Nucleotide sequences of the human and mouse atrial natriuretic factor genes

Mouse and human atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) genes have been cloned and their nucleotide sequences determined. Each ANF gene consists of three coding blocks separated by two intervening sequences. The 5' flanking sequences and those encoding proANF are highly conserved between the two species, while the intervening sequences and 3' untranslated regions are not. The conserved sequences 5' of the gene may play an important role in the regulation of ANF gene expression.     

Diversity of circumsporozoite antigen genes from two strains of the malarial parasite Plasmodium knowlesi

The complete nucleotide sequence of the coding region of the circumsporozoite antigen gene (CS gene) of the Nuri strain of the malarial parasite Plasmodium knowlesi is presented. The gene from the Nuri strain exhibits a novel form of sequence diversity when compared to the CS gene from the H strain. Instead of the 12 tandem repeating 36-base pair units of the H strain, the Nuri strain contains 16 tandem repeating 27-base pair units of a different nucleotide sequence that encodes a different repeating peptide. In contrast, the 5' and 3' coding and noncoding sequences flanking the repeats are 98 percent conserved in both strains.     

Direct cloning and sequence analysis of enzymatically amplified genomic sequences

A method is described for directly cloning enzymatically amplified segments of genomic DNA into an M13 vector for sequence analysis. A 110-base pair fragment of the human beta-globin gene and a 242-base pair fragment of the human leukocyte antigen DQ alpha locus were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction method, a procedure based on repeated cycles of denaturation, primer annealing, and extension by DNA polymerase I. Oligonucleotide primers with restriction endonuclease sites added to their 5' ends were used to facilitate the cloning of the amplified DNA. The analysis of cloned products allowed the quantitative evaluation of the amplification method's specificity and fidelity. Given the low frequency of sequence errors observed, this approach promises to be a rapid method for obtaining reliable genomic sequences from nanogram amounts of DNA.     

DNA sequences mediating class switching in alpha-immunoglobulins

Immunoglobulin class switching involves specific DNA rearrangements of the gene segments coding for heavy chain constant regions (CH) during B lymphocyte differentiation. In two different cases of C mu to C alpha switching examined here (T15 and M603) and one taken from the literature (MC101), three different sites on the 5' side of C mu and three different sites on the 5' side of C alpha are joined together in the process of CH switching. The sequences surrounding the three germ-line C alpha sites of recombination are highly conserved blocks of 30 nucleotides that may serve as recognition sequences for CH switching to the C alpha gene. This putative recognition sequence is repeated 17 times in approximately 1400 nucleotides of the germ-line Calpha 5' flanking sequence. The lack of homology between this C alpha sequence and sequences reported for the C gamma 1 and C gamma 2b switch sites suggests that heavy chain switching is mediated by class-specific recognition sequences and, presumably, class-specific regulatory mechanisms. In addition, it appears that in one example (MC101) CH switching progressed from C mu to C alpha to C gamma 1. This switching pathway may present difficulties for the simple deletional model of CH switching.     

Hemoglobin I mutation encoded at both alpha-globin loci on the same chromosome: concerted evolution in the human genome

Genetic analysis of an individual expressing an unexpectedly high level of hemoglobin I, an alpha-globin structural mutant, reveals that the mutation is present at both the alpha 1- and the alpha 2-globin gene loci. Kindred analysis confirms that the two affected genes are located in cis. The most likely explanation for this finding is that a recent conversion event occurred within the human alpha-globin gene cluster.     

龙眼子叶胚3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因的cDNA克隆及序列分析

从龙眼子叶胚中分离得到一个大量表达的表达序列标签(EST),该EST编码序列与金鱼草3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(GAPDH)基因的同源性为84%,利用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术成功克隆了龙眼GAPDH基因全长序列.序列分析表明,龙眼GAPDH基因的cDNA全长为1395 bp,包括一个长1008 bp、编码336个氨基酸的开放阅读框(ORF),5′端非编码区(UTR)长71 bp,3′-UTR长316 bp.龙眼GAPDH基因编码的氨基酸序列与水稻、葡萄、小果野蕉、拟南芥、银杏等GAPDH基因的氨基酸序列同源性均高达85%以上,该基因在GenBank中的登录号为FJ694011.     

猕猴桃钙调蛋白cDNA的克隆及测序

以“秦美”猕猴桃果实呼吸跃变初期ｃＤＮＡ第一链为模板，参考大麦钙调蛋白基因序列合成５′端和３′端引物，利用多聚酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）合成了完整的猕猴桃钙调蛋白ｃＤＮＡ，克隆并测定了其全序列。结果表明，猕猴桃钙调蛋白基因读码框架内序列由４４４个核苷酸组成，共编码１４８个氨基酸，且与植物领域里发表的大麦及苜蓿的钙调蛋白基因有很高的同源性。在核苷酸序列上与大麦有８６．１６％的同源性，与苜蓿有８５．６９％的同源性，其编码的氨基酸与大麦和苜蓿的不同分别只是一个氨基酸的差异，同源率高达９９．３％．     

慢羽鸡成纤维细胞内源性白血病病毒ev21基因敲除

【目的】探索在慢羽鸡成纤维细胞中敲除ev21基因的可行性,净化鸡群内源性逆转录病毒,同时为快速培育缺失ev21基因的慢羽鸡配套系打下基础。【方法】根据ev21基因序列（KY235336）特点,分别在其5'和3'端各设计2个sgRNA,用于构建4种不同sgRNA的打靶质粒,筛选出在5'和3'端打靶效率较高的sgRNA。然后基于CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术对ev21基因进行剪切,并通过同源重组方式以红色荧光蛋白（mCherry）的DNA片段（CAG-mCherry）替换ev21基因,实现对慢羽鸡成纤维细胞内源性白血病病毒ev21基因定点敲除。【结果】在慢羽鸡成纤维细胞中能检测到ev21基因,构建的4种sgRNA（sgRNA1~sgRNA4）均能成功插入对应的打靶质粒中,经嘌呤霉素筛选及T7E1酶切检测,发现转染4种不同sgRNA打靶质粒后慢羽鸡成纤维细胞均有不同程度的死亡,其中又以sgRNA1和sgRNA3的基因敲除效率较高。同时针对同源位点左右同源臂构建表达mCherry的供体质粒,以其转染293T细胞12 h后均能表达出mCherry。以sgRNA1和sgRNA3打靶质粒及供体质粒共同转染慢羽鸡成纤维细胞,观察发现成纤维细胞内的mCherry持续表达,至转染后第30 d通过流式细胞仪分选收集红色荧光阳性成纤维细胞,并提取其总DNA进行PCR鉴定与基因测序,结果显示红色荧光阳性成纤维细胞中有目的片段（CAG-mCherry）插入,即以插入替换方式能实现对ev21基因的敲除。【结论】基于crispr/cas9基因编辑技术的基因敲除方法能成功敲除慢羽鸡成纤维细胞内源性白血病病毒ev21基因,为培育缺失ev21基因的慢羽鸡品系提供技术支持。     

Single-copy inverted repeats associated with regional genetic duplications in gamma fibrinogen and immunoglobulin genes

We have found that a portion (150 base pairs) of the seventh exon of the human gamma fibrinogen gene is duplicated in the preceding intron. This duplicated sequence, termed a "pseudoexon," is flanked on each side by a single-copy inverted repeat sequence consisting of 102 base pairs. Frequencies of point substitutions indicate that both the pseudoexon and the inverted repeat sequence arose approximately 10 to 20 million years ago. The generality of this type of duplication is suggested by the occurrence of a similar duplication in the mouse immunoglobulin mu-delta region. As in the fibrinogen pseudoexon, the portion of the immunoglobulin mu-delta region containing the duplication and the inverted repeat was reported to be single-copy in the mouse genome. Since both of the first two single-copy inverted repeats to be sequenced are associated with regional duplications, it is likely that many of the single-copy inverted repeat sequences, which make up 1 to 2 percent of the genome, are also associated with regional duplications.     

Structure of 3' terminal region of type II human T lymphotropic virus: evidence for new coding region

The sequence of the 3' terminus of the human T lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) was determined and compared to the corresponding sequence of HTLV-I. The 1557-nucleotide-long sequence can be divided into a 5' region that is not conserved between the two viruses, and a 3', 1011-nucleotide-long region that is highly conserved and that corresponds precisely with a long open reading frame for both HTLV-I and -II. The proteins that could be encoded by these open reading frames have a molecular weight of about 38,000 and are closely related in primary amino acid sequence. The genomic structure in the 3' region of HTLV was found to be similar to that of bovine leukemia virus.     

