二乘法拟合线性模型,将不同基因型与总产仔数（TNB）、产活仔数（NBA）和初生重（WB）进行了关联分析,结果表明,长白猪初产母猪BB基因型个体的WB显著高于AB、AA基因型个体（P＜0.05）;经产母猪BB基因型个体的TNB显著高于AB基因型个体（P＜0.05）;B等位基因对初产母猪TNB、NBA和WB均表现为正效应。大白猪初产母猪BB基因型个体的TNB、NBA和WB都高于AA型和AB型个体,但差异均不显著（P＞0.05）;经产母猪AB基因型个体的WB显著高于AA基因型个体（P＜0.05）;B等位基因对初产母猪TNB、NBA和WB都表现为正效应。     

四川省外种猪ESR基因对繁殖及生长性状的影响

试验以四川省外种母猪的 3个品种 (大约克、长白、杜洛克 )为研究对象 ,采用PCR -RFLps的方法测其ESR基因的PvuⅡ多态性 ,分析了该产仔数及生长性状之间的关系。结果表明 :初产胎次中 ,ESR基因型间总产仔数 (TNB)和产活仔数 (NBA)差异极显著 (P <0 0 1 ) ,BB和AA纯合子间TNB和NBA分别相差 5 97和 3 72头 ,基因加性效应分别应为每个B基因 2 98和 1 86头。对于经产胎次 ,总产仔数在AA ,AB基因与BB基因型的差异达到极显著水平 (P <0 0 1 ) ,产活仔数在AA基因型与BB基因型间差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ,TNB和NBA母猪每窝BB纯合子比AA纯合子分别多 3 6 8和 2 89头 ,基因的加性效应为每个B基因分别为 1 83和 1 4 4头。头胎和经产胎次ESR基因型在初生窝重、2 0日龄头数和窝重、30或 4 5日龄头数和窝重以及 70日龄窝重之间的差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ;但是以上 6个性状在ESR基因的 3种基因型间存在BB >AB >AA的趋势     

PRLR、RBP4基因多态性分布及其对大白猪产仔数的影响

为了研究猪繁殖性状候选主效基因PRLR、RBP4多态性在大白猪群中的遗传效应,并应用于遗传改良,试验检测了278头大白母猪的基因多态性分布,分析了2个基因多态性位点不同基因型与该群体1418胎总产仔数和产活仔数的遗传效应。结果表明,PRLR基因位点上优势等位基因为B,其频率为0.538;头胎、二胎和所有胎次各基因型母猪的总产仔数大小均为BBABAA,经产胎次各基因型母猪则为ABBBAA,但均没有显著差异,产活仔数的分析也得到了相似的结果;RBP4基因位点在该群体中均为AA型纯合子。     

四川省外种猪雌激素受体基因对繁殖和生长性状的影响

本试验以四川省外种母猪的 3个品种 (大约克、长白、杜洛克 )为研究对象 ,采用PCR RFLPs的方法检测其ESR基因的PvuⅡ多态性 ,分析了该基因与产仔数及生长性状之间的关系。结果表明 :初产胎次中 ,ESR基因型间总产仔数 (TNB)和产活仔数 (NBA)差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1) ,BB和AA纯合子间TNB和NBA分别相差 5 .97和 3.72头 ,基因加性效应分别为每个B基因 2 .98和 1.86头 ;对于经产胎次 ,总产仔数 (TNB)在AA、AB基因型与BB基因型的差异达到 0 .0 1的极显著水平 ,产活仔数 (NBA)在AA基因型与BB基因型间显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,TNB和NBA母猪每窝BB纯合子比AA纯合子分别多 3.6 8和 2 .89头 ,基因的加性效应为每个B基因分别为 1.84和 1.4 4头。头胎和经产胎次中ESR基因型在初生窝重、2 0日龄头数和窝重、30 / 4 5日龄头数和窝重以及 70日龄窝重之间的差异普遍不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但是以上 6个性状在ESR基因的 3种基因型间存在BB >AB >AA的趋势     

Influence of ESR,OPN and RBP4 Genes Polymorphisms on Reproductive Traits of Yorkshire Sows

To study the influence of estrogen receptor (ESR), osteopontin (OPN) and retinol binding proteins 4 (RBP4) genotypes on reproductive performance of Yorkshire sows, PCR-RLFP technique was used for genotyping, and the effects of genotypes on reproductive traits were analyzed. The results showed that A allele of ESR and OPN genes were predominant allele, and B allele of RBP4 gene was predominant allele. TNB,NBA of ESR gene AB and BB genotypes were higher than AA genotype;TNB of OPN gene AA genotype was the highest, but the NBA, NHB and WB for OPN gene genotypes were BB > AA > AB;The TNB,NBA,NHB and WB for RBP4 gene genotypes were AA > BB > AB. Then combing genotype analysis showed that ABAA of ESR-RBP4 and BBAA of OPN-RBP4 were the most prolific alleles, respectively. The present data revealed that ESR, OPN and RBP4 genes polymorphisms were associated with reproductive performance of Yorkshire sows.     

