荆豆凝集素-1受体在犬子宫内的分布与激素调节

采用组织化学方法对荆豆凝集素-1(ulex europaeus agglutinin-1,UEA-1)受体在发情周期和早期妊娠犬子宫内的分布以及激素调节进行了研究。结果显示,UEA-1受体主要存在于犬子宫内膜腔上皮和腺上皮,其表达量随妊娠阶段的不同而发生动态性变化。UEA-1受体在休情期犬子宫内未见表达,而在发情期犬子宫内膜腔上皮和腺上皮内的表达量很高。在早期妊娠犬子宫内,在妊娠第6天和12天犬子宫内的表达量较低,此后其表达量逐渐增加,在妊娠第17天时,UEA-1受体在子宫内膜腔上皮和腺上皮内的表达量达到峰值,此后其表达量又逐渐下降,在妊娠第23天时未见表达。注射雌激素可明显促进卵巢切除后犬子宫内膜UEA-1受体的表达。结果表明,犬子宫内UEA-1受体的分布与胚胎着床前胚胎与子宫内膜之间的黏附和植入有关,UEA-1受体在犬子宫内的表达受母体分泌的激素所调控。     

花生凝集素受体在兔子宫内的分布与激素调节

采用组织化学方法对花生凝集素(peanut aggutinin,PNA)受体在兔发情周期和早期妊娠子宫内的分布以及雌、孕激素对其表达的影响进行了研究.结果显示,PNA受体主要存在于兔子宫内膜腔上皮和腺上皮,其表达量随妊娠阶段的不同而发生变化,PNA受体在休情期、发情期及妊娠第1天的兔子宫内未见表达,在妊娠第2至第4天时表达量逐渐增加,且在妊娠第3至4天时表达量最高,此后,在妊娠第5至7天时表达量逐渐减少,妊娠第7天时,着床区子宫内PNA受体的表达量略高于非着床区.假孕兔子宫内PNA受体的表达与正常妊娠时相似.注射孕酮可促进卵巢切除后兔子宫内膜PNA受体的表达,而注射雌激素对其表达有明显抑制作用.结果表明,PNA受体在兔子宫内的分布与着床前胚胎与子宫内膜之间的黏附有关,PNA受体在兔子宫内的表达受母体分泌的孕酮和雌激素所调节.     

白血病抑制因子（LIF）及其受体在月经 周期猕猴卵巢内的表达

应用免疫细胞化学方法对白血病抑制因子（leukemia inhibitory factor, LIF）、白血病抑制因子受体（leukemia inhibitory factor receptor, LIFR）和gp130在月经周期猕猴卵巢内的表达进行了研究。结果表明：LIF、LIFR和gp130在猕猴卵巢内的表达量随月经周期的不同而变化，LIF及其受体在增殖期卵巢内的表达量高于分泌期的卵巢。LIF及其受体在原始卵泡、腔前卵泡和有腔卵泡的卵细胞内表达量均较高，在颗粒细胞、卵泡膜、卵巢生殖上皮和卵巢基质中有少量表达，而在闭锁卵泡、退化的黄体和卵巢髓质中未见表达。LIF及其受体在猕猴卵巢内的表达可能受卵巢分泌的类固醇激素所调控，LIF可能通过自分泌或旁分泌的方式在猕猴卵泡发育及排卵等过程中起重要作用。     

Smad2在附植后早期绵羊子宫内膜和滋养层的分布

Smad2是TGFβ超家族蛋白的胞质内信号转导分子,以往的研究证实Smad2的mRNA表达和定位于大鼠、小鼠子宫。本项研究的目的是用免疫组织化学方法检测Smad2蛋白在附植早期（妊娠32天）绵羊子宫内膜的分布。选山西省太谷县本地绵羊,于秋季交配后32天（32 day post coitus, dpc）,解剖取材子宫和胎衣组织,制作石蜡切片,用免疫组织化学方法检测了Smad2蛋白在子宫内膜的分布。结果显示Smad2蛋白定位于子宫腔上皮、腺上皮和上皮下方的基质中;胚胎附植处Smad2高表达,胎衣滋养层组织也呈现Smad2强阳性表达。结论：Smad2表达于附植早期绵羊子宫内膜和滋养层,可能参与子宫内膜和附植后胚胎发育的调节。     

