Acoustic synchrony: two mechanisms in the snowy tree cricket

Snowy tree crickets synchronize their chirps by responding to the preceding chirp of their neighbors. If a neighbor's chirp precedes his own, a cricket shortens his chirp and the following interval. If it follows his own, he lengthens his chirp interval and sometimes the following chirp. A single response of the first type may advance his phase of chirping 160 degrees and one of the second type may retard it 200 degrees .     

Engineering complex dynamical structures: sequential patterns and desynchronization

We used phase models to describe and tune complex dynamic structures to desired states; weak, nondestructive signals are used to alter interactions among nonlinear rhythmic elements. Experiments on electrochemical reactions on electrode arrays were used to demonstrate the power of mild model-engineered feedback to achieve a desired response. Applications are made to the generation of sequentially visited dynamic cluster patterns similar to reproducible sequences seen in biological systems and to the design of a nonlinear antipacemaker for the destruction of pathological synchronization of a population of interacting oscillators.     

Auditory system of noctuid moths

Insect-eating bats find their aerial food by sonar, through emitting ultrasonic chirps and locating sources of echoes. Certain moths have ears sensitive to these chirps and can detect bats well beyond the range of the bats' sonar. On hearing a distant bat, many moths turn and fly directly away from the source of ultrasound. Only one sense cell in each ear of a moth provides the primary nervous information for this response. This article describes my initial attempts to find out how a moth's central nervous system processes the train of chirps reaching its two ears. The ear of a restrained moth is exposed to a sequence of artifically generated ultrasonic pulses that approximates the cries made by a bat. This stimulus can be varied with respect to ultrasonic frequency (pitch), pulse intensity, pulse duration, the interval between pulses, and pulse-train duration. The more sensitive acoustic sense cell responds to all frequencies between about 15,000 and 80,000 cycles per second, but the signal that it transmits to the moth's central nervous system contains no measure of frequency within this range. However, this nerve signal reports variations in the other parameters of the stimulus. The acoustic fiber connects, in the central nervous system, with various nerve cells that transform the signal farther. The signal from a pulse-marker neuron contains no measures of pulse intensity or pulse duration, reporting only changes in interpulse interval and pulse-train duration. A train-marker neuron reports only the duration of the pulse train. The stimulus parameters may be likened to keys, each of which is necessary to gain admittance through a given door but becomes superfluous once this door has been passed. This analogy suggests one of the ways in which a signal is transformed in its passage through the nervous system, and how its specificity is assured in eliciting a given response. In addition to undergoing this kind of transformation, neural signals generated in the two directionally sensitive ears must be combined if a flying moth is to steer a course away from a distant bat. Neurons have been discovered in the central ganglia which summate signals from the right and left ears. Other neurons are inhibited in their activity by stimulation of one ear. The moth may combine signals from these neurons with motor-nerve information on the attitude of its own wings, which act as oscillating baffles modifying its directional acoustic sensitivity 20 to 40 times a second as it flaps an erratic path through the darkness.     

The respiratory sinus arrhythmia: a measure of cardiac age

A method developed for quantifying respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) during voluntary cardiorespiratory synchronization relies on computer-assisted rhythmometric cosinor analysis of instantaneous heart rate data. The RSA was present in all subjects tested, even those at advanced ages. The amplitude of the RSA falls approximately 10 percent per decade. An individual with a transplanted heart and one with severe diabetic neuropathy each had resting RSA values that were normal for their ages. The shape and amplitude of the RSA during voluntary cardiorespiratory synchronization may reflect the suppleness of the heart and its response to rhythmically changing intrathoracic pressure and the subsequent ebb-and-flow of venous return. Our technology allows objective quantitative assessment of the biologic age of the heart and also the effect of any drug, disease, or behavior that affects the RSA.     

混沌系统的广义错位修正函数投影同步

首先介绍混沌系统的广义错位修正函数投影同步原理.然后根据驱动系统和响应系统维数的3种大小关系,选取驱动系统和响应系统,并根据Lyapunov稳定性方法构造响应系统的自适应控制器,实现驱动系统和受控响应系统的广义错位修正函数投影同步,数值仿真的结果表明了自适应控制器的正确性和有效性.最后计算广义错位修正函数投影同步混沌时间序列的近似熵,得出这样的同步混沌时间序列的复杂度更高,能够提高保密通信和图像加密的安全性.     

小波多速率调制同步系统的FPGA实现

以FPGA为平台,提出了一种小波多速率调制同步系统的硬件实现方案。利用最大似然估计算法,采取帧同步与载波相位恢复相结合的方式,解决了小波调制在同步上对定时误差敏感等问题,同时也可以对假同步进行检测和纠正。仿真结果证明了该方案的可行性和有效性。     

Hippocampal correlates of aversive mibdrain stimulation

Hippocampal synchronization during aversive dorsal midbrain stimulation was observed in rats both in a conditioning procedure and under d-tubo-curarine paralysis. The results restrict the generality of previous reports which correlated hippocampal synchronization and desynchronization with approach and withdrawal behavior, respectively. Relative to the condition of free movement, curarization reduced the frequency of both "spontaneous" and dorsal midbrain-evoked synchronization, thus suggesting possible direct and indirect effects of d-tubocurarine on subcortical structures.     

