蜂胶对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的影响

将复制糖尿病模型的72只SD大鼠随机分为模型组、蜂胶水提液低剂量组(WSP1),蜂胶水提液高剂量组(WSP2)、蜂胶醇提液低剂量组(EEP1)、蜂胶醇提液高剂量组(EEP2)和阳性对照组,另取12只为正常组.除正常组和模型组外,各组分别给予不同的试验药物.给药7周后,抽血测生化指标,同时取肾脏,计算肾脏/体重.结果发现蜂胶能降低糖尿病大鼠的尿酸、尿素、肌酐水平,并且蜂胶给药组大鼠的肾重/体重均比模型组低,表明蜂胶对糖尿病机体内的肾脏组织具有保护作用.     

蜂胶对正常小鼠血糖的影响

将90只ICR小鼠随机分为模型组、蜂胶水提液低剂量组(WSPI)、蜂胶水提液高剂量组(WSP2)、蜂胶醇提液低剂量组(EEP1)、蜂胶醇提液高剂量组(EEP2)和阳性对照组(拜糖苹)，首先测空腹血糖，然后给予不同的受试药物，1周后，所有小鼠禁食测空腹血糖，然后给予饲料，2h后测餐后血糖。结果发现，蜂胶对正常小鼠的空腹血糖和餐后血糖影响不显著，表明蜂胶对正常小鼠的血糖没有影响。     

花粉、蜂胶对糖尿病SD大鼠的影响

以花粉、蜂胶水提液、蜂胶醇提液为材料，测定和比较了花粉和不同提取方法的蜂胶对糖尿病SD大鼠血糖的影响以及给药4周后对果糖胺、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、肌酐、丙二醛、白蛋白、总蛋白的影响，以及各组动物的肾重／体重。结果表明。花粉、蜂胶能在一定时间内控制血糖；花粉对肾脏具有一定的保护作用。花粉、蜂胶均能降低果糖胺、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、肌酐、丙二醛水平；减少总蛋白，白蛋白的消耗，说明花粉、蜂胶能改善糖尿病大鼠体内糖、蛋白质、脂肪代谢，减少糖尿病并发症的危害。     

蜂胶对糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响

将复制糖尿病模型的 72只SD大鼠随机分为模型组 ,蜂胶水提液低剂量组、高剂量组 ,蜂胶醇提液低剂量组、高剂量组和阳性对照组 (拜糖苹 ) ,另取 12只为正常组。除正常组和模型组外 ,各组分别给予不同的试验药物。给药过程中 ,每周取血一次 ,测空腹血糖 ,给药 7周后 ,取血测定空腹血糖和果糖胺。试验结果表明 ,蜂胶水提液和醇提液均能控制糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖的升高 ,并且随着时间的延长效果越来越明显。     

不同方法提取的蜂胶液调节血脂作用的实验研究

测定和比较了蜂胶水提液、蜂胶醇提液对实验性高脂血症IRC小鼠血脂及脂蛋白的影响。结果表明，不同的蜂胶提取液均能有效抑制高脂血症ICR小鼠血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL—C）的升高，蜂胶醇提液能显著提高血清高密度脂蛋白（HDL—C）浓度，表明蜂胶能够改善高脂血症小鼠的脂肪代谢。     

日本鹌鹑血清蛋白浓度的变化和遗传参数分析

为了获得日本鹌鹑的选育基础资料,试验从采用闭锁繁育群中随机挑选公母鹑各60羽和1公、3母鹑组合20组中培育出的254羽公鹑后代,进行血清蛋白浓度变化和8周龄时公鹑的血清蛋白浓度遗传参数分析。结果表明:随周龄的增加公母鹑血清总蛋白浓度含量均升高。在公母鹑6周龄时白蛋白浓度达到最高值,公鹑在6周龄后球蛋白浓度显著减少(P0.05);而2~8周龄时母鹑球蛋白浓度升高。随周龄增大公母鹑A/G比值均减少。8周龄时公鹑总蛋白浓度为2.5 g/dL、白蛋白浓度为0.8 g/dL、球蛋白浓度为1.7 g/dL、A/G比值为0.48;遗传力分别为0.144,0.223,0.205,0.260。总蛋白浓度、球蛋白浓度间和白蛋白浓度、A/G比值间差异显著(P0.05)以及体重与总蛋白浓度、球蛋白浓度间均表现为正相关。说明以总蛋白质含量高或球蛋白浓度大为选育目标时选育结果体重较大。     

湟源波航黄牛血清蛋白质的测定

采用折射计法和醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳法对 3 9头湟源县波航乡本地黄牛的血清蛋白质及其组分进行测定。结果 :总蛋白 70 .5 6± 5 .7g/L ,白蛋白 3 6.95± 4.89g/L ,球蛋白 3 3 .61± 4.78g/L ,血清蛋白质组分 ( %) ,白蛋白 (A) ,5 2 .40± 6.0 7,α1 球蛋白 3 .5 1± 1.3 4 ,α2 球蛋白 9.12± 2 .2 7,β 球蛋白 8.0 8± 2 .48,γ 球蛋白 2 6.87± 5 .5 5 ;白蛋白与球蛋白之比(A/G) 1.11± 0 .2 8。     

蜂胶的抗病原微生物作用

蜂胶的抗病原微生物作用是蜂胶最重要的生物学活性之一。不同提取方法得到的蜂胶提取物都有显著的抗病原微生物作用,包括抗细菌、真菌、寄生虫、病毒。对近十多年来蜂胶醇提物(EEP)、蜂胶水提物(WEP)和其他类型蜂胶提取物的抗病原微生物作用的相关研究进展进行综述,以期为蜂胶抗病原微生物活性的进一步研究以及开发利用提供参考。     

萨福克羊血清中蛋白含量与超排效果相关性研究

本研究旨在了解萨福克羊供体血清中蛋白含量与超排效果的变化规律及二者间相关性。分2批次采集2～4岁,健康、无繁殖疾病的45只和60只萨福克供体母羊超排前1 d的外周血,分离血清后测定总蛋白、球蛋白、白蛋白、白球比等生理指标,与最终冲胚数据(包括黄体数、回收总卵数、可用胚胎数、可用胚率)进行相关性分析,并对不同回收总卵数分组进行多重比较。结果表明:高回收总卵数组的总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白极显著低于低回收总卵数组,即高回收总卵数组蛋白浓度较低,并且随着总蛋白、球蛋白、白蛋白浓度的升高,回收总卵数和可用胚胎数均呈下降趋势。本研究同时建立了总蛋白对回收总卵数的最优回归模型y=137.571-2.971x+0.016x2,为利用血清总蛋白预测回收总卵数提供参考依据。     

不同方法提取的蜂胶液中总黄酮含量的测定及其药理学研究

测定了不同方法提取的蜂胶液中黄酮类化合物的含量,并观察了黄酮类化合物含量较高的蜂胶醇提液和水提液对小鼠S180实体瘤模型、小鼠肉芽肿模型、大鼠急性关节炎模型和大鼠急性胸膜炎模型的影响.结果发现,在乙醇提取中,80%的乙醇提取液中的黄酮类化合物含量最高,达51.36mg/mL;特有水提的黄酮类化合物含量是普通水提含量的6.7倍.在相同剂量的情况下,蜂胶水提液和醇提液的抗炎和抗肿瘤效果差异不大甚至优于醇提.由于水提物刺激性小,易于调味,是一种极具开发潜力的提取方式.     