GlyCAM-1在自然发情绵羊子宫中的表达研究

旨在研究GlyCAM-1 在绵羊自然发情子宫组织中的表达变化,以期为周期发情绵羊子宫中GlyCAM-1 的表达受孕酮诱导调控的推测提供支持。运用实时荧光定量PCR和免疫印迹法对绵羊自然 发情后子宫第10、12、14、16 和18 天GlyCAM-1 mRNA和蛋白表达变化进行检测。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示：在绵羊发情后的第10~18 天之间,子宫组织中GlyCAM-1 的表达呈现先下降再上升的趋势,发情后的第10 天GlyCAM-1 在转录水平表达出现峰值,并且显著的高于另外4 个时段(P<0.05),第12 天GlyCAM-1 mRNA水平显著下降(P<0.05),第14~16 天的表达量保持相对恒定,第18 天GlyCAM-1 mRNA水平再次显著升高(P<0.05),但仍低于第10 天水平(P<0.05)。Western Blotting 检测结果显示：绵羊在自然发情后的第10~18 天,子宫内膜上的GlyCAM-1 蛋白表达量的变化亦呈现出先下降后上升的趋势,与其他4 个时间点相比第10 天的蛋白表达量达到峰值(P<0.05),第12~16 天GlyCAM-1 的蛋白表达量没有显著变化(P>0.05),GlyCAM-1 的蛋白表达量在第18 天显著升高(P<0.05)。GlyCAM-1 在转录与翻译水平的表达变化一致,呈现先下降后上升的趋势。该结果为周期发情绵羊子宫中GlyCAM-1 的表达可能受 孕酮诱导调控的推测提供支持。     

GlyCAM-1在人工诱导发情绵羊子宫的表达研究

为探讨GlyCAM-1在人工诱导发情绵羊子宫组织中的表达变化,应用荧光实时定量PCR和蛋白免疫印迹法检测在绵羊发情后第10、12、14、16、18天子宫组织中GlyCAM-1的表达情况。荧光实时定量PCR结果显示：GlyCAM-1 mRNA表达量在第10~18天呈现先减少后增加的趋势,其中绵羊发情后第10天GlyCAM-1 mRNA的相对表达量最大,显著高于其他4个时间点(P<0.05),第12天显著降低 (P<0.05),之后相对保持恒定,到第18天又显著升高(P<0.05)。Western blot检测结果证实,GlyCAM-1蛋白约34 kD,子宫组织中GlyCAM-1蛋白表达量在第10~18天亦呈现先逐渐减少然后又逐渐增加的波动趋势,其中发情第10天蛋白表达量最多,显著高于其他4个时间点(P<0.05),第12、14、16天GlyCAM-1的表达量降低但变化不明显(P>0.05),第18天表达量显著升高(P<0.05)。在绵羊发情后第10~18天,GlyCAM-1在子宫的转录、表达呈现先减少后增加的波动变化趋势。     

