Heat Stress at Different Grain Filling Stages Affects Fresh Waxy Maize Grain Yield and Quality

The effects of heat stress (mean day/night temperatures were 29/18 and 35/18°C for control and heat stress treatments, respectively) at 1–10 or 11–20 days after pollination (DAP) on grain yield and quality of two waxy maize varieties, Suyunuo5 and Yunuo7, were studied. The decrease in grain number and fresh grain yield was more severe when heat stress was introduced early. The responses of grain weight and its components to heat stress were dependent on the variety and heat stress stage. Heat stress increased the starch granule size and volume percentage of diameter larger than 17 μm in both varieties. Crystallinity, iodine binding capacity, and pasting and gelatinization temperatures were increased in both varieties under heat stress at 11–20 DAP; however, the response to early‐stage heat stress was variety dependent. Peak viscosity and retrogradation percentage were increased by heat stress at either stage. These results suggest that heat stress decreases fresh grain yield and accelerates grain filling rate; it increases starch content, starch granule size, crystallinity, and iodine binding capacity as well as decreases the protein content in Yunuo7, thus making the grain less tender and prone to retrogradation. Warm conditions should shorten the time to harvest in fresh waxy maize production.     

Effects of Heat Stress at Different Grain‐Filling Phases on the Grain Yield and Quality of Waxy Maize

Effects of heat stress (mean day/night temperatures of 35.2/16.1 and 27.4/15.6°C for heat stress and control, respectively) during different grain‐filling phases (1–10, 11–20, 21–30, 31–40, and 1–40 days after pollination [DAP]) on the grain yield and quality of waxy maize were investigated using two varieties. Heat stress decreased the number and weight of grains, thereby reducing grain yield. The effects of heat stress at an early grain development stage (before 20 DAP) were severe. Compared with the control, starch deposition was not affected by heat stress in Suyunuo5, and it was only decreased by heat stress at 1–10 DAP in Yunuo7. Protein content responses to heat stress were variety and stage dependent. Heat stress increased the iodine‐binding capacities of both varieties. Peak and breakdown viscosities were decreased by heat stress, and the effects gradually decreased with postponement of high temperature. Heat stress increased gelatinization temperature and retrogradation percentage for both varieties, and the response was stage dependent. Heat stress during the whole grain‐filling period increased the pasting and gelatinization temperatures but decreased gelatinization enthalpy. Changes in protein and starch contents as well as the proportion of long chains in amylopectin affected the pasting and thermal properties.     

缓释肥施用时期对春播鲜食糯玉米产量和籽粒品质的影响

为探明缓释肥施用时期对鲜食糯玉米产量和籽粒品质的影响,本研究以苏玉糯11号为材料,在等量施肥条件下,以常规施肥方式(N15CK,基施复合肥+六叶期追施尿素)和不施肥为对照,研究缓释肥于播种期(SN15-0)、三叶期(SN15-3)和六叶期(SN15-6)一次性施用对鲜食糯玉米鲜果穗和鲜籽粒产量,籽粒淀粉和蛋白质含量、碘结合力、热力学特性和糊化特性的影响。结果表明,缓释肥处理的鲜果穗产量和鲜籽粒产量显著高于常规肥处理,且SN15-6和SN15-3的鲜果穗产量分别比SN15-0提高14.0%和7.4%,鲜籽粒产量提高14.6%和2.0%。SN15-6的籽粒中淀粉、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量均显著高于其他处理。缓释肥延后施用使淀粉粒径变小,SN15-6与N15CK的淀粉碘结合力和最大吸收波长显著高于其他处理。与不施肥相比,施肥提高了籽粒淀粉的糊化温度和胶凝温度(起始温度、峰值温度和终值温度),降低了回生热焓值和回生值。其中SN15-3的峰值黏度、谷值黏度、崩解值和终值黏度最高,而SN15-6的回复值、回生热焓值和回生值最低。综上,缓释肥适当延后施用有利于提高鲜食糯玉米产量,增加籽粒中蛋白质、淀粉、可溶性糖含量,降低淀粉平均粒径;另外,三叶期施用可显著提高籽粒糊化黏度,六叶期施用使籽粒回生值显著降低。本研究结果可为春播鲜食糯玉米绿色高产优质轻简栽培提供理论依据与技术支撑。     

拔节期追氮对鲜食糯玉米粉糊化和热力学特性的影响

以苏玉糯1号、苏玉糯5号和渝糯7号为材料,研究了拔节期追氮量（N 0、150和300 kg/hm2）对鲜食糯玉米粉糊化和热力学特性的影响。结果表明,随着拔节期追氮量的增加,峰值黏度和崩解值下降,糊化温度升高,而谷值黏度、终值黏度和回复值呈先降后升趋势; 热力学特征参数中,回生值、终值温度、糊化范围和峰值指数受拔节期追氮量影响较小。原样品热焓值和回生后样品热焓值均表现为随着拔节期追氮量的增加呈先降后升趋势。糊化和热力学特征值对拔节期追氮量的响应不同品种间存在差异。鲜食糯玉米粉的理化特性存在显著的基因型差异,峰值黏度以苏玉糯5号最高,苏玉糯1号最低; 峰值温度苏玉糯1号和苏玉糯5号无显著差异,但均高于渝糯7号; 热焓值、回生值、糊化范围和峰值指数不同品种间相对稳定。相关分析表明,峰值黏度与原样品热焓值和峰值指数呈显著正相关; 崩解值与糊化温度及转变温度,回生值与淀粉的终值黏度和回复值呈显著负相关。在本试验条件下,拔节期追氮总体上使糯玉米食用品质降低,其中以苏玉糯5号在不追氮处理下的糊化和热力学特性较优,即峰值黏度、崩解值和热焓值较高,回生值较低。     

Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Starch Digestibility of Cooked Rice from Commercially Available Cultivars in Canada

The influence of amylose content, cooking, and storage on starch structure, thermal behaviors, pasting properties, and rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS), and resistant starch (RS) in different commercial rice cultivars was investigated. Long grain rice with high‐amylose content had a higher gelatinization temperature and a lower gelatinization enthalpy than the other rice cultivars with intermediate amylose content (Arborio and Calrose) and waxy type (glutinous). The intensity ratio of 1047/1022 cm^–1 determined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR), which indicated the ordered structure in starch granules, was the highest in glutinous and the lowest in long grain. Results from Rapid ViscoAnalyser (RVA) showed that the rice cultivar with higher amylose content had lower peak viscosity and breakdown, but higher pasting temperature, setback, and final viscosity. The RDS content was 28.1, 38.6, 41.5, and 57.5% in long grain, Arborio, Calrose, and glutinous rice, respectively, which was inversely related to amylose content. However, the SDS and RS contents were positively correlated with amylose content. During storage of cooked rice, long grain showed a continuous increase in pasting viscosity, while glutinous exhibited the sharp cold‐water swelling peak. The retrogradation rate was greater in rice cultivars with high amylose content. The ratio of 1047/1022 cm^–1 was substantially decreased by cooking and then increased during storage of cooked rice due to the crystalline structure, newly formed by retrogradation. Storage of cooked rice decreased RDS content and increased SDS content in all rice cultivars. However, no increase in RS content during storage was observed. The enthalpy for retrogradation and the intensity ratio 1047/1022 cm^–1 during storage were correlated negatively with RDS and positively with SDS (P ≤ 0.01).     

拔节期追氮对春播和秋播糯玉米淀粉胶凝和回生特性的影响

以垦粘1号、苏玉糯1号和苏玉糯5号为材料,研究了拔节期追氮量(N 01、50和300 kg/hm2)对春播和秋播糯玉米淀粉胶凝和回生特性的影响,试验于扬州大学实验农牧场进行。结果看出,播期、品种和拔节期追氮量单因素及其互作对淀粉胶凝和回生主要特征值存在显著影响。糯玉米淀粉胶凝和回生特征值在拔节期追氮150 kg/hm2时和秋播条件下较优,即原淀粉具有较低的峰值温度、较高的热焓值,回生淀粉具有较低的回生值,且以垦粘1号表现较好。糯玉米淀粉胶凝和回生特征值之间存在一定的相关性。回生值分别与回生淀粉的热焓值、原淀粉的终值温度显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.82(P0.01)和0.47(P0.05);原淀粉的热焓值与峰值指数显著正相关,相关系数为0.53(P0.05),与原淀粉峰值温度、回生淀粉的终值温度显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.53(P0.05)和-0.52(P0.05);回生淀粉的热焓值分别与回生淀粉起始温度、终值指数显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.46(P0.05)和0.66(P0.01)。综合考虑淀粉胶凝和回生特性在不同处理下的变化趋势,以秋播糯玉米淀粉在拔节期追N 150 kg/hm2处理下较优。     

Effects of Pollination Method and Growing Location on Starch Thermal Properties of Corn Hybrids

Starch gelatinization and retrogradation properties of corn were studied to determine the effect of controlled (self) pollination versus noncontrolled pollination on analytical determinations, and the potential to eliminate the expensive and time-consuming step of self-pollinating before research screening of corn genotypes. Twenty-four hybrids were grown in two Iowa locations, Story City and Ames. At Story City, all hybrids received three pollination treatments: self-pollination; small-plot, openpollination (representing corn from small test plots); and large-plot, openpollination (representing corn from a farmer's field). Self-pollinated and small-plot, open-pollinated corn were grown in replicated two-row plots, whereas large-plot, open-pollinated corn was grown in unreplicated plots of 12.8 m × 8 rows. At Ames, the small-plot, open pollination treatment was not done. Starch was extracted from samples of corn harvested from each plot, and gelatinization and retrogradation properties were determined using differential-scanning calorimetry (DSC). Hybrids exhibited different starch gelatinization and retrogradation properties. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in starch gelatinization and retrogradation properties occurred among pollination methods and between locations. Pollination method did not influence gelatinization enthalpy values, but onset temperature values for gelatinization, and range values for retrogradation differed significantly among pollination methods. At Ames, treatments gave different values for retrogradation enthalpy and percentage of retrogradation. Because of differences in some starch characteristics associated with pollination methods, self-pollination is recommended when growing samples in small plots for research purposes.     

Effects of Heat Stress During Grain Filling on the Functional Properties of Flour from Fresh Waxy Maize

The effects of temperature during grain filling on the quality of fresh waxy maize grain were investigated using three varieties. Plants of the selected varieties were subjected to two temperature treatments, namely, control (mean daily air temperature, 30°C) and heat stress (35°C), after artificial pollination (1–23 days after pollination). Heat stress decreased starch content and crystallinity and increased the contents of protein and protein fractions (albumin, globulin, zein, and glutenin), but it did not affect soluble sugar content in general. The effects of heat stress on grain textural characteristics were variety dependent, except for springiness, which was similar between treatments. Pasting and thermal properties were also affected by heat stress. The results suggest that heat stress during grain filling changes the composition of flour and crystalline structure of starch, thereby decreasing viscosities and enthalpies of gelatinization as well as increasing the pasting and gelatinization temperature of fresh waxy maize.     

Role of Phosphorus in Viscosity,Gelatinization, and Retrogradation of Starch

The effect of starch crystallinity and phosphorus on starch gelatinization and retrogradation were studied using wide-angle X-ray powder diffraction, cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, ³¹P NMR spectroscopy, Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Two starches differing significantly in peak viscosity (cv. Stephens, 283 BU; cv. Crew, 560 BU) were comparable in amylose content and starch crystallinity, while differing significantly in phospholipids content. Starch of lower peak viscosity had a higher phospholipids content and showed a slower rate of retrogradation. Starch from Stephens (0.098% phosphorus) had an enthalpy value of retrograded starch of 2.2 J/g after 14 days of storage, while starch from Crew (0.062% phosphorus) had an enthalpy value as high as 4.4 J/g. Defatting with a hot n-propanol and water (3:1) mixture caused substantial changes in peak viscosity. Peak viscosity for starch from Crew decreased by 75 RVU due to defatting, while starch from Stephens decreased by as much as 125 RVU. After defatting with the hot n-propanol water mixture, the rate and extent of starch retrogradation were comparable between the prime starches, which differed significantly in peak viscosity.     

水稻心白突变体xb1的淀粉理化特性分析

淀粉是稻米胚乳的主要成分,解析其理化特性对改良水稻品质具有十分重要的意义。为了探究心白稻米淀粉的理化特性,本研究以经EMS诱导粳稻品种辽星1号获得的心白突变体xb1为材料,利用扫描电镜、激光粒度分析仪、RVA快速黏度分析仪、差示扫描量热仪等方法,对形态结构、淀粉颗粒结构和粒径分布、糊化特性及热力学特性等进行了分析。结果表明,与野生型相比,突变体xb1籽粒的粒宽、粒厚和千粒重均显著降低;淀粉结构和淀粉粒粒径分布均发生改变,淀粉粒粒径值大于13左右的淀粉粒数量明显低于野生型;突变体种子中蛋白质含量极显著高于野生型,总淀粉含量极显著低于野生型,而直链淀粉含量没有明显改变;在支链淀粉分支结构上,聚合度(DP)在6~9之间的短链及25~35之间的中长链比例有所增加,而DP值在10~24之间的中短链及36~50之间的长链比例有所减少;突变体xb1淀粉的糊化起始温度(To)、峰值温度(Tp)、终止温度(Tc)和糊化距离(Tr)均未发生明显改变,只有热焓值(△H)极显著提高。同时,突变体xb1的RVA谱特征值中,热浆黏度(HPV)、峰值黏度(PKV)、冷胶黏度(CPV)和消减值(SBV)极显著提高,崩解值(BDV)和回复值(CSV)极显著降低。本研究结果为探索垩白形成的生理机制以及进一步的基因克隆奠定了基础。     

Retrogradation of Maize Starch After Thermal Treatment Within and Above the Gelatinization Temperature Range

Studies of starch retrogradation have not considered the initial thermal treatment. In this article, we explore the effect of heating to temperatures within and above the gelatinization range on maize starch retrogradation. In the first experiment, 30% suspensions of waxy (wx) starch were initially heated to final temperatures ranging from 54 to 72°C and held for 20 min. On reheating in the differential scanning calorimeter immediately after cooling, the residual gelatinization endotherm peak temperature increased, the endotherm narrowed, and enthalpy decreased. Samples stored for seven days at 4°C showed additional amylopectin retrogradation endotherms. Retrogradation increased dramatically as initial holding temperature increased from 60 to 72°C. In a second experiment, wx starch was initially heated to final temperatures from 54 to 180°C and rapidly cooled, followed by immediate reheating or storage at 4°C. Maximum amylopectin retrogradation enthalpy after storage was observed for initial heating to 82°C. Above 82°C, retrogradation enthalpy decreased as initial heating temperature increased. A similar effect for ae wx starch was observed, except that retrogradation occurred more rapidly than for wx starch. These experiments show that heating to various temperatures above the range of gelatinization may profoundly affect amylopectin retrogradation, perhaps due to varying extents of residual molecular order in starch materials that are commonly presumed to be fully gelatinized. This article shows that studies of starch retrogradation should take into account the thermal history of the samples even for temperatures above the gelatinization temperature range.     

Effects of Growing Environment on Properties of Starch from Five Australian Wheat Varieties

The effects of growing conditions on properties of starch from wheat grain were examined. Growing conditions affected starch and amylose content, granule size distribution, protein associated with starch granules, and starch swelling power in grains from five commercial Australian milling wheat varieties grown at multiple locations in two years in crop production systems. Soil nitrogen and meteorological conditions were major contributors to variability in grain yield and grain protein and starch contents. The volume proportion of B‐granules was positively affected by warmer temperatures before flowering but negatively correlated with high temperatures during grain filling. Genotype was the main source of variability in the proportion of B‐granules and granule dimensions, starch‐granule proteins, and starch swelling power, although there were also significant contributions to variability from the growing conditions. Seasonal effects and interactions between genotype and season and location were significant sources of variability in amylose content, proportion of short chains of amylopectin, and flour swelling power. The positive relationships between starch content and the number of clear days and atmospheric temperatures before flowering indicate that conditions that enhance accumulation of assimilates before anthesis influence the deposition of reserves in developing grain.     

Effects of Heat Stress and Cultivar on the Functional Properties of Starch in Chinese Wheat

Heat stress during the grain‐filling stage is a major limiting factor for improving Chinese wheat production, and its effect on functional properties of flours and starches in 10 leading cultivars from the Yellow and Huai Valleys grown under normal and heat‐stress environments was investigated. Heat stress during the grain‐filling stage decreased total starch content but increased protein and lipid contents of wheat grains. Amylose content of wheat starch was little altered under a heat‐stress environment. Heat stress did not significantly change swelling power and starch solubility of wheat starches but significantly decreased swelling power of wheat flours. Pasting viscosities of wheat starches and flours were affected differentially by heat stress. Heat stress had a significant effect on gelatinization and retrogradation properties of starches. The in vitro enzymatic digestibility of wheat starches was affected slightly by heat stress. Analysis of variance indicated that heat stress had a significant effect on some functional properties of starch and flour, although the largest source of variability in these properties was cultivar.     

Physicochemical,Structural, and Proteomic Analysis of Starch Granules from Maize Landraces of Northwest Mexico

The variability in grain and starch characteristics and their relationship with the accumulation of starch granule associated proteins were investigated in five maize landraces of Northwest Mexico (Blando de Sonora, Chapalote, Elotero de Sinaloa, Reventador, and Tabloncillo). Significant differences were observed in grain hardness related traits, starch physicochemical properties, and structural properties. Blando de Sonora showed very soft grains, whereas the hardest grains were observed for Chapalote and Reventador. Starch granules isolated from landraces with hard grains contained more amylose and showed polygonal shapes, lower crystallinity and enthalpy of gelatinization, and greater retrogradation and proportion of long amylopectin chains. Proteomic analysis identified the enzymes granule‐bound starch synthase I (GBSSI), starch synthase I and IIa, starch branching enzyme IIb, sucrose synthase 1, and pyruvate phosphate dikinase 2 as granule‐associated proteins. The abundance of GBSSI correlated significantly with amylose content, consistent with the positive correlation observed between amylose and grain hardness. These results showed that the variability in the characteristics evaluated was mainly related to changes in the proportion of amylose in the starch granules, which were associated with differences in the expression of GBSSI. This information may be useful to define strategies for the exploitation and conservation of the landraces.     

几种淀粉的糊化特性及力学稳定性(简报)

为探索淀粉糊化的力学稳定性,以不同来源淀粉为原料,采用快速黏度分析仪于不同搅拌速度下,研究外力作用对淀粉糊化特性的影响,为淀粉质食品的品质控制提供依据。结果表明,不同来源淀粉的黏度曲线及其力学稳定性有差异。以小麦淀粉的糊化温度最低;马铃薯淀粉糊的黏度和温度稳定性最大;马铃薯和莲子淀粉的峰值黏度较高,冷糊稳定性好;莲子淀粉的热糊稳定性差;玉米淀粉糊易于老化。外力作用对淀粉糊的黏度曲线有影响。较强的外力作用后,会导致淀粉糊的强度、黏度和糊化温度降低,改善热糊稳定性和冷糊稳定性。淀粉糊化的力学稳定性与其颗粒强度有关,较大颗粒强度的淀粉的力学稳定性较好。     

Thermal Properties of Corn Starch Extraction Intermediates by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Thermal properties of corn starch extraction intermediates from four types of corn were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. Starch at four different stages of extraction, including a standard single-kernel starch isolation procedure and three starch extraction intermediates, was isolated from mature corn kernels of B73 and Oh43 inbreds and the mutants of waxy (wx) and amylose extender (ae) in an Oh43 background. Differences in thermal properties and moisture and protein contents of starch from the extraction stages were statistically analyzed. Most thermal properties (gelatinization and retrogradation onset temperatures, gelatinization and retrogradation ranges, gelatinization and retrogradation peak temperatures, gelatinization and retrogradation enthalpies, peak height index, and percentage of retrogradation) of starches extracted at stage 3 intermediate (a procedure that did not include a final washing step) were similar to those of starch extracted by the standard single-kernel isolation procedure. Values for gelatinization peak temperature, gelatinization enthalpy, and peak height index were different between the standard and the stage 3 intermediate. The values obtained from starches extracted at stage 3, however, were consistent and predictable, suggesting that this extraction intermediate might be used in screening programs in which many starch samples are evaluated. By using the stage 3 extraction, samples could be evaluated in three rather than four days and the procedure saved ≈0.5 hr of labor time. The other two starch extraction intermediates, which excluded filtering and washing or filtering, washing, and steeping, produced starch with thermal properties generally significantly different from starch extracted by the standard single-kernel isolation procedure.     

Gelatinization and Retrogradation Traits of Starches from Argentinian Maize Inbred Lines: Patterns of Correlation Among Traits

Efforts are being made to identify sources of starches with unique end-use properties, such as thermal properties, within a wide array of maize germplasm. Because redundancy may exist when evaluating these traits, it would be useful to know the pattern of correlation among traits involved to focus the expensive stage of evaluation of germplasm on traits that do not provide redundant information. The objectives of this study were to analyze the pattern of correlations between starch gelatinization and retrogradation-associated traits in a group of 12 Argentine maize inbred lines and to develop predictive models among traits when possible. Traits measured by differential scanning calorimetry included gelatinization and retrogradation properties. Pearson correlation coefficients among starch thermal properties were determined from univariate analyses, and canonical correlations were determined from multivariate analyses. Canonical correlation analyses were more sensitive in detecting associations between starch gelatinization and retrogradation parameters than univariate analyses. Multiple regression equations to estimate the change in enthalpy of starch gelatinization and retrogradation traits, especially for change in enthalpy and percentage of retrogradation, were obtained and validated with an independent data set.     

Influence of Amylose Content on Properties of Wheat Starch and Breadmaking Quality of Starch and Gluten Blends

The effects of amylose content on thermal properties of starches, dough rheology, and bread staling were investigated using starch of waxy and regular wheat genotypes. As the amylose content of starch blends decreased from 24 to 0%, the gelatinization enthalpy increased from 10.5 to 15.3 J/g and retrogradation enthalpy after 96 hr of storage at 4°C decreased from 2.2 to 0 J/g. Mixograph water absorption of starch and gluten blends increased as the amylose content decreased. Generally, lower rheofermentometer dough height, higher gas production, and a lower gas retention coefficient were observed in starch and gluten blends with 12 or 18% amylose content compared with the regular starch and gluten blend. Bread baked from starch and gluten blends exhibited a more porous crumb structure with increased loaf volume as amylose content in the starch decreased. Bread from starch and gluten blends with amylose content of 19.2–21.6% exhibited similar crumb structure to that of bread with regular wheat starch which contained 24% amylose. Crumb moisture content was similar at 5 hr after baking but higher in bread with waxy starch than in bread without waxy starch after seven days of storage at 4°C. Bread with 10% waxy wheat starch exhibited lower crumb hardness values compared with bread without waxy wheat starch. Higher retrogradation enthalpy values were observed in breads containing waxy wheat starch (4.56 J/g at 18% amylose and 5.43 J/g at 12% amylose) compared with breads containing regular wheat starch (3.82 J/g at 24% amylose).     

14种不同马铃薯全粉的理化特性差异分析

为研究马铃薯全粉理化特性的品种间差异,本研究以14种马铃薯全粉为材料,测定了马铃薯全粉的粘度特性、质构特性、糊化特性和回生特性等理化特性指标,并进行相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明,4个中薯系列品种的淀粉含量较高,均高于70%。不同品种马铃薯全粉的理化特性存在较大差异,威芋5号(PT10)、中薯3号(PT34)和中薯5号(PT35)的粘度较大;PT34的硬度最高,中薯13号(PT38)的粘聚性最低,而红色马铃薯PT14的硬度最低,粘聚性最高;PT34的糊化温度较低,糊化焓最高。相关性分析表明,淀粉含量与多数性状间存在显著的相关性,粘度特性的各指标间均存在正相关性,硬度和粘聚性存在显著负相关性,糊化温度(To、Tp和Tc)与糊化焓值(ΔHg和ΔHr)之间存在显著负相关性。主成分分析表明,马铃薯全粉的理化特性评价可以综合成4个主成分因子。聚类分析表明,14个品种根据理化特性主要可分为两大类。本研究为马铃薯全粉加工和品种遴选提供了一定数据支持,也为马铃薯品质育种中的亲本选择提供了理论依据。     

Physicochemical,Textural, and Nutritional Characterization of Mexican Rice Cultivars

The physicochemical properties, textural properties, and starch digestibility of rice cultivars grown in Mexico were evaluated. Variations existed in grain dimensions, and the rice grains were classified as medium, long, and extra long. Huimanguillo had the highest amylose content (30.4%), and A06, A92, A98, and Champoton presented the lowest amylose content (24.3–25.2%). The protein content was 7.1–11.0% and the lipid level was 0.47–1.22% among these Mexican cultivars. Champoton showed the highest temperature and enthalpy of gelatinization, and this with A98, Culiacan, and Huimanguillo had the highest enthalpy of retrogradation. Cotaxtla had the highest pasting peak, setback, and final viscosity. The texture assessment in cooked rice showed that A06 had the highest hardness, and A96 and A98 had the highest stickiness. There was little difference in the rapidly digestible starch, slowly digestible starch, and resistant starch content of tested Mexican rice cultivars. The differences in the physicochemical properties could be used to determine the end use of these Mexican rice cultivars.