新三维混沌系统及其同步的电路实验研究

研究了一种新型三维混沌系统及采用连续控制法控制其同步的电路实现问题。给出了相图、单参数分岔图、庞卡莱映射以及李雅普诺夫指数,并利用运算放大器、模拟乘法器及线性器件设计电路验证了该系统参数变化时的各种状态的存在和系统的同步控制。     

Interhemispheric synchronization of oscillatory neuronal responses in cat visual cortex

Neurons in area 17 of cat visual cortex display oscillatory responses that can synchronize across spatially separate columns in a stimulus-specific way. Response synchronization has now been shown to occur also between neurons in area 17 of the right and left cerebral hemispheres. This synchronization was abolished by section of the corpus callosum. Thus, the response synchronization is mediated by corticocortical connections. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that temporal synchrony of neuronal discharges serves to bind features within and between the visual hemifields.     

Ant stridulations and their synchronization with abdominal movement

Two techniques for accurately correlating movements with vibrations produced by Pogonomyrmex Occidentalis show three characteristics of the stridulations: alternation of mean chirp intensity, higher frequencies during the upstroke, and interruption of chirps into distinct pulses. These pulses are produced by briefly stopping the gaster during a chirp.     

Sound production in the clownfish Amphiprion clarkii

Although clownfish sounds were recorded as early as 1930, the mechanism of sound production has remained obscure. Yet, clownfish are prolific "singers" that produce a wide variety of sounds, described as "chirps" and "pops" in both reproductive and agonistic behavioral contexts. Here, we describe the sonic mechanism of the clownfish Amphiprion clarkii.     

一种基于混沌同步的保密通信方案的设计

提出了一种新的基于混沌同步的保密通信方案。首先在发射端和接收端分别构建一个驱动系统及相应的响应系统。在发射端将信息信号调制到混沌变量中成为混沌传输信号,然后基于 Lyapunov 稳定性理论使两混沌系统达到同步,在接收端对混沌传输信号进行解调从而恢复出信息信号,混沌系统的初始条件和系统参数作为解调密钥。理论分析和数值仿真结果表明该方案是可行的。     

一种基于混沌同步的保密通信方案的设计

提出了一种新的基于混沌同步的保密通信方案。首先在发射端和接收端分别构建一个驱动系统及相应的响应系统。在发射端将信息信号调制到混沌变量中成为混沌传输信号,然后基于Lyapunov稳定性理论使两混沌系统达到同步,在接收端对混沌传输信号进行解调从而恢复出信息信号,混沌系统的初始条件和系统参数作为解调密钥。理论分析和数值仿真结果表明该方案是可行的。     

Neuroendocrine control of ecdysis in silkmoths

An adult moth sheds its pupal skin only during a specific period of the day. The brain is necessary for the synchronization of this behavior with the environmental photoperiod. This function is fully preserved when all the brain's nervous connections are severed or when a "loose" brain is transplanted into the tip of the abdomen. By appropriate experiments it was possible to show that the entire mechanism is brain-centered. The components include a photoreceptor mechanism, a clock, and a neuroendocrine output. The clock-controlled release of the hormone acts on the central nervous system to trigger a species-specific behavior pattern which culminates in ecdysis.     

Chen's混沌系统的同步控制

主要对非线性复杂动力系统--Chen's系统的同步拉制作出了研究,主要利用驱动-响应同步原理,设计了4种不同的非线性反馈控制器来控制2个初始条件不同的Chen's系统达到同步.     

Chen＇s混沌系统的同步控制

主要对非线性复杂动力系统——Chen＇s系统的同步控制作出了研究,主要利用驱动-响应同步原理,设计了4种不同的非线性反馈控制器来控制2个初始条件不同的Chen＇s系统达到同步。     

AWGN信道下小波多速率调制的时钟提取

为解决极值点抖动和假同步问题,首先在分析AWGN信道下小波多速率调制最佳接收的基础上,应用单子带上的最大似然估计方法,提出了改进的同步时钟提取算法,不仅能准确估计小波相位延时,而且可以校正收发时钟的频率偏差。在此基础上,对相位误差函数进行了重新定义,并分析了它在抗假同步和提高稳定性上所作的改进。仿真结果表明,该算法具有快速、稳定的收敛性能和随尺度增大而逐级优化的误码性能。     

中国生猪生产波动的同步性特征与平抑对策

本文选取1980-2009年生猪出栏量数据,利用同步系数法,对区域与全国、区域之间、各省与全国之间生猪生产波动的同步性进行测度,结果为:(1)区域与全国的同步系数平均值达到0.9023,其中,中南地区的测度结果最高为1;(2)各区域之间生产波动的同步性较高,同步系数达到0.7931以上;(3)各省与全国之间也表现出一定的同步性,主产省份的测度结果要高于一般省份。以上分析表明,各区域(间)、各省与全国生猪生产波动均存在较高的同步性,这种突出的生产联动现象可以较好地解释我国生猪生产剧烈波动的变化特征。因此,应该从统筹全国生猪生产和加强监测两方面来平抑我国生猪生产剧烈波动。     

Regulation of mammalian circadian behavior by non-rod, non-cone, ocular photoreceptors

Circadian rhythms of mammals are entrained by light to follow the daily solar cycle (photoentrainment). To determine whether retinal rods and cones are required for this response, the effects of light on the regulation of circadian wheel-running behavior were examined in mice lacking these photoreceptors. Mice without cones (cl) or without both rods and cones (rdta/cl) showed unattenuated phase-shifting responses to light. Removal of the eyes abolishes this behavior. Thus, neither rods nor cones are required for photoentrainment, and the murine eye contains additional photoreceptors that regulate the circadian clock.     

一种DSP励磁控制器移相触发电路的设计

假定资产价格变化过程服从跳跃-扩散过程,那么基于它的欧式期权就满足一个偏积分-微分方程（PIDE）,本文利用差分法来离散这个PIDE方程,用两种迭代方法得到方程的数值解：基于雅可比正则分裂法和预条件共轭梯度法.