基于超体素聚类和局部特征的玉米植株点云雄穗分割

针对当前三维点云处理方法在玉米植株点云中识别雄穗相对困难的问题,提出一种基于超体素聚类和局部特征的玉米植株点云雄穗分割方法.首先通过边连接操作建立玉米植株点云无向图,利用法向量差异计算边权值,并采用谱聚类方法将植株点云分解为多个超体素子区域;随后结合主成分分析方法和点云直线特征提取植株顶部的子区域;最后利用玉米植株点云...     

基于深度信息的草莓三维重建技术

以盆栽和高架两种栽培模式生长环境下的草莓植株为研究对象,提出了一种基于深度信息分割聚类的草莓冠层结构形态三维重建算法。首先,以深度信息的不连续性特征作为草莓植株逐层分割的重要依据,以深度二维图像作为全局参考指标,提出深度信息步进方法,自动提取冠层点云;其次,改进密度聚类算法,有效滤除随机、跳边和背景噪声;最后,改进基于Harris算子的多源图像融合算法,实现彩色图像与强度图像的配准及点云颜色的映射,三维重建出具有颜色信息的草莓冠层结构形态。为验证该算法的有效性,将三维重建后冠层的平均单叶长度及A-B线距离作为评价指标,试验结果表明,模型的平均单叶长度计算正确率为93%左右,A-B线距离计算正确率为97%左右,研究结果可为草莓采摘机器人果实识别过程中枝叶空间结构关系的构建提供技术支持。     

基于SICK和Kinect的植株点云超限补偿信息融合

针对传统点云信息融合需要限制传感器之间位置以及繁杂标定和Kinect传感器室外工作受光照条件影响会出现目标边缘缺失的问题,提出了基于SICK和Kinect相机组合探测的植株点云超限补偿信息融合方法。首先采用SICK二维激光传感器融合实时行进速度传感器,实现对植株三维点云重构,同时通过Kinect传感器获取植株彩色和深度图像合成彩色点云,然后分别对SICK和Kinect异源点云进行阈值滤波预处理和体素栅格下采样,求取各点法线及快速点特征直方图,利用采样一致性初始配准方法使异源点云之间拥有较好的初始位置关系,再进一步使用ICP算法精确配准,通过近似最近邻搜索和超限补偿的方法完成点云信息融合。在超限补偿方法中,通过对比转换后点云间误差,判断数据有效性,实现对数据的最终融合。试验结果表明,本文方法可以有效、准确地实现不同点云之间的信息融合,并能有效抑制阳光的干扰。     

基于多源数据的马铃薯植株表型参数提取

作物具有结构多样、生长环境复杂等特征。RGB图像数据能真实地反映植株的纹理特征与颜色特征,三维点云数据包含了作物的体量信息。将RGB图像和三维点云数据结合,实现作物的二维和三维表型参数提取,对表型组学的方法研究具有重要意义。本研究以马铃薯为研究对象,使用RGB相机和激光扫描仪分别采集了50个马铃薯的RGB图像与三维激光点云数据。对比了OCRNet,UpNet,PaNet和DeepLab v3+四种深度学习语义分割方法的分割精度,并选择精度较高的OCRNet网络实现马铃薯顶视图像的语义分割。优化了Mean shift聚类算法流程,完成了马铃薯植株激光点云的单株分割,并结合欧式聚类和K-Means聚类算法对单株马铃薯植株点云的茎和叶进行准确地分割。同时,提出一种利用编号建立马铃薯单株RGB图像和激光点云间一一对应关系的策略,并以此为基础分别从RGB图像与激光点云中提取同一马铃薯植株包括最大宽度、周长、面积、株高、体积、叶长与叶宽在内的8个二维表型参数与10个三维表型参数。最后,选择了比较具有代表性、易测量的叶片数、株高、最大宽度三个表型参数进行精度评估,平均绝对百分比误差（Mean Abs...     

基于运动恢复结构的无规则植物叶片面积三维测量方法

接触式测量植物叶片面积的方法会对叶片造成一定程度的伤害,为此本文提出一种仅利用智能手机的非接触式多类别无规则叶片面积三维测量方法.首先,采用运动恢复结构方法获取植株的三维重建点云,在HSV颜色特征空间去除叶片三维噪点;然后,利用模糊C均值聚类算法分割单个叶片,重建叶片表面三角网格;最后,通过网格法计算叶片面积.对5种不...     

基于三维点云的叶面积估算方法

为实现低成本无损精确测定叶片面积,基于运动恢复结构算法获取点云,提出了一种融合叶片点云分割、表面重建及叶片面积无损估测等过程的植物叶片面积提取方法。首先,基于运动结构恢复算法,以智能手机获取的可见光图像重建植物的三维点云;其次,为了还原叶片表面形状,基于HSV颜色空间,使用阈值分割法去除叶片点云的噪点;使用K-means聚类算法对点云的三维坐标矩阵进行分类,实现单片叶片点云的分割;基于滚球算法重建叶片的表面网格模型;最后,通过计算网格面积求得叶片面积。与常规叶面积测定方法进行了对比,本文方法的计算结果与扫描叶片法测定值相比平均误差为1.21cm2,误差占叶片面积的平均百分比为4.67%;与叶形纸称量法测定值相比平均误差为1.41cm2,误差占叶片面积的平均百分比为6.05%。结果表明,本文方法成本低、精确度高,可满足植物叶片面积无损精确测定的需求。     

基于RGB-D相机的蔬菜苗群体株高测量方法

为实现工厂化育苗生产线上黄瓜苗群体株高的快速无损测量,提出一种基于RGB-D(RGB-Depth)相机的温室育苗盘中蔬菜苗株高参数原位测量方法。以黄瓜苗为观测对象,在苗的正上方0. 75 m处架设RGB-D相机,以获取黄瓜苗盘的俯视彩色图像、深度图像以及彩色三维点云数据。在采集的俯视彩色三维点云中分割出单株幼苗点云集、并实现单株幼苗的定位是蔬菜苗群体株高原位测量的关键。根据RGB-D相机的成像原理,将滤波与聚类分割算法相结合,实现一种基于俯视的彩色三维点云数据处理方法,用于从穴盘幼苗群体点云集中分割出单株幼苗点云集。对黄瓜苗彩色三维点云数据的实验处理结果表明,条件滤波、颜色聚类以及统计滤波相结合的滤波算法能够更好地滤除土壤背景的点云集,欧氏距离聚类分割算法可以从滤除土壤背景后的点云中有效地分割出单株蔬菜苗点云集。最后,根据基于俯视的彩色三维点云数据的幼苗株高计算方法得出单株幼苗的株高。实验结果表明,黄瓜苗株高的平均测量误差为2. 30 mm,平均测量相对误差为7. 69%,该结果可为苗期作物群体关键生长参数的提取提供有效的解决方案。     

基于单视角点云镜像的猪只体尺测量方法

为了克服人工家畜体尺测量耗时、应激大和工作强度大等问题,提出了一种基于单视角点云镜像的猪只体尺测量方法。首先使用单Xtion深度相机采集包含猪体的场景点云图像序列,并人工筛选出包含背部弯曲程度较小猪体的场景点云图像,然后基于随机采样一致性算法和聚类分割算法自动化分割目标猪体并对其进行姿态归一化,检测单视角猪体点云对称面,并利用对称面镜像获取完整猪体,最后利用自主研发的体尺测量软件测量猪只体尺。试验结果表明,利用该方法测量体长的平均相对误差为5.00%,臀宽测量的平均相对误差为7.40%,臀高测量的平均相对误差为5.74%。该方法为猪只体尺测量提供了切实可行的新途径。     

基于动态网格和分区域聚类的玉米苗带识别算法研究

针对基于计算机视觉的玉米苗带中心线提取受自然环境干扰严重的问题,提出基于6×6动态网格与分区域特征点聚类的玉米行定位算法。首先将获取的玉米苗带图像进行像素归一化,采用改进的过绿特征和最大类间方差法分割玉米苗带与土壤背景,得到二值图像;然后通过动态网格扫描二值图像,获取候选玉米苗带特征点,并对候选玉米苗带特征点采用分区域聚类算法,得到玉米苗带特征点;最后通过最小二乘法对特征点进行线性拟合得到玉米苗带中心识别线。田间试验表明,该算法具有较好的抗干扰性能,能够很好的适应较为复杂的田间环境。玉米苗带识别准确率为93.4%,处理一幅分辨率为1 920像素×1 024像素的图像平均耗时320 ms。     

基于改进SIFT-ICP算法的Kinect植株点云配准方法

针对传统配准方法准确度低、速度慢的问题,提出了基于改进SIFT-ICP算法的彩色植株点云配准方法。首先采用Kinect获取不同视角下植株彩色图像和深度图像合成原始植株彩色点云,通过预处理提取原始点云植株信息,对植株点云进行尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)的特征点检测,得到点云配准关键点,再对关键点进行自适应法线估计,然后求取关键点的快速点特征直方图(FPFH),通过采样一致性(SAC-IA)初始配准方法改进点云间初始位置关系,最后利用Nanoflann加速最近点迭代(ICP)算法完成精确配准。试验结果表明,改进SIFT-ICP算法可以大幅度提高点云配准的准确性和快速性,其中对应点间平均欧氏距离小于7 mm,配准时间小于30 s。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。