ESR、OPN和RBP4基因多态性对大白猪繁殖性状的影响

为了探讨雌激素受体（estrogen receptor,ESR）、骨桥蛋白（osteopontin,OPN）和视黄醇结合蛋白4（retinol binding proteins 4,RBP4）的多态性对大白猪繁殖性状的影响,本研究采用PCR-RFLP技术检测试验猪群ESR、OPN和RBP4基因的多态性,并分析其对大白猪总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、窝重、初生重、死胎、木乃伊、弱仔数和畸形数等性状的影响。结果显示,在大白经产母猪中,ESR和OPN基因的优势基因为A等位基因,RBP4基因的优势基因为B等位基因;ESR基因AB与BB基因型在总产仔数、产活仔数性状上均高于AA基因型;OPN基因在总产仔数性状上AA基因型最高,在产活仔数、健仔数、窝重性状上均为BB > AA > AB;RBP4基因在总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、窝重性状上均为AA > BB > AB;合并基因型分析发现ESR-RBP4最优的分子标记组合为ABAA;OPN-RBP4最优的分子标记组合为BBAA。因此,ESR、OPN和RBP4基因多态性与大白猪繁殖性状相关。     

FSHβ基因多态性对苏淮猪繁殖性能的影响

自行设计FSHβ上下游引物和插入序列引物,检测FSHβ插入突变在80头苏淮母猪中的分布情况。结果表明:在苏淮猪群体中没有AA型分布,B等位基因的频率为0.806;经与繁殖性状的相关性分析,AB型母猪的总产仔数为(12.13±2.01)头,高于BB型母猪的(11.00±2.11)头,差异显著(P<0.05);AB型母猪的产活仔数为(10.94±2.39)头,显著高于BB型母猪的(9.78±2.37)头(P<0.05);对产死胎数、断奶头数以及仔猪早期生长性状影响不显著。提示可将FSHβ基因作为繁殖性状的候选基因用于提高苏淮猪的产仔性能。     

淮猪新品系FSH β亚基基因多态性及其与产仔数的相关性研究

在212头淮猪新品系母猪群中进行FSH β亚基基因多态性及其与头胎产仔数性状的相关性分析,结果表明,在淮猪新品系母猪群中,FSH β亚基基因的A等位基因为优势等位基因,其基因频率为0.6085。在淮猪新品系母猪头胎产仔数性状上,FSH β亚基基因的AA基因型为有利基因型,AA型的头胎总产仔数比BB型高1.47头（P<0.01）,AA型的头胎产活仔数比BB型高1.15头（P<0.05）。     

Effects of prolactin receptor genotype on the litter size of Mangalica

The aim of this study was to detect different alleles of the prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene and to examine their effects on the litter size of the indigenous Hungarian pig, the Mangalica. G1789A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was investigated as a candidate for litter size. Samples from 80 purebred Mangalica sows and data of their 335 litters were provided by Olmos & Tóth Ltd. Hair follicles were used to isolate the required DNA. Allelic discrimination was performed by means of the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method using the AluI restriction enzyme and agarose gel electrophoresis. In the population examined, the A allele was found to be preferable in the Mangalica breed group. The most advantageous AA genotype was the least prevalent (8.75%), while the frequencies of AB and BB were 40% and 51.25%, respectively. Remarkably, the average number of piglets born alive per litter was 1.11 ± 0.39 higher in sows with AA as compared to those with BB genotype. By raising the frequency of the AA genotype, the litter size is likely to increase. However, the effect of PRLR genotypes can differ among pig breeds and even lines. Further studies may be required to observe and estimate possible pleiotropic effects of this polymorphism on other traits.     

The Association Analysis Between 4 Major Genes and Reproductive Traits in British Landrace Pigs

The purpose of this study was to identify candidate genes associated with reproduction traits and explore the available molecular marker in British Landrace pig breed. The PCR-RFLP technique was applied to analyze the distribution of estrogen receptor (ESR), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), leptin (LEP) and follicle-stimulating hormone β (FSHβ) genes in British Landrace pigs. The genetic effects of ESR, RBP4, LEP and FSHβ on the reproductive traits included total number born, number born alive, weaning weight of litter, weaning piglet, which were analyzed by using least square method of SPSS 19.0 software. This results demonstrated that A was dominant allele in ESR, RBP4, LEP genes, and B was dominant allele in FSHβ gene. The result of χ² test showed that the polymorphic sites of LEP, FSHβ genes were fit with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05), while this site of ESR and RBP4 were not fit with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.01). In addition, the statistical analysis indicated that the total number born, number born alive and number of alive weaning litter with BB genotype of LEP were higher than AA genotype, which were significantly increased by 1.3219, 1.6855 and 1.1710 (P<0.05), respectively;The FSHβ loci had a remarkable effect on reproductive performance, the average weaning weight with BB genotype was significantly higher than AA genotype, which was significantly increased by 5.1129 kg (P<0.05). The ESR and RBP4 loci had no significant effect on reproductive traits (P>0.05), while the LEP and FSHβ genes were valuable candidates for possible marker-assisted selection in British Landrace pigs population.     