蜂胶乙醇提取物抗四氧嘧啶对大鼠损伤的效果研究

目的:研究蜂胶乙醇提取物在用四氧嘧啶制造糖尿病大鼠模型过程中的保护作用。方法:对大鼠进行分组。用蜂胶对大鼠进行连续灌胃,30天后,对大鼠注射四氧嘧啶,观察各组大鼠的状态及血糖变化;观察蜂胶对糖尿病大鼠模型的影响。结果:实验前后分别测定各组大鼠的空腹血糖,蜂胶灌胃组跟对照组相比较,蜂胶灌胃组能明显降低大鼠的血糖,蜂胶灌胃组大鼠跟模型组大鼠相比较P<0.01,大鼠状态明显较好;蜂胶能明显降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖。结论:蜂胶能调节血糖,预防和治疗糖尿病。     

不同鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠免疫机能影响的研究

研究了鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠免疫器官指数、血清球蛋白含量和巨噬细胞吞噬率及吞噬指数的影响。结果表明,鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠胸腺和脾脏指数影响不显著(P>0.05);但提高了老年雄性大鼠血清球蛋白含量,其中鹿胎制剂Ⅰ号组最高,比对照组高出62.64%,与其他各组相比有显著差异(P<0.05);鹿胎制剂Ⅱ号组和人胎盘粉处理组大鼠巨噬细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数与对照组相比有极显著提高(P<0.01),说明鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠具有提高免疫机能的作用。     

Various protein and albumin corrections of the serum fructosamine concentration in the diagnosis of canine diabetes mellitus

Fructosamines are formed when glucose reacts non-enzymatically with amino groups on proteins, and previous studies have indicated that the serum fructosamine concentration could be of importance in the diagnosis of canine diabetes mellitus. Owing to the connection between the protein/albumin concentration and serum fructosamine concentration, it has been suggested that the serum fructosamine concentration should be corrected for the protein/albumin concentration. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the uncorrected serum fructosamine concentration and various protein and albumin corrections of the serum fructosamine concentration in the separation of dogs with diabetes mellitus from dogs with other diseases that presented with clinical signs suggestive of diabetes mellitus. The evaluation was assisted by relative operating characteristic curves (ROC curves), which may be used to compare various diagnostic tests under equivalent conditions (equal true positive ratios or false positive ratios) and over the entire range of cutoff values. A total of 58 dogs (15 dogs with diabetes mellitus and 43 dogs with other diseases) were included in the study. Serum fructosamine concentration, serum total protein concentration and serum albumin concentration were measured in each dog, and various corrections of the serum fructosamine concentration for protein or albumin concentration were made. Comparing the ROC curves of the uncorrected and each corrected serum fructosamine concentration indicated that there was no decisive difference between the uncorrected and the corrected serum fructosamine concentrations in discriminating between dogs with and without diabetes mellitus. Hence, correcting the serum fructosamine concentration as a routine procedure cannot be advocated from the results of the study. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of the uncorrected serum fructosamine concentration were very high, 0.93 and 0.95, respectively, further evidence of the value of the uncorrected serum fructosamine concentration in the diagnosis of canine diabetes mellitus.Abbreviations SFC serum fructosamine concentration - SFC-P serum fructosamine concentration corrected for the actual serum total protein concentration - SFC-A serum fructosamine concentration corrected for the actual serum albumin concentration - SFC-Po serum fructosamine concentration corrected for the actual serum total protein concentration, only when the serum total protein concentration is outside the reference interval - SFC-Ao serum fructosamine concentration corrected for the actual serum albumin concentration, only when the serum albumin concentration is outside the reference interval - SFC-K serum fructosamine concentration corrected according to Kawamotoet al. (1992)     

Separation of serum glycated proteins by agarose gel electrophoresis and nitroblue tetrazolium staining in diabetic and normal cats

BACKGROUND: The total glycated protein (fructosamine) concentration in serum consists mainly of glycated albumin and lipoproteins. Measurement of fructosamine is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes mellitus in cats. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to measure glycated proteins in diabetic and healthy (nondiabetic) cats using a semiquantitative technique and to determine whether measurement of any of the fractions of glycated protein could be potentially advantageous for the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetic cats. METHODS: Serum samples from 6 cats with diabetes mellitus and 10 clinically healthy adult cats were assayed for total glycated protein using a nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) fructosamine assay. Serum proteins were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and stained with NBT to identify individual glycated proteins within the bands. Gels were scanned by densitometry at 525 nm and the glycated protein content was calculated with reference to the total glycated protein content of the sample. RESULTS: Diabetic cats with increased total fructosamine concentrations had higher concentrations of glycated albumin and glycated alpha- and beta-lipoproteins compared with healthy cats. The concentration of glycated proteins in each of the fractions had a positive linear association with the total glycated protein content of serum, but there was large variation in the relative contributions of the 3 protein fractions to the total glycated protein concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, measurement of individual glycated fractions does not seem to offer any potential diagnostic advantage over measurement of total glycated protein (fructosamine) concentration alone. In some diabetic and healthy cats, glycated lipoproteins formed the major part of the total glycated protein, whereas in other cats albumin was the major contributor.     

Diagnostic significance of serum glycated albumin in diabetic dogs

Measurements of serum fructosamine, glycated hemoglobin, and glycated albumin (GA) are increasingly used to complement serum glucose concentration for better management of diabetes mellitus. Fructosamine tests are currently not performed in veterinary medicine in Japan. As such, the measurement of GA may serve as a replacement test. Therefore, in the current study, serum GA and fructosamine were evaluated for a positive correlation in dogs, and, depending on the correlation, a reference range of GA percentage would also be determined from healthy control dogs. The degree of glycemic control in diabetic dogs was determined by fructosamine concentration. A positive correlation between GA and fructosamine was observed with both normal and diabetic animals. In addition, the reference interval of serum GA percentage in control dogs was determined to be 11.4-11.9% (95% confidence interval). Interestingly, no significant difference in serum GA percentages was observed between samples from diabetic dogs with excellent glycemic control and control dogs. However, good, fair, and poor glycemic control diabetic dogs resulted in a significant increase in serum GA percentages in comparison with control dogs. These results suggest that serum GA may be a useful diagnostic indicator, substituting for fructosamine, to monitor glycemic control in diabetic dogs.     

Relation of fructosamine to serum protein, albumin, and glucose concentrations in healthy and diabetic dogs.

The relation of the glycated serum protein, fructosamine, to serum protein, albumin, and glucose concentrations was examined in healthy dogs, dogs with hypo- or hyperproteinemia, and diabetic dogs. Fructosamine was determined by use of an adaptation of an automated kit method. The reference range for fructosamine in a composite group of control dogs was found to be 1.7 to 3.38 mmol/L (mean +/- SD, 2.54 +/- 0.42 mmol/L). Fructosamine was not correlated to serum total protein, but was highly correlated to albumin in dogs with hypoalbuminemia. To normalize the data with respect to albumin, it is suggested that the lower limit of the reference range for albumin concentration (2.5 g/dl) be used for adjustment of fructosamine concentration and only in hypoalbuminemic dogs. In 6 hyperglycemic diabetic dogs, fructosamine concentration was well above the reference range. It is concluded that although fructosamine may be a potentially useful guide to assess the average blood glucose concentration over the preceding few days in dogs, further study is required to establish its value as a guide to glucose control in diabetic dogs.     

Enhanced Urinary Bladder, Liver and Colon Carcinogenesis in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats in a Multiorgan Carcinogenesis Bioassay: Evidence for Mechanisms Involving Activation of PI3K Signaling and Impairment of p53 on Urinary Bladder Carcinogenesis

In the present study, modifying effects of diabetes on carcinogenesis induced in type 2 diabetes mellitus model Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were investigated using a multiorgan carcinogenesis bioassay. Our re sults demonstrated enhancement of urinary bladder, colon and liver carcinogenesis in ZDF rats treated with five types of carcinogens (DMBDD). Elevated insulin and leptin and decreased adiponectin levels in the serum may be responsible for the high susceptibility of type 2 diabetes mellitus model rats to carcinogenesis in these organs. Possible mechanisms of increased susceptibility of diabetic rats to bladder carcinogenesis could be activation of the PI3K pathway and suppression of p53 in the urothelium in consequence of the above serum protein alterations.