循环流水高密度养鱼成功

据《光明日报》报道：国家科委“六五”期间在太湖地区的重大科技攻关项目——循环流水高密度养鱼新技术，最近在常州通过了国家级鉴定。这是国内外首创的淡水养鱼新技术。     

封闭式循环流水养鱼系统水质循环过滤单元概述

封闭式循环流水养鱼又称工业化、工厂化养鱼，是水产养殖业在向现代化、企业化、规模化方向发展过程中产生的一种新的养殖方式，它充分运用现代先进技术和手段，可以人工控制鱼类的生活环境，使养鱼过程完全摆脱自然环境条件的限制，从而实现了高密度、高产量和高效率的渔业生产。我国从20世纪70年代开始研究工厂化养     

封闭式循环流水养鱼的水质监控措施

封闭式循环流水养鱼的特点是人工控制水环境，用水量少，鱼池排出的废水需要回收，经过曝气、沉淀、过滤、消毒、调温、增氧和适量补充新水等处理措施后，再重新输送到养鱼池中，反复循环使用。该种类型是目前养鱼生产中整体技术性最强、自动化管理水平最高且无系统内外环境污染的高科技养鱼系统，是工厂化养鱼的最高形式。     

循环过滤水养鱼的水处理

循环过滤水养鱼是指对养殖水体在养鱼过程中产生的污染进行净化并在反复加以利用的一种养殖方式。与海面养殖与流水养殖相比,此种养鱼方式有水温等养殖环境易于调节;不易受台风、赤潮等自然环境的影响,以及减少殖饵、排泄物的污染排放,有利于环境保护等优点。日本对循环过滤水养鱼早在五、六十年代就开展了研究,并在鳗、鲤等养殖进行产业规模的试验。70年代后,欧、养积极予以研究,在传统的排水处理中又引入了活性污泥法、撒水滤床法、臭氧杀菌及高效供氧等,并取得良好成效。目前,瑞典已有年产80吨欧鳗、丹麦年产950吨非洲鲶的循环过滤系统。…     

基于鲸鱼算法的养殖工船水泵模糊控制优化研究

针对某大型养殖工船所装备的养殖水泵采用恒速运行控制策略会造成大量电能浪费和养殖成本增加的问题,设计了一种基于鲸鱼算法优化的养殖水泵模糊PID控制器。通过鲸鱼算法对模糊PID控制器中的量化因子和比例因子进行优化,使得控制器能够针对换水、投饲、清洗、水面泡沫排出的复杂多变工况,对养殖水泵的转速进行动态调节,从而实现海水流量的调节。仿真结果显示,与PID控制器和模糊PID控制器相比,超调量和稳态误差更小。调节时间相较PID控制器缩短了73.14%,相较模糊PID控制器缩短了84.49%,能够更好地满足养殖水泵的控制要求,又能够实现节能的目标。     

池塘循环流水高产养殖技术

试验塘４口，总面积６２５４ｈｍ２。介绍了循环流水工程建设，循环流水前后池水理化特性和浮游生物变化情况，以及采取的主要技术措施。池塘鱼产量达７５９５１４ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，产值１１３万元，利税４６６万元。     

YHB型渔用换水泵的设计依据

本文就渔用换水泵研制方面的若干问题进行了探讨。ＹＨＢ型渔用换水泵（已国家专利）主要是针对现有网箱养殖因网目污堵造成被动交换水体不畅及去污问题，提出网箱主动交换水体的养殖新模式，并为之进行总体匹配设计。实践表明，它对发展网箱养殖，尤其是养殖各特优水产品及网鱼种配套培育具有明显的经济效益。     

池塘循环微流水培育大规格鱼种试验

<正> 吉林省盘石县水产试验站于1988和1989年从长江水产研究所引进循环微流水养鱼技术,进行了大规格鱼种培育试验。现将1989年试验情况总结如下。一、材料和方法 1.鱼池条件。鱼种培育池三口,1号和2号池作试验池用,面积各为2.5亩。3号池为对照池,面积3.1亩。三口鱼池池深均为1.8米。培育期间各池水深保持在1.2～1.6米,自然条件均为相同。     

发展综合养鱼 走生态性循环之路

肇源县三站镇宏旗村农民刘义达，已有10余年的养鱼经历，他承包了村上60亩池塘。为了降低成本，提高经济效益，近年来他采取了综合养鱼及稻田养鱼模式。综合养鱼是应用生态学原理，利用渔业与其它各业相互关联、循环作用的关系，实施综合养鱼技术措施，既能提高资源利用率，又能实现以粮养禽，禽粪肥水养鱼，鱼又能帮助水稻增温，灭虫、松土、除草，实现生态良性循环，     

循环流水高密度养鱼防治鱼病的方法

<正> 近几年来,我市循环流水高密度养鱼发展很快,1984年全市共10套,其中一级水泥池养鱼面积5500平方米,全年产鱼50万斤。1985年,又发展20套,一级水泥池的养鱼面积20,000平方米。以下谈谈循环流水高密度养鱼有关鱼病防治的几个问題。     

鱼塘开挖数学模型

长期以来 ,人们一直考虑在开挖池塘过程中 ,使得开挖出的底泥 ,刚好为其筑埂所利用 ,并且各项建塘技术指标完全符合设计要求。但是 ,没有人能够完全实现这一先进的建塘设计思想 ,其主要原因是“挖泥筑埂”建塘的数学模型没有很好地确立。我们采用系统工程分析 ,把开挖土池和水泥池的底泥当作支出方 ,把筑埂当作收入方 ,从而建立起建塘数学模型 ,实现收支平衡。1　池塘开挖数学模型建立与计算池塘开挖数学模型建立与计算的最终目的是求出达到挖填平衡的下挖深度。有了下挖深度就可以实现设计目标 ,省时、省力、省财 ,降低成本 ,避免浪费。因…     

海蜇养殖技术之一:海蜇池塘养殖技术

海蜇是一种大型水母,高蛋白、低脂肪,具有很高的经济价值。海蜇的人工养殖蓬勃发展,2003年,东营区海洋与渔业局利用新开发的池塘进行海蜇养殖试验,取得成功。现将试验总结如下:一、养殖池条件1.水源 养殖用水为无污染、饵料生物丰富的自然海水。2.海蜇池 养殖池为2002年冬季新开发的池塘,面积共计200亩,池深2.5m~3.0m,养殖水深2.0m~2.5m,软泥底质,池坡较陡,池塘两端设有进、排水闸。二、放苗前的准备工作1.消毒 用漂白粉30ppm~50ppm进行全池泼洒消毒。2.注水 池塘消毒后,在进、排水口各设置40目~60目的围网进行注水。三、苗种放…     

鱼虾蟹越冬管理技术之四:冬季鱼塘补氧技术

冬季天气寒冷,水温低,鱼类主要集中于池水底层,由于耗氧量增加,易造成底层水体缺氧,使鱼类窒息死亡,降低养殖成活率.下面介绍几种鱼池冬季补氧的办法.     

夏季池塘养鱼管理技术措施

夏季是鱼类生长最为旺盛的季节也是鱼生长黄金季节,该季节是鱼发病和泛池死鱼的高峰期,必须抓好该季节饲养管理。     

池塘鱼鳖混养技术

鱼鳖混养能充分利用鱼塘水体资源,发挥池塘的综合优势,提高养殖的经济效益。根据我们从事鱼鳖混养技术的推广经验,现将池塘鱼鳖混养技术介绍如下:一、池塘条件一般要求池塘面积在5亩~10亩左右,水深2.0m~2.5m。位置要求选择在环境安静的地方,水源清洁,池塘排灌方便,阳光充足。池塘四周要砌成高50cm左右的围墙,以防鳖爬走散失,池边设置一个露出的砂洲,或在池中设置一个人工小岛,以便于鳖上岸活动,即“晒背”。池塘四周及进排水口的围拦设施要求完善、牢固,能够起到防逃、防盗的作用。二、放养前的准备池塘在冬季要干塘曝晒或风冻,老化池塘要清…     

浅谈池塘养殖鱼类浮头的预测方法

淡水池塘里的溶氧随着气温、季节、天气变化而改变。可从以下几方面进行预测：一、看天气（1）在夏秋高温季节傍晚下雷阵雨,最容易引起重浮头式泛池,夏秋季节遇上晴天吹南风、气温高,到了夜里吹北风．气温迅速下降,俗称“南撞北”,或者夜里风力较大,气温下降快,也容易引发浮头。（以上三种情况．主是是上下水层对流快,下层氧债迅速上升,增大耗氧层．使全池缺氧）。（2）遇上连绵阴雨、光照条件差．水中光合作用弱、大雾、气温低、半夜或上半夜就可能浮头。（3）久睛未雨加上大量施肥、水质肥．一旦天气转阴．不雷阵雨极易浮头。二…     

Multifunctional pond fish farms in Hungary

At the beginning of early 1990s the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the European Union (EU) Commission effectively focused on multifunctionality, while in Hungary this term has only been highlighted in the last few years. As a consequence of the changes in Hungary in the last 15 years pond fish farms have had to explore their potential to find out how they can diversify their activities in order to be able to produce various fish products and to provide services for which there is demand from the market and the society. The application of the multifunctional approach has proved to be a realistic option for many fish farms for their survival and sustainable development. This paper demonstrates some examples of multifunctional fish farms, which clearly shows the business opportunities lying in the diversification of farm activities.     

北方地区鱼类池塘安全越冬技术

北方多数养鱼地区,每年都有大量商品鱼和鱼种需要压塘越冬,越冬死鱼现象十分严重,给养殖业者造成了较重的经济损失。因此,加强越冬管理,切实做好防病工作,以安全越冬在生产上具有重要意义。一、越冬前的鱼病检查及营养性疾病防治在鱼类停食前30天左右,对计划越冬的鱼类进行全面的鱼病检查,重点对肝胰脏、肠道等内脏器官进行检查。根据鱼病检查结果,除进行常规的鱼病防治外,要采取措施,抓住鱼类停食前的摄食时机,强化营养平衡,以增强鱼体免疫力和提高鱼体抗应激反应的能力。1.鱼类越冬前的强化培育,要求饲料营养全面且丰富,饲料能量蛋白比高…     

Effects of irrigation pumps on riverine fish

Abstract  The total number and condition of fish extracted via high and low flow irrigation pumps was assessed over a 2-year period in the Namoi River, Australia. A combination of boat electric fishing and fyke netting was used for 10 weeks during the peak irrigation period to determine species and size classes susceptible to entrainment during water abstraction. Over 2300 fish passed through the pump outlets over the study period, with many individuals (7.5% of total) both killed and injured. The maximum number of fish entrained in a single day was 232. Mortality was significantly higher from the high volume pump site, but only large (>200 mm long) or small (<50 mm long) fish were killed. Medium-sized fish (50–200 mm long) largely survived the abstraction process; although 70 were injured (3% of total), only one was killed (0.07%). The Electric fishing surveys showed that only four species were present in storage dams, suggesting that survival through the pump systems may be size and species specific. Fish that survived the water abstraction process had no opportunities to return to the main river system and were effectively classified as lost from the main river population. The development of suitable mitigation measures, including operational changes and screening, are suggested as mechanisms to prevent extraction and minimise any adverse impacts arising from irrigation development.     

Proton pumps in the fish gill and kidney

The proton pump or vacuolar type H⁺-ATPase is an oligomeric protein responsible for electrogenic H⁺ secretion in a variety of acid-secreting epithelia. Recently, the proton pump was identified in both the gill and kidney of freshwater-adapted rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Using immunocytochemistry, H⁺-ATPase has been localized in the pavement cells and chloride cells of the lamellar epithelium. During periods of internal acidosis, there is a marked increase in the expression of the branchial proton pump as identified by Western analysis, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. This augmented expression of proton pumps occurs concomitantly with a marked increase in branchial acid excretion and Na⁺ uptake. Immunocytochemical studies suggest that the pavement cell, rather than the chloride cell, is the predominant site of acid excretion during periods of acidosis. These findings are consistent with the notion that in freshwater teleosts, Na⁺ uptake and H⁺ excretion are linked via the coupling of the electrogenic proton pump to apical membrane Na⁺ channels. This mechanism may be controlled by hormones including cortisol and/or growth hormone. The fish kidney plays an important role in regulating acidosis via the re-absorption of filtered HCO₃ ^-. Recently, we have demonstrated using Western analysis and immunocytochemistry, the presence of proton pump in rainbow trout kidney and observed increased H⁺-ATPase expression during respiratory acidosis. These new findings suggest a role for the renal proton pump in acid-base regulation.