Mississippian fossils from southern appalachian metamorphic rocks and their implications for late paleozoic tectonic evolution

Fossils of Periastron reticulatum Unger emended. Beck recovered from the Erin Slate of the Talladega slate belt of Alabama establish that these rocks have a Mississippian (Kinderhookian-Tournaisian) age. The Talladega slate belt, the southwestern extension of the western Blue Ridge belt, was interpreted to have been affected by regional dynamothermal metamorphism and coeval deformation as a result of the Acadian orogeny. This fossil find indicates that metamorphism and deformation of the Talladega belt occurred after the Early Carboniferous (Alleghanian), requiring a reevaluation of tectonic interpretations of the southernmost Appalachians.     

The survival of the black tobacco farmer: Empirical results and policy dilemmas

Panel data from a survey of small-scale farmers in the North Carolina Piedmont are used to investigate the survival of black smallholders. Results of a multivariate analysis show that owning tobacco quota and having high gross farm income, high amounts of on-farm household labor and small household size increase the propensity to survive in agriculture. Over the five-year period studied, approximately 50 percent of the original respondents were no longer actively operating farms. These results point to the complex problems that policies designed to assist minority and small-scale farmers must address.Revised version of a paper presented at the annual meetings of the Rural Sociological Society, Norfolk, Virginia, August, 1990. This research received support from the North Carolina State University Title XII Strengthening Grant (AID/DSAN-XII-G-103) funded jointly by the U.S. Agency for International Development and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service and conducted in collaboration with the North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service and the North Carolina A&T State University (Greensboro). Additional support was received from the North Carolina Agricultural Foundation. The opinions expressed are those of the authors.     

湘东丘陵4种林地深层土壤颗粒有机碳及其组分的分配特征

选取湘东丘陵区4种典型母质发育的林地土壤(花岗岩红壤、板岩红壤、第四纪红土红壤、酸性紫色土),分层次采集土壤剖面样品,采用物理分组方法,研究深层土壤颗粒有机碳(POC)及其组分(粗颗粒有机碳CPOC、细颗粒有机碳FPOC)的数量分布和分配比例,探讨POC及其组分与土壤有机碳、质地的关系。结果表明,4种土壤剖面POC储量介于2.63-11.59 t/hm2,以花岗岩红壤最高,其次为板岩红壤,第四纪红土红壤和酸性紫色土相对最低。4种土壤POC占SOC的比例(POC/SOC)介于1.5%-13.9%,花岗岩红壤POC/SOC随剖面加深而升高,板岩红壤和第四纪红土红壤则降低,紫色土POC/SOC在40-60 cm土层达到最大值后迅速降低。在40 cm以下的深层土壤中,花岗岩红壤和紫色土保存有数量可观、比例更高的POC。第四纪红土红壤POC储量相对较少、POC/SOC也在表土层较高。花岗岩红壤POC中以CPOC为主,而紫色土以FPOC为主,板岩红壤和第四纪红土红壤中CPOC和FPOC比例接近。所选4种土壤POC组分中,FPOC数量更能代表SOC数量的变化。SOC储量和质地是影响不同母质土壤POC及其组分分配差异的重要因素,在林地开发利用中也应重视深层土壤(40 cm)中储藏的活性碳组分。     

Regional implications of triassic or jurassic age for basalt and sedimentary red beds in the South Carolina coastal plain

Whole rock potassium-argon ages for samples of subsurface basalt recovered near Charleston, South Carolina, are interpreted to indicate a Triassic or Jurassic age for the basalt and underlying sedimentary red beds. This age is consistent with existing evidence indicating that an early Mesozoic basin is present in the subsurface of a large part of the coastal plain of South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama.     

环洞庭湖区典型蔬菜基地土壤重金属污染状况研究

对环洞庭湖区典型蔬菜基地的土壤,按成土母岩母质研究了其重金属污染现状。结果表明:第四纪红土发育的土壤综合污染指数处于警戒线附近,仅Cd出现15%的超标,未受到其他重金属的污染;板页岩与河流冲积物发育的土壤综合污染指数平均为1.14和1.02,均达到轻污染水平,污染元素均为Cd、Cu和Ni,板页岩发育的超标率分别为56%、75%和38%,河流冲积物发育的超标率分别为45%、26%和12%。该区土壤Cd污染比较严重可能是较高的Cd背景值和长期大量施用磷肥带入Cd元素共同造成的;Cu污染可能是长期施用大量粪肥引起的;N i虽然也有超标,但可能并非受到外界污染,而是背景值较高引起的。该区第四纪红土发育的土壤质量较好,宜继续发展蔬菜种植;对河流沉积物和板页岩发育的土壤应注意Cd和Cu的污染。     

环洞庭湖区典型蔬菜基地土壤重金属污染状况研究

对环洞庭湖区典型蔬菜基地的土壤,按成土母岩母质研究了其重金属污染现状.结果表明第四纪红土发育的土壤综合污染指数处于警戒线附近,仅Cd出现15%的超标,未受到其他重金属的污染;板页岩与河流冲积物发育的土壤综合污染指数平均为1.14和1.02,均达到轻污染水平,污染元素均为Cd、Cu和Ni,板页岩发育的超标率分别为56%、75%和38%,河流冲积物发育的超标率分别为45%、26%和12%.该区土壤Cd污染比较严重可能是较高的Cd背景值和长期大量施用磷肥带入Cd元素共同造成的;Cu污染可能是长期施用大量粪肥引起的;Ni虽然也有超标,但可能并非受到外界污染,而是背景值较高引起的.该区第四纪红土发育的土壤质量较好,宜继续发展蔬菜种植;对河流沉积物和板页岩发育的土壤应注意Cd和Cu的污染.     

湘东地区板岩红壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属

为了确定湘东地区板岩红壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属,选取该地区7个由板岩母质发育的典型红壤土壤剖面,在对其成土环境、剖面形态特征及其理化性质进行系统研究的基础上,按照中国土壤系统分类方案,检索出了诊断层和诊断特性,据此确定了其在中国系统分类中的归属。结果表明,供试土壤剖面的位置分别为:淋溶土、雏形土、富铁土和新成土4个土纲,湿润淋溶土、湿润雏形土、湿润富铁土和正常新成土4个亚纲,酸性湿润淋溶土、铝质湿润淋溶土、铝质湿润雏形土、黏化湿润富铁土和湿润正常新成土5个土类,普通酸性湿润淋溶土、普通铝质湿润淋溶土、普通铝质湿润雏形土、普通黏化湿润富铁土和石质湿润正常新成土5个亚类;按照土族和土系划分标准,建立了黏壤质硅质混合型酸性热性—普通酸性湿润淋溶土等6个土族和高升系等7个土系(43-CS16)。     

The search for evidence of large prehistoric earthquakes along the atlantic seaboard

The spacial distribution of seismically induced liquefaction features discovered along the Atlantic seaboard suggest that during the last 2000 to 5000 years, large earthquakes (body wave magnitude, m(b) >/= 5.8 +/- 0.4) in this region may have been restricted exclusively to South Carolina. Paleoliquefaction evidence for six large prehistoric earthquakes was discovered there. At least five of these past events originated in the Charleston, South Carolina, area, the locale of a magnitude 7+ event in 1886. During the past two millennia, large events may have occurred about every 500 to 600 years.     

林带两侧附近作物生产效能的研究

文中探讨了农林复合系统中林带两侧附近作物的生产效能。结果表明：其附近农田CO2浓度水平和垂直分布不均匀，光合强度于近林带的0．5H（距林带0．5倍树高）处数值明显低于2H（距林带2倍树高），尤以NO5H（指林带北侧0．5倍树高）处最低。光能利用率的分布也表现出类似的特点。水分利用效率分布与上述参数不同之处在于其最低值出现在SO5H（指林带南侧0．5倍树高处），而NO5H，由于林带遮荫，蒸腾量减少，仍表现出较高的水分利用效率。     

North Carolina climate changes reconstructed from tree rings: a.d. 372 to 1985

Millennium-old bald cypres trees (Taxodium distichum [(L.) Rich.] have ben used to develop a 1614-year reconstruction of the June Palmer drought severity index for North Carolina. This proxy paleoclimatic record indicates that the growing season climate of North Carolina has undergone many changes between significantly different regimes of drought and wetness that persist for approximately 30 years. Alternating wet and dry regimes were particularly well developed during the Medieval Warm Epoch (A.D. 1000 to 1300). The record June droughts in 1985 and 1986 and the preceding three decades of much wetter than average conditions both appear to have been rare climatic events, equaled only five times each since A.D. 372.     

国营林场森林经营档案管理现状与展望

森林经营档案是提高国营林场森林集约经营管理水平的重要手段,已引起重视,并形成一套较好的管理方法,但笔者认为必须客观评价其状况,以利不断完善。文中根据其管理体制、管理方法和应用情况,作了一些分析,而后,提出改进和提高管理水平的设想和建议。     

柠条林防风阻沙效益模拟研究初报

采用人工插植的方法,模拟了3种不同配置的柠条灌木矮林,对其剖面风场以及输沙率进行了观测。结果表明:1行配置防风效能较低,2行和3行配置防风效能较高;且随着风速的增大,3种配置的防风效能存在不同趋势,1行矮林维持在10%以下,2行矮林呈现先增大后减小的单峰趋势,3行矮林稳定在较高水平。从输沙率来看,2行和3行配置也优于1行;1行矮林在其背风面7h(h为树高)内都能减少风蚀,而2行和3行矮林在其背风面10h处都能有效减少输沙率,防控风蚀。灌木矮林能有效增加粗糙度,在林带后的粗糙度呈递减趋势。     

仿人工挑带式滴灌带回收机研制与虚拟样机仿真

【目的】研究农田滴灌带人工回收劳动强度大、卸载困难、易断带等,设计一种仿人工挑带动作的挑带式滴灌带回收机。【方法】回收机主要由卷带机构、导向机构、挑带机构以及机架等组成。卷带机构由多连杆机构组成,通过移动滑块可实现滴灌带的快速卸载;建立并求解导向机构和挑带机构数学模型;利用动力学仿真软件ADAMS建立滴灌带回收机的虚拟样机模型。【结果】获得导向机构参数:曲柄长155 mm,连杆长439 mm,偏心距长248 mm时,传动效果最佳;获得挑带机构参数:曲柄长141 mm,挑杆长366 mm时,满足挑带高度500 mm的要求;仿真分析发现:随着导向机构和挑带机构转速的增加,滴灌带内张力逐渐增加,最终确定导向机构的转速为0.8 r/s,挑带机构转速0.6 r/s。【结论】仿人工挑带式滴灌带回收机1 h作业面积约1 hm²,可以快速完成滴灌带的卷带、卸载。     

不同带距防护林网及林网中不同植被防风效能的风洞模拟

为揭示不同带距林网和林网内植被对防护林网内风速分布及防风效能的影响,选取3种带距林带、3种不同植被和裸地（对照）林网模型,对其防风效能进行了风洞模拟试验。结果表明,在同一风速下,3种带距林网最低风速基本都出现在5.5～7.5 H（树高）,3种带距林网平均防护效能排序为200 m带距林网（70.9%）>300 m带距林网（64.1%）>150 m带距林网（60.7%）;林带有效防护距离分别为150 m带距林网4 H至第2道林带,200 m带距和300 m带距林网3 H至第2道林带。3组试验风速下,300 m带距林网1 cm高度处平均防风效能排序为果树模式>小麦模式>对照;种植果树模式整个林网受到有效防护,小麦模式有效防护距离为2 H至第2道林带。随着集约化和精准农业推进,进行农田防护林网配置时,应充分考虑林网所处地理位置,绿洲内部采用300 m带距防护林,绿洲外围考虑带距较小的防护林。如对高大果树类作物进行农田防护林网配置时,可适当调整林网大小,合理配置林带结构,增加作物种植面积,减少林带用地,从而提高经济效益。     

Functional specialization in rhesus monkey auditory cortex

Neurons in the lateral belt areas of rhesus monkey auditory cortex prefer complex sounds to pure tones, but functional specializations of these multiple maps in the superior temporal region have not been determined. We tested the specificity of neurons in the lateral belt with species-specific communication calls presented at different azimuth positions. We found that neurons in the anterior belt are more selective for the type of call, whereas neurons in the caudal belt consistently show the greatest spatial selectivity. These results suggest that cortical processing of auditory spatial and pattern information is performed in specialized streams rather than one homogeneously distributed system.     

高职院校辅导员职业倦怠及自我调适探析

由于高职院校生源复杂,学生层次不一,辅导员职责泛化和虚化,其身体和心理长期处于疲劳应付状态,造成辅导员职业认同感差,从而产生职业倦怠。高职院校辅导员要主动适应高职院校的发展规律,重视自身心理素质和职业品质的培养,进行自我调适,调整期望目标,树立职业信念,在职业化和专业化建设上寻找突破口和发展路径。     

应用效应带改造低欠生林的效果分析

在三江平原低质次生林,应用效应带方式进行改造,并对其效果进行了分析,通过开拓效应带,营造红松人工更新层改造低质次生林,不同位置的幼树生长已呈现明显的差异：６ｍ宽效应带上栽植的３行红松功树中,中间行幼苗在高生长、地径生长等各指标上都呈现明显优势;其次是西行和东行,以保留带内栽植的红松幼树生长相对最差。效应带是改造低质次生林的有效措施。     

Heavy metal content in the fields protected by forest belts

In the suburbs of Saransk, an excess of permissible concentration in the forest belt protection zone was found for Fe and Cr in the forest shelter belt soil in terms of Zn and in the band and 10 m from it in terms of Co. Pb contamination was observed in the forest shelter belt soil, indicating its ability to block anthropogenic emissions, in particular this element. It is shown that concentration of heavy metals in the soil in the direction of the leeward side from the forest shelter belt extends to 30–50 m and up to 100 m in terms of Ni.     

Neptune's eccentricity and the nature of the kuiper belt

The small eccentricity of Neptune may be a direct consequence of apsidal wave interaction with the trans-Neptune population of debris called the Kuiper belt. The Kuiper belt is subject to resonant perturbations from Neptune, so that the transport of angular momentum by density waves can result in orbital evolution of Neptune as well as changes in the structure of the Kuiper belt. In particular, for a belt eroded out to the vicinity of Neptune's 2:1 resonance at about 48 astronomical units, Neptune's eccentricity can damp to its current value over the age of the solar system if the belt contains slightly more than an earth mass of material out to about 75 astronomical units.     

Application Index of Enviromental Engineering by Using Carrier of Waste Material for Belt Seeding Establishment

According to the principle of belt seeding establishment of adhesive-bonded fabric,applied indexes of belt seeding establishment effect were studied using carrier combination of several kinds of waste meterials under soil cover.The results showed that the effect depended on the coordinated characteristics of carrier combination from turfgrass and waste materials.It was testified that production of belt seeding was feasible using a certain kind of waste meterial carrier under given condition.The study provided a scientific basis for applying.evvironmental engineering to belt seeding establishment of waste aterials and developing nwe industry of environmental protection.