功能性添加剂木寡糖的制备研究

提供１种以玉米芯为原料，采用高温蒸煮溶出玉米芯木聚糖，再利用内切型木聚糖酶酶解制备木寡糖的方法。所得终产物为以木二糖为主的木寡糖，总糖得率达到１７％（按含３６％木聚糖玉米芯计），可作为功能性饲料添加剂使用。     

功能性添加剂木寡糖的制备研究

提供1种以玉米芯为原料,采用高温蒸煮溶出玉米芯木聚糖,再利用内切型木聚糖酶酶解制备木寡糖的方法.所得终产物为以木二糖为主的木寡糖,总糖得率达到17%(按含36%木聚糖玉米芯计),可作为功能性饲料添加剂使用.     

玉米芯半纤维素中单糖组分的测定

本论文提供了一种测定玉米芯半纤维素中单糖组分的GC检测方法，实验结果表明，本研究所用玉米芯片半纤维素的总含量为36.68%，其单糖的组成成分主要为D－木糖，阿拉伯糖和葡萄糖，含量各为23％，3.2%，10.48%，甘露糖和半乳糖含量极微，本方法没有检出。     

菌酶协同发酵玉米芯制备木聚糖的研究

为研究固态发酵玉米芯制备木聚糖的最佳菌酶组合条件,本试验以木聚糖含量为指标,采用单因素试验,依次研究单菌发酵、双菌发酵、菌种比例、单酶发酵、双酶发酵、双酶比例、酶的用量对发酵产物中木聚糖含量的影响。结果表明:发酵玉米芯制备木聚糖的最佳菌酶组合条件为:枯草芽孢杆菌与酵母菌比例为1∶9,发酵时添加纤维素酶量为1000 U/g饲料。在此条件下,木聚糖含量可达1.421 mg/g,与对照组相比显著提高了257%。     

玉米芯发酵生产单细胞蛋白初步研究

以玉米芯为发酵原料,选用酵母菌、绿色木霉、黑曲霉进行单菌固态发酵。结果表明,发酵后玉米芯粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量增加,粗纤维含量明显降低（绿色木霉、黑曲霉组）,且与对照组差异显著（P〈0.05）。其中酵母菌发酵产物的粗蛋白质含量提高5.75%、粗脂肪提高0.28%、还原糖降低0.32%、纤维素降低2.56%;绿色木霉发酵产物的粗蛋白质含量提高1.75%、粗脂肪提高0.34%、还原糖提高0.34%、纤维素降低5.20%;黑曲霉发酵产物的粗蛋白质含量提高3.29%、粗脂肪提高0.22%、还原糖提高1.52%、纤维素降低7.74%。     

小麦的营养特性及其抗营养因子木聚糖的研究进展

(接上期)3小麦的主要抗营养因子——阿拉伯木聚糖早在1952年,Preece和Macrenzie就证实了谷物饲料中主要含有两类抗营养因子一木聚糖和β一葡聚糖。在小麦中,木聚糖占整粒的6.6%,β—葡聚糖仅占0.1%,它们都是聚黏性的非淀粉多糖。这些存在于小麦籽粒中阻碍营养物质消化、吸收和利用的物质,称之为抗营养因子。3.1阿拉伯木聚糖的结构Annison等(1992)提出了木聚糖的结构。由于它是由阿拉伯糖和木糖两种单糖组成的,故称之为阿拉伯木聚糖或戊聚糖。这种物质是一类由D一木糖聚合成的主干(由1,4一木吡喃糖残基组成)和L一阿拉伯糖分枝(带有1—2,1—…     

由耐热木聚糖酶从硬木和谷物木聚糖中生成低聚木糖作为短乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌的碳源

为了比较农业生产型林业中的木聚糖,使用木聚糖RmXyn10A的两种变体,只有源自海洋红嗜热盐菌的全长酶和催化模块,对硬木(桦木)木聚糖和谷物(黑麦)阿拉伯木聚糖进行水解。用含有水解产物的低聚木糖(XOS)作为碳源,培养4种精选的细菌菌种,结果显示了短乳杆菌DSMZ 1264和青春双歧杆菌ATCC 15703出现选择性生长。这两种菌株被证实可利用低聚木糖组分(DP 2-5);而来自黑麦阿拉伯木聚糖水解产物的假定阿拉伯低聚木糖仅能被青春双歧杆菌利用。大肠杆菌不能生长,但能在单糖阿拉伯糖和木糖上生长。研究还表明,小片球菌(Pediococcus parvulus)2.6株既不能利用木糖,也不能利用低聚木糖进行生长。总之,RmXyn10A或其催化模块证实可用于硬木木聚糖和谷物阿拉伯木聚糖的高温水解,产生XOS,因此能在功能性食品中充当益生元。     

新饲料、新饲料添加剂展播 低聚木糖饲料添加剂

<正>商品名:康维素产品特点康维素采用富含木聚糖的植物为原料,通过生物技术的手段酶解木聚糖而制得低聚木糖是由2～8个单糖分子通过糖苷键构成的聚合物,并根据糖苷键不同而有不同的名称,为淡黄色或浅褐色粉末,其特征性组分为木二糖、木三糖,以木二糖含量最高,在总低聚糖中占50%以上。     

玉米芯发酵全混合饲料的制作及营养成分分析

为评定发酵对玉米芯及玉米芯全混合饲料的营养成分、霉菌指数和感官品质的影响,本研究首先以纤维素酶和酿酒酵母作为发酵添加剂对玉米芯进行发酵处理,对比发酵玉米芯与未处理玉米芯的营养价值;然后以玉米芯为主要粗饲料配制精粗比分别为 20∶80、30∶70、40∶60 的 3 组全混合饲料,对 3 组全混合饲料进行纤维素酶和酿酒酵母发酵处理,研究不同精粗比玉米芯发酵全混合饲料发酵前后的营养成分变化。结果表明:发酵玉米芯与未处理玉米芯的各类营养成分无显著差异,但发酵玉米芯的粗蛋白质含量较未处理玉米芯有所上升(P>0.05),纤维含量较未处理玉米芯有所降低(P>0.05);经发酵后的 3组全混合饲料粗蛋白质、钙、磷含量均高于发酵前(P>0.05),精粗比为 20∶80 的全混合饲料发酵后磷含量上升 40%,而精粗比为 30∶70时粗蛋白质、钙含量分别上升 6.09%、32.53%。综上,不同精粗比全混合饲料发酵后营养成分提高效果不一致,但 3 组精粗比饲料均能提高玉米芯营养价值。     

玉米芯作微生物基质生产饲料蛋白

本文利用不同粒度级的碱处理玉米芯粉作为碳源,研究了纤维单胞菌(Cellulomonas sp.)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)混合培养物的生长情况。结果表明,细粒度级(-25目)和粗粒度级玉米芯粉以及未用制粒机分级的玉米芯粉所产生的微生物蛋白没有什么差别。发酵产物的最终组成只随培养基中玉米芯浓度而变化。如果玉米芯浓度低,则生物质中的蛋白质含量高(65.0％),纤维含量低(0.67％),它适于作家禽饲料的蛋白质添加剂。当玉米芯的起始浓度增至60g/l时,最终产生的生物质含有较高的纤维(17.8％)和35.7％的蛋白质,可用作反刍动物饲料。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …