我国主要饲料原料及产品中呕吐毒素污染分布规律研究

本研究旨在了解呕吐毒素在我国的污染及分布规律。对来自全国7个地区11个省的1018个饲料原料及配合饲料样品进行呕吐毒素含量的检测。结果表明:①北方地区(西北、东北、华北)呕吐毒素污染情况较南方地区(西南、华南)严重;②我国饲料原料中玉米的呕吐毒素含量和超标率均为最高;③各种类饲料原料及产品的呕吐毒素含量不存在季节差异。这表明,呕吐毒素在我国的污染仍较为普遍,其分布存在着一定的规律性。     

我国南方蛋鸡饲养体系特点和研究进展

以华东为主体的南方地区不仅是我国重要的鸡蛋生产基地,也是我国最具竞争力的鸡蛋消费市场之一.随着规模化蛋鸡业设施工艺、养殖技术的不断完善,交通运输条件的不断改善,饲料原料和气候条件不再是南方蛋鸡产业进一步快速发展的主要限制因素,蛋鸡生产正呈现从北方向南方转移的趋势.如何为具有独特气候、地域特征的南方地区蛋鸡产业提供长效技术支撑,是国家蛋鸡产业技术体系的主要任务之一.     

用MOS吸附降解黄曲霉毒素

黄曲霉曲生长繁殖与一定地区的气候条件是密切相关的，在众多的饲料发生霉素的地区来看，南方地区都要高于北方．25℃-30℃是其最适生长温度，玉米、麦类、稻谷等谷实饲料原料的水分含量为，17-18℃时是黄曲霉生长繁殖的最适条件。因此．饲料原料的含水量应控制在防霉含水量以下，以防霉变。同时世界各国对减少和清除黄曲霉毒素进行了积极的研究和探讨。     

大米次粉——优质的能量饲料

正饲料工业是以利用粮食及其副产物为基础原料的综合性工业,是促进粮食综合利用,节约粮食主要而有效的途径。在过去,我国饲料工业过分依赖玉米和豆粕,而对于我国其他饲料作物,各类饲料资源的研究开发不够,造成我国畜牧主产区的主要饲料原料短缺,限制了当地饲料工业企业的发展。由于作物生长特性和     

木薯粒营养价值评定及其在畜禽日粮中的应用研究综述

木薯起源于南美洲,在我国广东、广西、福建、海南种植面积较为广泛。木薯富含淀粉,是重要的工业、食用和饲料原料。在猪、禽日粮中可以替代玉米等能量饲料,近年来,许多国家和地区已用木薯代替玉米作猪的配合饲料原料。     

稻谷作饲料对畜禽营养和加工机具的不利影响

<正> 我国南方双季稻地区的主要粮食作物是水稻,玉米及大豆等旱粮作物比较少。如江西省1984年稻谷产量占粮食总产量的96.35％。因此这些地区稻谷是最主要的能量饲料,一般在饲料配方中稻谷的比例达30％左右。从营养价值来说,稻谷低于玉米。稻谷的粗纤维含量达8.2％,对猪而言消化能为2780千卡/公     

饲料中小麦替代玉米应用相关问题的探讨

<正>玉米和麦类都是主要的能量饲料原料,对配合饲料的质量具有决定性的作用。在欧洲,麦类特别是大麦被作为饲料的主要能量来源,而在美国和亚洲地区,玉米则充当主要的能量原料。在我国,小麦及其副产品是仅次于玉米的能量饲料原料。众多研究表明,饲料中合理使用小麦替代玉米可带来更多的经济效益(高树冬等,     

在养猪生产中防控玉米霉菌毒素的研究进展

我国是玉米生产和使用大国,大部分玉米则用于饲料原料,一般情况下玉米在猪饲料原料比例为60%以上,饲料原料的霉变和霉菌毒素污染主要是玉米问题。玉米霉变与霉菌毒素污染受到玉米水分含量、完整度、干燥方法、贮存条件、地区和气候等影响。玉米霉菌毒素含量超标对猪将引起一系列严重的生理和生物毒害,如致癌性、致突变性、致畸胎性(褚曲霉毒素)、致雌激素样、免疫毒性、肾毒性、肝毒性、神经毒性等[1]。本文就玉米用于养猪生产中霉变防控问题做一简要综述。     

非常规饲料原料营养价值及其在生猪高效养殖中的应用策略

摘要：玉米、豆粕是我国猪禽饲料中主要组成原料,其在配方中占比约60%～70%。2021年我国大豆和玉米进口量分别为9 652万吨和2 835万吨,大豆和玉米进口依赖性已成为制约我国畜牧业可持续发展的重要因素。同时,我国非常规饲料原料资源丰富,充分利用非常规饲料原料配制多元化饲料配方是减少玉米和豆粕饲用比例的重要技术手段。然而,非常规饲料原料通常存在抗营养因子含量高、易污染真菌毒素和氨基酸不平衡等问题,限制了其在生猪养殖中的应用。本文从饲料原料营养价值精准评价、饲料加工与预处理技术、生物酶技术、营养素平衡技术等方面概述了提高非常规饲料原料在生猪高效养殖中利用效率的策略,为降低配方中玉米、豆粕比例、提高生猪养殖效率提供科学依据。     

高粱配合啤酒酵母替代玉米在猪料中的应用

正用玉米作为猪的配合饲料的谷物原料是我国使用的典型配方。这是由于玉米具有较高的营养价值、能量和饲料利用率较高。但是随着玉米市场现货价格持续强劲上扬,给以玉米为主要原料的猪饲料生产企业带来了巨大的成本压力,同时有些地区玉米产量不足,异地采购的运输费用增加了饲料成本。而价格便宜的玉米又多在质量上出现问题,如发生霉变或重金属超标。在这种情况下,选用新的饲料原料来替代玉米以成为当前猪料市场的一个大趋势。1高粱作为饲料原料的优缺点高粱的饲用价值在世界范围的谷物粮食中,高粱排在小麦、大米、玉米和     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …