Emergence,Mating and Oviposition Behavior of the Chinese Population in Pink Bollworm,Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae)

The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most serious lepidopteran pests of cotton in the world. This pest invaded China at the onset of the 20th century, possibly through repeated introductions from several different locations worldwide. In this paper, we describe different behavioral parameters of this Hubei P. gossypiella strain under laboratory and field conditions. Using an infra-red video recorder, we observed (nocturnal) emergence, flight and mating activities, and oviposition patterns. Moth emergence started from 13:00 and continued up till 23:00. Under laboratory and field conditions, 2-7-d-old moths initiated flight around sunset, peaked 50 min later and gradually declined until 04:00. Although mating started immediately after darkness (i.e., 20:00), mating behavior was most intense from 23:00 to 03:40. Oviposition also showed distinct time-related patterns, with approx. 70% eggs laid between 20:00 and 22:00. In the studies of the relationship between flight and oviposition, the duration of flight had an effect on oviposition. The 1-d-old moths flown for 6 and 12 h began oviposition earlier than the unflown ones, and the 6-h flight had no effect on the egg production. However, the longevity of the flown moths was shortened after flight. In addition, the peaks of oviposition for the flown moths were advanced 2-3 d. The age when the moths flied affected the oviposition of adult moths. The earlier the moths started to fly after emergence, the greater the fecundity they had. The average egg production of moths flown for 24 h was less than that of non-flown moths which were of the same age. Both flight and delay in mating could advance the oviposition peak. Our study provides detailed insights in nocturnal activities and the reproductive biology of local P. gossypiella populations, which could be employed to fine-tune current pest management programs in China.     

棉红铃虫人工饲料饲养技术

设计了4种饲料配方饲养红铃虫.结果表明.以取食A、B配方的红铃虫幼虫成活率最高,分别为65.0%和68.1%;取食A配方的幼虫期最短,为18.57 d,平均蛹重18.7 mg,与红铃虫田间种群及Adkisson饲养的蛹重差别不大,可以满足室内试验需要;经过连续4代饲养后,含麦胚的饲料配方可以使幼虫期稳定在19 d左右、蛹重稳定在18mg以上,是目前能够稳定人工饲养红铃虫的最合适饲料.     

Effects of Various Degrees of Antennal Ablation on Mating and Oviposition Preferences of the Diamondback Moth,Plutella xylostella L.

Using scanning electron microscopy, we investigated the distribution of the trichoid, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla on the antennae of the diamondback moth (DBM; Plutella xylostella). The trichoid sensilla were the most abundant sensory organ, and the male moth antennae host significantly more trichoid sensilla than female moth antennae. Conversely, basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were found more frequently on female than on male antennae. We performed experiments with various degrees of antennal ablation and demonstrated that DBM antennae played a key role in the control of mating and oviposition. We found that neither oviposition preference nor mating behaviors changed significantly when less than 1/4 of both antennae were removed. However, there was a significant behavioral change when the antennae were ablated by more than half. As the length of the antenna was shortened, the successful mating rate decreased and mating peak was delayed. An otherwise consistent host preference for oviposition was eliminated when both antennae were completely removed. Furthermore, we found that the number of trichoid sensilla was positively correlated with mating rate and oviposition preference. However, the numbers of basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were not correlated with mating rate and mating peak, but highly correlated with oviposition preference. Taken together, our results indicate that antennal sensory information plays a critical role in the mating and oviposition behaviors of this economically important pest.     

马铃薯块茎蛾的产卵特性

 对马铃薯块茎蛾［Phthorimaes operculella(Zeller)］在马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)叶片和块茎上产卵的特征进行了一系列的室内试验。通过一个特别设计的连接活性炭过滤器的双向选择的嗅觉仪,来判断马铃薯块茎蛾在两个供试样本之间的偏爱程度。结果表明：(1)马铃薯块茎蛾在马铃薯叶片上的产卵量明显比大白菜（Brassica oleracea var.capitata),番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)或辣椒(Capsicum annuum)叶片多。而在马铃薯和茄子(Solanum melongena)叶片之间没有明显的区别;（2）马铃薯块茎蛾在马铃薯块茎上的产卵量明显比在茄子果实和甘薯块根上多,而在马铃薯块茎和番茄果实或辣椒果实上的产卵量没有明显差别;（3）高温水煮和高压蒸汽都不能破坏马铃薯块茎吸引马铃薯块茎蛾的产卵行为,煮过后去皮的马铃薯块茎也不影响马铃薯块茎蛾的产卵行为;（4）除去块茎表皮或仅去其芽则明显减少马铃薯块茎蛾在其上产卵;（5）马铃薯块茎蛾对表皮为浅黄色、红色和紫色的块茎没有明显的产卵偏好;（6）成虫在涂有马铃薯块茎的正己烷提取液的滤纸上所产的卵明显比在只涂有正己烷溶液的滤纸上多。用相同的提取方法,在马铃薯叶片上没有提取出吸引马铃薯块茎蛾产卵的化学物质。由此推断,马铃薯块茎在储藏期,会不断的释放一些化学物质来吸引马铃薯块茎蛾在块茎上产卵,这些化学物质的其它的特征有待进一步研究。     

Effects of Various Degrees of Antennal Ablation on Mating and Oviposition Preferences of the Diamondback Moth,Plutella xylostella L.

Using scanning electron microscopy, we investigated the distribution of the trichoid, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla on the antennae of the diamondback moth （DBM;Plutella xylostella）. The trichoid sensilla were the most abundant sensory organ, and the male moth antennae host signiifcantly more trichoid sensilla than female moth antennae. Conversely, basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were found more frequently on female than on male antennae. We performed experiments with various degrees of antennal ablation and demonstrated that DBM antennae played a key role in the control of mating and oviposition. We found that neither oviposition preference nor mating behaviors changed signiifcantly when less than 1/4 of both antennae were removed. However, there was a signiifcant behavioral change when the antennae were ablated by more than half. As the length of the antenna was shortened, the successful mating rate decreased and mating peak was delayed. An otherwise consistent host preference for oviposition was eliminated when both antennae were completely removed. Furthermore, we found that the number of trichoid sensilla was positively correlated with mating rate and oviposition preference. However, the numbers of basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were not correlated with mating rate and mating peak, but highly correlated with oviposition preference. Taken together, our results indicate that antennal sensory information plays a critical role in the mating and oviposition behaviors of this economically important pest.     

梨小食心虫成虫行为节律研究

【目的】研究梨小食心虫成虫行为节律,为开展梨小食心虫化学生态学研究及其综合治理奠定基础。【方法】在人工气候箱(温度(24±0.5)℃、相对湿度(70±10)%、光周期为15h光期和9h暗期)条件下,系统观测了梨小食心虫成虫羽化、交配及产卵行为节律。【结果】梨小食心虫成虫的羽化具有明显的昼夜节律,主要发生在光期05:00-10:00这个时段,此时成虫的羽化数量占总羽化数量的90%以上,其中以05:00-06:00羽化率最高,与其他时段差异显著;成虫的求偶交配行为多发生在羽化后第3天,呈"一"字形交配,单次交配持续时间为11～35min,平均为22.07min,成虫交配活动主要发生在17:00-21:00,交配率超过90%;梨小食心虫雌成虫的产卵节律与其交配节律颇具相似性,其产卵活动也主要发生在17:00-21:00,该时段所产卵量达到总产卵量的87.43%,显著高于其他时段。【结论】梨小食心虫成虫的羽化、交配及产卵行为具明显的生物节律,其中羽化行为主要发生在上午05:00-10:00,交配和产卵行为主要发生在傍晚17:00-21:00。     

两种天牛成虫出现期、产卵历期与气象因子的关系

１９９５ ～１９９８ 年连续４ ａ 对一片更新林地进行逐日天牛动态调查,记载光肩星天牛Ａｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａ ｇｌａｂｒｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ （ Ｍｏｔｓｃｈ．） 和黄斑星天牛Ａ．ｎｏｂｉｌｉｓ Ｇａｎｇｌｂａｕｅｒ 新羽化孔、刻槽、成虫的数量变化资料．利用调查资料结合气象资料对天牛的种群变化作了初步的分析,气象因素除气温对天牛的羽化期有影响外,其他气象因素对天牛种群无明显的影响．     

棉铃虫和烟夜蛾生殖行为比较研究

在(27±1)℃,光周期14L:10D的条件下对棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)和烟夜蛾(Helicoverpa assulta)的生殖行为进行了比较研究.结果表明:(1)2种夜蛾雌蛾或雄蛾的交配能力之间均无显著差异;3日龄蛾的交配率较高,6日龄前棉铃虫的交配率均显著高于烟夜蛾;不同蛾龄下烟夜蛾的交配...     

异脉筛麦蛾的鉴别（鳞翅目“麦蛾科）

本文描述了异脉筛麦蛾的鉴别特征,首次记述了雌蛾并研究了本种翅脉多变的现象。     

柑橘大实蝇交配和产卵习性的研究

本文在室内研究了柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera(Tetradacus)minax的交配和产卵习性。观察结果表明,该虫的交配前期17~25 d,平均19.33±3.54 d;交配期12~47 d,平均34.00±13.40 d;交配持续时间最短7 min,最长为95 min,平均时长为44.42±22.56 min。该虫的产卵前期28~37 d,平均33.13±7.43 d;产卵期19~41 d,平均24.80±9.58 d;产卵行为中的定位、穿刺、排卵的持续时间分别为:17.45±9.62 min、6.42±2.64 min、23.29±11.94 min。     

大豆含水量对绿豆象产卵和羽化的影响

通过绿豆象自由选择和无选择大豆种子两组试验,研究了绿豆象产卵量、羽化数量及羽化率等生物学特性与大豆种子含水量的关系。在自由选择试验中,大豆含水量从6.5%上升到12.5%,绿豆象在大豆上的产卵量从85.00粒增加到352.75粒,羽化成虫数从14.75头增加到230.00头,羽化率从17.34%上升到65.15%;在无选择试验中,大豆含水量从6.5%到12.5%,绿豆象在大豆上的产卵量从117.50粒增加到到310.00粒,羽化成虫数从19.50头增加到198.00头,羽化率从16.78%上升到63.83%。试验数据显示随着大豆种子含水量的增加,绿豆象产卵量、成虫羽化的数量以及羽化率都在增加,绿豆象更喜欢在含水量大的大豆种子上产卵。     

Decoding Phthorimaea operculella(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in the new age of change

Arthropods and pathogens constantly challenge potato Solanum tuberosum L. production. Scenarios of climate variation have increased the possibility of changes in pests' biological and ecological patterns by increasing or reducing overwintering length, changes in population growth rates, number of generations, crop-pest relationship, and therefore affecting their expansion. Phthorimaea operculella Zeller(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the main pests affecting potatoes worldwide. Adults oviposit single or multiple eggs in leaves, stems, and tubers, while the larvae in immature stage mine leaves or burrows into tubers turning them unmarketable. Traditional control methods are effective in controlling P. operculella, but many factors determine the success of the control chosen. This review provides key highlights of current information available that could be used as a resource to fight this pest.     

哈氏啮小蜂的产卵选择行为

哈氏啮小蜂对美洲大蠊卵荚的日龄具有识别能力.该蜂能寄生1-20日龄的卵荚,但偏爱寄生1-3日龄的卵荚.该雌蜂对卵荚的攻击力和产卵数随着卵荚日龄的增加而降低,其雌蜂产卵管在60 s内插入5-10日龄的卵荚次数是插入1-3日龄卵荚次数的3倍多.哈氏啮小蜂雌蜂能辨别已寄生和未寄生美洲大蠊卵荚.该蜂对已寄生和未寄生卵荚的攻击率均为100%,该雌蜂产卵管在60 s内对已寄生卵荚的插入次数是对未寄生卵荚插入次数的3倍多,插入1次未寄生卵荚需要的时间是插入1次已寄生卵荚需要时间的5倍多.在同时提供已寄生和未寄生卵荚时,雌蜂选择未寄生卵荚产卵.     

异色瓢虫的交配及配后的保护行为研究

通过室内试验,对异色瓢虫的交配及配后的保护行为进行了初步研究.结果表明:异色瓢虫完成交配时间为110.89 min,雌雄虫生殖器结合39 min后雄虫的身体开始晃动,完成一次交配雄虫晃动的总时间为75.11min,雄虫晃动的回合数为129.57个,每个晃动回合包括几个至十几个身体左右晃动的单元,晃动持续直至交配结束.交...     

茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂的交配行为研究

【目的】探讨茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂的交配行为,为其饲养、田间应用及对金纹细蛾的生物防治提供理论依据。【方法】茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂羽化后,通过24h连续观察,记录雌雄蜂混合配对的日交配行为;通过雌雄蜂逐一配对试验,观察记录日交配行为及交配日龄、持续时间和次数。【结果】茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂羽化当天即可交配,在观察的24h内,每个时间段都有交配行为和雄蜂兴奋行为,且交配行为主要发生在白天。交配具有明显的节律性,交配高峰出现在上午09:00-11:00。雌雄交配时具有明显的选择性。单头雌蜂最高交配次数为4次,雄蜂为6次;平均交配次数分别为0.83和1.77次,平均寿命分别为2.30和3.23d。交配过程分为3个阶段,分别为交配前、交配和交配后,群体交配时极易出现争夺交配的现象。【结论】茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂的交配呈现一定的规律性,雄蜂是交配成功的主导因素。     

黄杜鹃提取物对小菜蛾的产卵忌避和杀卵作用

报道了闹羊花素 III(简称R III)和黄杜鹃花乙酸乙酯 (EtOAc)萃取物等对小菜蛾 (PlutellaxylostellaL .)的产卵忌避和杀卵作用 .在非选择性和选择性试验处理后 72h ,R III(ρ =0 5g·L-1)的产卵忌避率分别为 77 5 4%和80 1 3% ,EtOAc萃取物 (ρ =5g·L-1)的忌避率分别为 5 5 86 %和 6 6 0 1 % .经R III和EtOAc萃取物处理后 ,叶背与叶面卵数之比显著变小 ,卵孵化率明显降低 以 ρ =0 1g·L-1R III处理后 5d ,杀卵率可达 6 6 % .     

寄主的物理和化学因子对马尾松毛虫产卵行为的作用

实验表明,交尾后马尾松毛虫雌虫产卵时对寄主的选择行为受基质的形状和化学组成的影响,但看来化学因子更为重要。生测表明,活性物质溶于石油醚、乙醚、乙醇和水,并且可用水蒸馏法蒸出。这些物质主要分布于松针的表面。被马尾松毛虫取食过的松针其相应抽提物则失去了活性。气相色谱分析显示,取食过的松针抽提物含有正常松针抽提物所具有的全部化学成分,但有些物质的含量却变化了,并且出现了新的化合物。用切除手术实验证明雌虫接受寄主影响雌虫产卵行为的化学物质的感化器主要分布在其中垫上。     

中国麦蛾二新纪录种(鳞翅目;麦蛾科)

记述了麦蛾科二新纪录种：柳麦蛾Ｇｅｌｅｃｈｉａ ａｔｒｏｆｕｓｃａ Ｏｍｅｌｋｏｉ和枸杞伊麦蛾Ｉｌｓｅｏｐｓｉｓ（Ｅｕｓｃｒｏｂｉｐａｌｐａ）ｅｒｉｃｈｉ （Ｐｏｖｏｌｎｙ），这两种林木害虫均分布于西北地区。     

番茄潜叶蛾生物防治研究进展

总结了生物防治在番茄潜叶蛾防控领域的研究和应用现状,旨在为该害虫在我国的高效、可持续防控提供参考。番茄潜叶蛾的天敌昆虫资源丰富,其中赤眼蜂科、姬小蜂科和茧蜂科等寄生蜂,以及盲蝽科的捕食性蝽等对该害虫的控害能力较强。近年,相关研究报道了部分天敌昆虫的大规模饲养与释放技术,为其田间应用提供了良好条件,如暖突赤眼蜂Trichogramma achaeae、烟盲蝽Nesidiocoris tenuis等在国际上已被广泛应用于番茄潜叶蛾的田间防治,并取得良好成效。此外,病原微生物,如绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae、苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis等,及植物源提取物,如印楝Azadirachta indica、麻疯树Jatropha curcus种子的提取物等,对该害虫有较强的杀虫活性,且相对于化学农药更为安全。再者,RNAi等新兴生物技术在针对番茄潜叶蛾防治的研究也已逐渐开展。