4个主效基因与英系长白猪繁殖性能的相关性分析

为寻找有效的分子标记用于英系长白猪辅助育种进而提高其繁殖性能,在英系长白猪群（169头）中采用PCR-RFLP技术,进行雌激素受体（estrogen receptor,ESR）、视黄醛结合蛋白（retinol binding protein 4,RBP4）、瘦素（leptin,LEP）和促卵泡素亚基β（follicle-stimulating hormone β,FSHβ） 4种与繁殖性状相关基因的基因型频率检测,利用SPSS 19.0统计软件,采用最小二乘法将各基因不同基因型与总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶窝重、断奶头数进行了相关分析。结果显示,ESR、RBP4、LEP基因均以A为优势等位基因,FSHβ基因以B为优势等位基因,其中LEP、FSHβ基因多态位点符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律（P>0.05）,而ESR、RBP4基因多态位点处于Hardy-Weinberg不平衡状态（P<0.01）;LEP基因在长白猪母猪中表现为BB基因型为有利基因型,其总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶头数分别比AB基因型高1.3219、1.6855、1.1710头（P<0.05）;FSHβ基因中AA基因型为不利基因型,BB基因型断奶窝重比AA基因型高5.1129 kg（P<0.05）;ESR、RBP4基因对长白母猪繁殖性能均无显著影响（P>0.05）,而LEP、FSHβ基因可能作为有价值的候选基因应用于英系长白猪的分子标记辅助选择。     

长毛兔Kappa-casein基因多态性与生产性能关系的研究

实验对176只长毛兔群体的Kappa-casein基因的基因型和基因频率进行了检测,结果表明:等位基因A和B的频率分别为0.79与0.21,基因型BB在长毛兔群体中的频率为0.09,远低于基因型AA的频率0.66。同时对Kappa-casein基因与长毛兔的生产性能进行分析,表明Kappa-casein基因AA基因型和BB基因型的长毛兔在315日龄体重、21日龄窝重上差异显著(P<0.05),AB基因型和BB基因型的长毛兔产仔数差异显著(P<0.05)。     

猪催乳素受体基因第8内含子多态性及其对产仔性能的影响

采用PCR-SSCP技术检测了大白猪、长白猪、杜洛克猪、马身猪、山西黑猪和山西白猪等6个品种364头个体催乳素受体基因(prolactin,PRLR)第8内含子的多态性,并分析了多态位点对猪头胎产仔性能的影响。结果表明,猪PRLR基因第8内含子存在多态性,共检测到A、B、C 3个等位基因和AA、AB、AC、BB、BC和CC 6种基因型。在杜洛克猪、长白猪、山西黑猪和山西白猪群体中,A等位基因的频率最高,分别为0.8276、0.5439、0.5345和0.7669;而在大白猪和马身猪群体中,B等位基因的频率最高,分别为0.6894和0.7000;仅在大白猪、山西黑猪和山西白猪中检测到C等位基因,且频率较低,在0.0379~0.1385之间。PRLR基因型对母猪头胎产仔数有显著影响(P<0.05),对产活仔数的影响未达显著水平。AC基因型母猪的头胎产仔数和产活仔数显著高于BC基因型个体,而与AA、AB和BB基因型个体差异不显著。含有A等位基因的母猪的产仔性能优于不带有A等位基因的个体,表明A等位基因是有利于母猪产仔性能提高的等位基因,可应用于标记辅助选择来提高母猪的繁殖性能。     

Polymorphism of Mx1 Gene Exon 14 and its Relationship with Reproductive Performance in Meishan Pigs

To analyze the effect of different genotypes in Mx1 gene exon 14 on the reproductive performance in Meishan pigs,PCR-RFLP method was used to amplify DNA and detect the polymorphisms of Mx1 gene exon 14, and the relationship between different genotypes and the reproductive performance was further analyzed by generalized linear model (GLM) in this study.The results of PCR-RFLP showed that there was a G36T mutation on Hin6 Ⅰ restriction site in Mx1 gene exon 14 and three genotypes were detected named as AA,AB and BB,in which BB was a dominant genotype.The results of correlation analysis showed that the reproductive performance of three genotypes in Mx1 gene presented the increasing tendency of BB >AB >AA in total number born (TNB),number born alive (NBA),little size at weaning (LBW),birth weight (BW) and weaning weight (WW) in gilts sows on the whole.Moreover,there was significant difference in TNB,NBA,LBW and WW in gilts sows (P< 0.05).However,there was no significant difference among all reproductive performance in multiparous sows (P >0.05).The results of this study indicated that the polymorphisms of Mx1 gene exon 14 had significantly genetic effects on production performance in Meishan gilts sows instead of multiparous sows.