史密斯桉不同种源的引种试验研究

从原产地引入史密斯桉7个种源,以蓝桉、直干桉为对照,在云南亚热带地区的5个试点上进行史密斯桉不同种源的引种试验。5年的试验结果表明:史密斯桉在各试验点上的生长表现较好。其树高、胸径和材积的生长总体超过蓝桉和直干桉;各试验点的史密斯桉全年都在生长,一般以7月生长量最大,2月生长量最小;平均出油率分别超过蓝桉、直干桉69 89%和51 78%,桉叶油的1,8-桉叶素含量分别超过直干桉和蓝桉8 87%、11 14%。每公顷桉叶油产量超过蓝桉30 66%,超过直干桉9 17%,每公顷桉叶素产量分别超过蓝桉和直干桉45 25%和18 93%。史密斯桉不同种源间的树高、胸径和材积变异幅度较小,而种源内的变异幅度较大,为种源间变异的5～6倍。种源间树高、胸径、出油率、产叶量差异都达到显著或极显著水平,树高的地点与种源间存在极显著的交互作用;树高、胸径、材积、产叶量、出油率的种源遗传力分别为0 18、0 50、0 22、0 33、0 36;产叶量与胸径、冠幅、枝重成正相关,出油率、1,8-桉叶素含量这两个性状与其他各性状相关不显著,为相对独立的性状。根据树高表型值,分别选出适宜各试验点种植的优良种源;根据不同育种目的分别进行了用材林种源选择、油用林种源选择和材油兼用林种源选择。其中油用林种源选择效果最好,其桉叶素产量增益可     

史密斯桉无性系桉叶出油率及成分分析

本文对7个史密斯桉无性系桉叶的出油率进行了测定,对其精油成份进行了分析。结果表明：在7个史密斯桉无性系中,出油率在3．0％以上的有17号、2号、8号,出油率分别达到3．67％、3．61％、3．20％,出油率分别超过史密斯桉实生苗91．43％、88．62％、67．39％,分别超过蓝桉实生苗131．97％、128．18％、102．29％,具有较高的精油得率;精油成份分析表明：在7个史密斯桉无性系中1,8-枝叶素含量在80％以上的有4号、8号、7号、1号无性系,分别为82．85％、80.31％、80．26％、80．05％;以1,8-桉叶素产量为首选指标的综合分析表明,出油率是1,8-桉叶素产量的关键因素,出油率与1,8-桉叶素产量呈正相关。     

史密斯桉引种及种源试验初报

１９９５年，从澳大利亚引进史密斯桉主要分布区的７个种源，以云南省大部分地区生长表现较好的蓝桉、直干桉作对照，在云南省的东部、东南部、南部、中部和西部共设５个试验点进行多点引种和种源适应性的试验。经对５个试验点苗期及２５年生试验林适应性和生长表现的观测、分析，史密斯桉在试验点所示的区域内比较适生，尤其在滇东的陆良、滇中的禄丰、滇西的保山表现较好；引种的７个种源，以１５０６４、１８２８４和１８６８８号初期生长较好。初步确定了该树种引种的适生范围，并对各种源在各试验点上的苗期和幼树期的生长规律和差异有所了解。据测定，史密斯桉的桉叶出油率为１４２％，比蓝桉高１倍，比直干桉高１１２倍；桉油中的桉叶素含量比两个对照高出１８％。     

福建漳州芳香油桉树引种与种源试验

桉树属(Eucalyptus)树种繁多,共700多种,其中绝大多数为澳大利亚的特有树种。芳香油桉树是指以利用桉属树种的叶油腺细胞分泌出来的一种芳香油为主要生产目的的桉树树种。在澳大利亚,芳香油桉树的遗传资源非常丰富,桉叶油生产已有上百年历史。桉树芳香油在医药、日化工业、食品和化妆品生产中应用广泛。福建省是我国桉树芳香油的主要产区之一,主要是柠檬桉。为丰富我国南亚热带地区芳香油桉树基因资源,发掘其在森林生态系统中的应用潜力,中国林科院与澳大利亚国际农业研究中心(ACIAR)合作进行该试     

海口林场5种桉树幼林期的冻害恢复表现

2014年9月,对海口林场5种幼林期桉树的受冻害程度及冻害后恢复情况进行了调查分析。结果表明:5种桉树的冻害恢复能力差异较大,抗冻能力由大到小依次为:多利桉,本沁桉,邓恩桉,史密斯桉,蓝桉。本沁桉、多利桉和邓恩桉的冻害恢复较快,史密斯桉冻害后死亡率仅为5.8%,蓝桉死亡率则高达74.9%。采取合理的抚育管理措施可以加快恢复进度。     

邓恩桉引种及丰产栽培技术研究

对16个邓恩桉种源及其153个家系进行树高、胸径和材积生长性状调查,结果得出邓恩桉各家系间生长差异显著。选出的优良家系80个,其中材积生长量大于总体平均值20%的家系有22个。在合理密植、科学施肥等丰产栽培技术条件下,邓恩桉生长量超过直干蓝桉80%~140%,与史密斯桉生长量相近,但胸径生长往往超过史密斯桉,对培育大径材更有利,是一个值得广泛推广栽培的速生用材品种。     

保山地区史密斯桉种源的引种试验

1995年 ,以本地生长状况较好的直干桉和蓝桉作对照 ,在保山市隆阳区国营林场长岭岗林区进行了史密斯桉 7个种源的对比栽培试验研究。对 7个参试种源从苗期到 5年生幼树的生长观测结果表明 :史密斯桉适于在保山地区生长 ,5年生林木的树高、胸径、冠幅生长量均达到或超过当地的直干桉和蓝桉 ,出油率也比直干桉和蓝桉高。其中尤以 186 88、 186 81、 186 82等 3个种源表现最好 ,有较好的发展前途 ,可进一步推广。     

Physiological response to drought in radiata pine: phytohormone implication at leaf level

Pinus radiata D. Don is one of the most abundant species in the north of Spain. Knowledge of drought response mechanisms is essential to guarantee plantation survival under reduced water supply as predicted in the future. Tolerance mechanisms are being studied in breeding programs, because information on such mechanisms can be used for genotype selection. In this paper, we analyze the changes of leaf water potential, hydraulic conductance (K(leaf)), stomatal conductance and phytohormones under drought in P. radiata breeds (O1, O2, O3, O4, O5 and O6) from different climatology areas, hypothesizing that they could show variable drought tolerance. As a primary signal, drought decreased cytokinin (zeatin and zeatin riboside-Z?+?ZR) levels in needles parallel to K(leaf) and gas exchange. When Z?+?ZR decreased by 65%, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation started as a second signal and increments were higher for IAA than for ABA. When plants decreased by 80%, Z?+?ZR and K(leaf) doubled their ABA and IAA levels, the photosystem II yield decreased and the electrolyte leakage increased. At the end of the drought period, less tolerant breeds increased IAA over 10-fold compared with controls. External damage also induced jasmonic acid accumulation in all breeds except in O5 (P. radiata var. radiata?×?var. cedrosensis), which accumulated salicylic acid as a defense mechanism. After rewatering, only the most tolerant plants recovered their K(leaf,) perhaps due to an IAA decrease and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid maintenance. From all phytohormones, IAA was the most representative 'water deficit signal' in P. radiata.     

Biological performance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus camaldulensis</Emphasis> leaf oils from Thailand against the subterranean termite <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coptotermes formosanus</Emphasis> Shiraki

The antitermitic activities of leaf oils and their constituents, taken from three clones of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. in Thailand, against Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki were investigated in contact and noncontact tests. The termiticidal mechanism was also examined. Antitermitic tests demonstrated that E. camaldulensis leaf oils were both contact toxicants and fumigants to C. formosanus with LC₅₀ values ranging between 12.68 and 17.50 mg/g by the contact method, and between 12.65 and 17.50 mg/petri dish (100 cm³) by the noncontact method. p-Cymene and γ-terpinene were primarily responsible for the contact toxicity and 1,8-cineole was responsible for fumigation. From the investigation of termiticidal mechanism, E. camaldulensis leaf oils exhibited the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and showed the common symptoms of a neurotoxic mode of action against C. formosanus. Part of this report was presented at the 58th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tsukuba, March 2008     

耐寒桉树永州引种栽培技术研究

通过引种栽培试验表明：永州是桉树的适宜引种区，可大量发展桉树。以栽培邓恩桉、边沁桉表现最佳，它们不仅生长快、材质好，而且抗逆性强，既耐严寒又耐高温耐瘠薄。柳桉也可发展，史密斯桉、多枝桉在土层深厚、气候温和的地方可少量发展。赤桉在前1～2年表现较佳，生长快，但到以后几年生长趋缓，必须选出优良家系，才能大量种植。     

桉树26个种33个种源在云南的生长表现

对海口林场26个桉树种33个种源26 a的树高、胸径、材积和耐旱性进行分析,结果表明：史密斯桉（15092、15059、15091）、本沁桉（14214）、巴吉桉（13286）、亮果桉（14012）、银顶纤皮桉（14840）、直杆桉（直local）和广叶桉（13349）等9个种源在昆明市海口林场表现较优,其中前6个种源还具有较强稳定适应性;9个种源均可作为南方地区桉树种质资源供应基地建设、科普教育基地建设及优良种源展示基地建设的优选树种。     

肉桂油的成分研究

肉桂油在世界上享有盛名,产量占世界总产量的80％。作者用GC/MS联用仪对我国广东、广西、福建三省(区)的肉桂叶油和肉桂皮油进行了定性与定量分析。鉴定出广东肉桂叶油13个组分;广东肉桂皮油11个组分;广西肉桂叶油14个组分;广西肉桂皮油12个组分;福建肉桂叶油12个组分,结果表明五种肉桂油的化学组成基本相同,均以反式肉桂醛为主要成分,其含量分别为81.0,84.1,54.6,73.2和73.6％。     

四川桉树基因收集及培育技术

经过近100年的引种历史,四川共收集了130余种桉树,目前仍保留有近40种桉树。这些树种在四川省的林业建设中发挥了重要作用。在四川具有发展前途的桉树有：巨桉、直干兰桉、柳桉、史密斯桉、邓恩桉、迪恩桉、亮果桉、赤桉、大花序桉、尤曼桉等。根据桉树生物学特性以及四川多年来桉树栽培情况,将四川桉树栽培地区划分为盆地、攀西河谷阶地和干热河谷等三个栽培区。针对不同的栽培区,提出相应的适宜桉树种,并对巨桉、直干蓝桉、赤桉树种不同培育目标的栽培技术进行了总结。     

Retranslocation of foliar nutrients in evergreen tree species planted in a Mediterranean environment

Internal nutrient recycling through retranslocation (resorption) is important for meeting the nutrient demands of new tissue production in trees. We conducted a comparative study of nutrient retranslocation from leaves of five tree species from three genera grown in plantation forests for commercial or environmental purposes in southern Australia--Acacia mearnsii De Wild., Eucalyptus globulus Labill., E. fraxinoides H. Deane & Maiden, E. grandis W. Hill ex Maiden and Pinus radiata D. Don. Significant amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were retranslocated during three phases of leaf life. In the first phase, retranslocation occurred from young leaves beginning 6 months after leaf initiation, even when leaves were physiologically most active. In the second phase, retranslocation occurred from mature green leaves during their second year, and in the third phase, retranslocation occurred during senescence before leaf fall. Nutrient retranslocation occurred mainly in response to new shoot production. The pattern of retranslocation was remarkably similar in the leaves of all study species (and in the phyllodes of Casuarina glauca Sieber ex Spreng.), despite their diverse genetics, leaf forms and growth rates. There was no net retranslocation of calcium in any of the species. The amounts of nutrients at the start of each pre-retranslocation phase had a strong positive relationship with the amounts subsequently retranslocated, and all species fitted a common relationship. The percentage reduction in concentration or content (retranslocation efficiency) at a particular growth phase is subject to many variables, even within a species, and is therefore not a meaningful measure of interspecific variation. It is proposed that the pattern of retranslocation and its governing factors are similar among species in the absence of interspecies competition for growth and crown structure which occurs in mixed species stands.     

紫茎泽兰入侵土壤对桉树苗的化感作用研究

以紫茎泽兰重度入侵区域0～50 cm深土样及溪谷桉、冈尼桉、史密斯桉3种桉树苗为试验材料,研究该土样对桉树苗生长的影响.结果表明:3种桉树苗在不同深度土样中的生长表现差异较明显,随着深度增加,苗高及鲜重生长明显减慢;受侵土样中3种桉树苗生长量明显优于对照,紫茎泽兰化感物质仅在3～10 cm深土样中对史密斯桉的生长抑制作...     

温度对不同海拔梯度急尖长苞冷杉种子发芽的影响

共设＜5℃、5～10℃、10～15℃、15～20℃、20～25℃5个区段温度,研究不同温度对色季拉山不同海拔（3800～4400 m）急尖长苞冷杉种子发芽能力的影响,结果表明：色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉种子的平均千粒重为7.78 g,与其它冷杉属的种子比较,其种子千粒重较小,但有较低海拔（4000 m以下）种子千粒重较大而较高海拔（4000 m以上）种子千粒重较小的趋势;急尖长苞冷杉种子的适宜发芽温度为15～20℃,低于5℃无法发芽;不同海拔急尖长苞冷杉的种子发芽能力不同,以海拔3900 m的急尖长苞冷杉种子发芽率最高,为50％,从海拔3900 m开始,其种子发芽能力随着海拔的升高而逐渐降低。     

Antioxidative and antiradical activities of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus camaldulensis</Emphasis> leaf oils from Thailand

The leaf essential oils (six samples) from three clones of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Radical scavenging and antioxidant properties were investigated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and the β-carotene bleaching test. It was found that the whole essential oil and its fractions had significant antioxidant effects when they were tested by each method. In the DPPH assay, the E. camaldulensis leaf oils showed IC₅₀ inhibitory concentrations in the range of 1.75–12.62 mg/ml. In the β-carotene bleaching test, the IC₅₀ valued were in the range of 14.30–118.55 μg/ml. Part of this report was presented at the 18th meeting of the Chugoku-Shikoku Branch of the Japan Wood Research Society, November 2006     

A controlled test of the dual-isotope approach for the interpretation of stable carbon and oxygen isotope ratio variation in tree rings

Seedlings of a conifer (Pinus radiata D. Don) and a broad leaf angiosperm (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) were grown for 100 days in two growth cabinets at 45 or 65% relative humidity. The seedlings were exposed to treatments designed to modify carbon assimilation rates and capacities, stomatal conductance and transpiration to test conceptual models that attempt to clarify the interpretation of carbon isotope discrimination (Δ(13)C) by using oxygen isotope enrichment (Δ(18)O). Differences in relative humidity and within-cabinet treatments (including lower irradiance, lower nitrogen inputs, higher leaf temperature and lower moisture status than control seedlings) produced significant differences in assimilation rates, photosynthetic capacities, stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration rates and leaf evaporative enrichment. The dual-isotope approach accurately interpreted the cause of variation in wood cellulose Δ(13)C for some of the treatments, but not for others. We also tested whether we could use Δ(13)C variation to constrain the interpretation of δ(18)O variation. Carbon isotope discrimination appears to be influenced by transpiration (providing information on leaf evaporative enrichment), but the results did not provide a clear way to interpret such variation. The dual-isotope approach appears to be valid conceptually, but more work is needed to make it operational under different scenarios.     

Antibacterial activity of Syzygium cumini and Syzygium travancoricum leaf essential oils

The leaf essential oils of Syzygium cumini and Syzygium travancoricum were tested for their antibacterial property. The activity of S. cumini essential oil was found to be good, while that of S. travancoricum was moderate.