The Structure and Sequence Analysis of TLR4 Gene in Cattle

Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） is essential for initiating the innate response to lipopolysaccharide （LPS） from Gram-negative bacteria by acting as a signal transducting receptor. In order to help in investigating TLR4 as a candidate disease-resistance gene in cows, we isolated the cDNA （GenBank accession no. DQ839566） by RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE） experiments and analyzed the sequence characters by bioinformatics. The results showed that cattle TLR4 gene about 3 739 bp contains an open reading frame of 2 526 bp encoded 841 amino acids （aa）, 470 bp 5′ untranslated region （UTR）, and 743 bp 3′ UTR. Tissue expression profile by RT-PCR indicated that TLR4 gene expresses in mammary glands, liver, muscle, duodenum, fats, uterus, kidneys, hearts, lungs, pancreas, and ovary. TLR4 protein domain predicted by bioinformatics consists of signal peptide, transmembrane helices domain, 3 sorts of leucine-rich repeat domains （LRR, LRR-TYP, and LRRCT）, and a toll-interleukinl-resistance domain （TIR）. Leucine-rich repeat domains were related with recognizing a broad of pathogen-associated molecular patterns （PAMP） from pathogen, and TIR domain for downstream signaling transduction was most conservative （98% identify） than other domains after alignment of protein from ovine, porcine, human, and mouse. In addition, a 470 bp 5′-flanking region sequence was amplified by PCR, and 15 putative DNA binding sites were predicted, but this sequence lacks TATA box, CCAAT character, and GC-rich regions.     

Genetic implications of common region sequence comparisons of lambda immunoglobulin chains differing at position 190

The common regions of two lambda chains (amino acid residues 109 to 213) have been partially sequenced. These two human immunoglobulin chains have lysine at position 190, but are otherwise identical in their common-region sequence to four reported lambda chains that have arginine at position 190. The single amino acid interchange at position 190 may be explained either by an ambiguous codon at this position or by a gene duplication so recent that only a single mutational event has occured.     

利用重组PCR技术构建大肠杆菌肠毒养LTB—STI融合基因

利用重组PCR技术将从原始菌种中扩增得到的LTB、STI基因片段连续起来，构建了LTB-STI融合基因。并将其克隆到pUCm-T载体上，转化到大肠杆菌DH5a中，得到克隆T-LS，序列分析表明该克隆具有正确的基因序列和阅读框，具有起始密码子ATG和终止密码子TAA，可以插入到原核表达载体中进行表达。     

龙眼胚性愈伤组织ACC氧化酶基因的克隆及其在龙眼体胚发生过程中的表达分析

【目的】分离克隆龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)胚性愈伤组织乙烯合成关键酶ACO(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase)基因,并分析该基因在龙眼体细胞胚胎(以下简称龙眼体胚)发生过程中的表达情况。【方法】采用RT-PCR结合RACE法,获得龙眼胚性愈伤组织ACO基因的cDNA全长序列和DNA序列,运用生物信息学方法对序列进行分析,并通过实时荧光定量PCR(q-PCR)法研究该基因在龙眼体胚发生过程中的表达【。结果】克隆得到龙眼胚性愈伤组织ACO基因1315bp的cDNA全长序列(GenBank登录号为FJ534854),该cDNA的开放阅读框推定的氨基酸序列(含315个氨基酸)与其它植物ACO具有86%-47%同源性,包含了5'非编码区为86bp,3'非编码区为281bp,3'poly(A)尾长13bp;该基因的DNA序列(GenBank登录号为GU123929)长为1660bp,包含3个内含子,内含子的剪切位点均符合真核生物"GT-AG"规则;该基因在龙眼体胚各阶段均有表达,整个变化趋势呈字母"M"状。【结论】确定所获得的序列是龙眼胚性愈伤组织ACO基因的cDNA序列和DNA全长序列;该基因在不完全胚性紧实结构和心形胚的表达量为两个峰值。     

Polymerase chain reaction with single-sided specificity: analysis of T cell receptor delta chain

In the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), two specific oligonucleotide primers are used to amplify the sequences between them. However, this technique is not suitable for amplifying genes that encode molecules where the 5' portion of the sequences of interest is not known, such as the T cell receptor (TCR) or immunoglobulins. Because of this limitation, a novel technique, anchored polymerase chain reaction (A-PCR), was devised that requires sequence specificity only on the 3' end of the target fragment. It was used to analyze TCR delta chain mRNA's from human peripheral blood gamma delta T cells. Most of these cells had a V delta gene segment not previously described (V delta 3), and the delta chain junctional sequences formed a discrete subpopulation compared with those previously reported.