Wnt7a和孕酮受体在人工受精奶牛受孕前后表达规律研究

旨在筛选奶牛早期妊娠诊断标志因子,将奶牛早期妊娠检测时间窗口提前提供理论基础,从而提高奶牛养殖经济效益。北京某牛场选10头荷斯坦奶牛,在输精后第1、4、7、10、13、16、19天取血,通过荧光定量PCR和western blotting方法分析Wnt7a和PR的表达趋势和变化规律。通过直检对10头荷斯坦奶牛的怀孕检测,其中有7头受孕3头未受孕。通过检测受孕和未孕的奶牛血液中Wnt7a基因和PR基因的表达量,发现Wnt7a基因在受孕奶牛血液中的表达量均高于未孕奶牛,特别是输精后第7天受孕奶牛的表达量显著增高,Wnt7a的蛋白质水平表达呈现出类似趋势;PR基因在全部10头奶牛中呈现出从输精后第一天表达开始降低,并一直维持一个很低的表达状态。Wnt7a具有作为奶牛早期妊娠诊断标志因子的潜质,其优势在于将检测窗口提前到输精后的第7天;PR不具有作为标志因子的优势。通过探究影响早期妊娠的相关因子变化规律,可以为孕检的时间窗口提前到早期妊娠阶段提供理论依据。     

自制有机碘栓对獭兔子宫内膜炎治疗研究

研究自制有机碘栓对獭兔子宫内膜炎治疗效果。通过子宫灌注致病性大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、链球菌、沙门氏菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌等混合菌液,复制獭兔子宫内膜炎病理模型。分别于1天,3天,5天按0.01g/kg体重(按有效碘计算)子宫投放有机碘栓进行治疗,观察其用药前后的临床症状、子宫形态、子宫内膜病理学变化,并测定血清SOD,MDA,GSH-Px等生化指标。投药后第4天阴门肿胀及阴道充血逐渐消退,子宫分泌物逐渐减少;子宫颈和子宫角轻微肿胀,宫腔内有少量透明分泌物;子宫内膜较完整,上皮细胞结构基本正常。治疗组在第4天血清SOD和GSH-Px活力均高于病理对照组,差异显著(P0.05);第6天血清SOD活力高于病理对照组,差异显著(P0.05),而血清GSH-Px活力高于病理对照组,差异极显著(P0.01),血清MDA含量低于病理对照组,差异极显著(P0.01)。有机碘栓可有效治疗獭兔子宫内膜炎。     

β-catenin在人工诱导发情绵羊子宫的表达研究

为探讨β-catenin在人工诱导发情绵羊子宫组织中的表达情况,本试验采用实时荧光定量PCR与半定量PCR检测绵羊发情后第10、12、14、16、18天子宫组织中β-catenin mRNA的表达情况。实时荧光定量PCR与半定量PCR结果显示:2种检测方法均能检测出不同时期的绵羊子宫中β-catenin mRNA表达,其中绵羊发情后第10天β-catenin mRNA的相对表达量最大,显著高于其他4个时间点(P0.05),第12天相对表达量显著降低(P0.05),之后相对保持恒定,到第18天又显著升高(P0.05)。结果表明:实时荧光定量PCR与半定量PCR均可用于检测绵羊子宫组织中β-catenin mRNA的相对表达量;在绵羊发情后第10~18天,β-catenin在子宫中的呈现先减少后增加的波动变化趋势。     

青虾transformer-2基因RNA干扰规律的研究

通过对青虾性别调控相关基因transformer-2（tra-2）的RNA干扰规律进行研究,探讨了tra-2 基因RNA干扰的最适注射部位、注射剂量、干扰效果以及干扰规律等。通过对青虾肌肉、心脏、围心腔和眼柄基部注射比较发现,围心腔注射死亡率最低,适宜RNA干扰研究。采用4 μg/g 的dsRNA剂量进行时间依赖性干扰试验,RT-PCR检验注射后第1,7,14 天的卵巢tra-2 表达量,结果显示第7 天基因表达量出现显著降低（P<0.05）。不同剂量水平（0.4 μg/g、4 μg/g 以及12 μg/g）干扰研究发现,0.4 μg/g dsRNA没有干扰结果,4 μg/g 和12 μg/g 剂量的干扰效果均显著。与4 μg/g 的剂量相比,12 μg/g 的dsRNA能在较短时间内起到明显的干扰效果,且能持续较长的时间,表明干扰规律会随着剂量的改变而变化。但两组tra-2的最低表达量分别为正常水平的23%和21%,无显著差异（P>0.05）。     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Reaction of tritordeum to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum

Summary Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases.