乳泉Ⅰ号添加剂提高母猪哺乳性能的研究

选用８６头哺乳母猪，随机分为２组，对照组喂基础日粮，试验组于产后１０日内在基础日粮中添加２．５％的中药复合添加剂（乳泉Ⅰ号）。结果表明，试验组仔猪２０日龄窝重和３５日龄断奶窝重分别较对照组提高２５．５９％和２５．９０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；仔猪断奶个体重提高１８．５６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；哺乳期平均日增重提高２２．７６％（Ｐ＜０．０１），哺乳期仔猪成活率提高８．０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

乳泉I号添加剂提高母猪哺乳性能的研究

选用８６头哺乳母猪，随机分为２组，对照组喂基础日粮，试验组于产后１０日内在基础日粮中添加２．５％的中药复合添加剂（乳泉Ｉ号）。结果表明，试验组仔猪２０日龄窝重和３５日龄断奶窝重分别较对照组提高２５、５９％和２５．９０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；仔猪断奶个体重提高１８．５６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；哺乳期平均日增重提高２２、７６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；哺乳期仔猪成活率提高８．０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

添加中链脂肪制剂对哺乳仔猪饲养效果的研究

研究了添加中链脂肪制剂对哺乳仔猪的饲养效果。２１窝１８３头哺乳仔猪随机分为两组，试验组在出生后１２小时内灌服４毫升中链脂肪制剂，３６小时内再灌服一次，对照组不喂。试验结果表明：试验组仔猪的２１日龄平均日增重是１９６．６±２４．４ｇ，而对照组的２１日龄平均日增重是１７２．４±３１．９ｇ，两组比较差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），试验组仔猪的平均日增重比对照组增加了２４．２ｇ；试验组与对照组比较成活率差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），这说明给新生仔猪补喂中链脂肪制剂，可提高仔猪日增重。     

饲粮中添加复合酶制剂(GXC)对仔猪消化机能的影响

研究了木聚糖酶、β－葡聚糖酶和纤维素酶组成的复合酶制剂（ＧＸＣ）对５６日龄仔猪消化机能的影响。结果表明，在含３５％麦麸的饲粮中添加ＧＸＣ３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，使干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分的表观消化率分别提高１１．２３％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、１０．４９％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、３０．８３％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、６６．１３％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和２９．４４％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；肠内容物粘度、粪中大肠杆菌数和腹泻频率分别降低２５．７７％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、８８．５１％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和７２．０３％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；胃、胰、小肠的相对重量分别降低９．４８％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、８．９４％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和７．２９％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；十二指肠内容物总蛋白水解酶和α－淀粉酶活性分别提高２０．９６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和５．６６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；小肠绒毛高度提高２２．９４％（Ｐ＜０．０１），且微绒毛较长，数量多，均匀一致。     

仔猪有效磷需要量的研究

本试验研究了饲粮不同水平有效磷对８～２０千克仔猪生长、骨发育和血清生化指标的影响。试验采用６９头５周龄三元杂交仔猪（杜大长），依体重和性别随机分为６组，各组有效磷水平依次为０．１１，０．２１，０．２６，０．３１，０．３６，０．４１％。试验４周，自由采食。结果表明，随饲粮有效磷水平提高，仔猪日增重增加（Ｐ＜０．０５），料肉比趋于降低（Ｐ＞０．０５），至０．３６％有效磷水平达到最佳，采食量无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）。组单位体重的脱脂干股骨重及其中灰分、钙、磷含量随着饲粮有效磷水平提高而升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），至０．３６％有效磷水平达到最高，０．４１％时略降低（Ｐ＞０．０５）。血清中无机磷浓度在饲粮有效磷水平从０．１１％升到０．３１％时显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０５），此后趋于平稳。血清碱性磷酸酶活性在０．２６％～０．３６％有效磷水平时极显著低于其他各组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。综上述结果表明，８～２０千克仔猪有效磷需要量为０．３６％，总磷需要量为０．５８％，钙磷比例为１．２１：１，钙有效磷比例为１．９４：１。     

溢酸宝对仔猪日粮营养物质消化率影响的研究

以５头断奶仔猪进行两期消化试验。第一期为对照期,饲喂基础日粮;第二期为试验期,饲喂基础日粮＋０．１５％溢酸宝。采用内源指示剂法测定日粮中营养物质消化率。试验结果,试验期日粮中粗蛋白质,总氨基酸,粗脂肪,粗纤维,钙和磷的表观消化率分别为：８６．６１％,８４．６６％,６８．０３％,２７．１８％,８４．７１％和６３．３２％;比对照期分别提高９．３７％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,９．７６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,１１．０７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,２６．５４％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,１．４７％（Ｐ＞０．０５）和６．４０％（Ｐ＞０．０５）。试验结果表明,仔猪日粮中添加０．１５％的溢酸宝能显著地提高日粮中有机营养物质的消化率。     

蛋鸡饲喂稀土饲料添加剂的效果

１９９５年１１月到１９９６年７月在平安县种鸡场对罗曼商品代蛋鸡进行２３４ｄ饲喂稀土试验。试验设４个组，每组２９５只。试验１，２，３组鸡日粮中分别添加０．０１％、０．０１５％和０．０２％的ＲＣＴ－３有机稀土饲料添加剂，对照组鸡不喂稀土。结果：试验１，２，３组母鸡日产蛋总重比对照组鸡分别提高１３．９１％（Ｐ＜０．０１），８．３６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和０．９７％（Ｐ＞０．０５）；产蛋率分别提高９．５９，５．７２和０．８３百分点；只均纯收入增加８．５２元，５．０１元和０．２１元。     

仔猪保命油应用效果试验

仔猪出生１２小时内经口灌服仔猪保命油４ｍｌ／头，２４小时重复喂一次４ｍｌ／头，经３５日龄称重，试验组较对照组增重增加１．３１千克（Ｐ＜０．０１），提高１９．２９％，仔猪腹泻明显减轻，死亡率较对照组降低３．６％，经济效益显著。     

高浓度铁剂对哺乳仔猪生长发育的影响

采用随机单位组设计，将１６窝的９６头哺乳仔猪分为３组，每组３２头。试验１组、２组于３日龄分别注射１ｍｌ自制的高浓度铁剂“铁血素１号”（含铁１５０ｍｇ／ｍｌ）、“铁血素２号”（含铁１００ｍｇ／ｍｌ），３组为空白对照。试验结果：３５日龄断奶时，１组和２组的日增重分别比对照组高３６．７６％和３２．３５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；３日龄时，每１００ｍｌ血液中血红蛋白含量，各组均在９～１０ｇ（Ｐ＞０．０５），到１２、２５、３５日龄时，１组和２组均在１２～１４ｇ，与对照组的６～９ｇ相比差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；１组、２组的经济效益分别比对照组高３６．１２％和３１．９０％。     

稀土饲料添加剂饲养绵羊的剂量选择试验

选用半舍饲的周岁龄青海细毛羊５６只，分为三组，试验１、２组各２０只，对照组１６只。在同等饲养管理条件下，试验１、２组每只羊每日分别添加０．２ｇ和０．１ｇＲＣＦ－３稀土添加剂，进行６０ｄ饲养试验。结果：试验１、２组绵羊平均日增重分别比对照组提高３０．６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和１２．６％（Ｐ＞０．０５）；平均羊毛长度分别比对照组提高２２．１％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和５．５％（Ｐ＞０．０５）；经济效益分别比对照组提高２５．２％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和８．７％（Ｐ＞０．０５％）。试验１组平均日增重，羊毛长度和经济效益分别比２组提高１５．９％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、１５．７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和１５．２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）以试验１组的效果为佳。     

补喂复合益生菌对3~6月龄伊犁马粪便纤维含量、挥发性脂肪酸浓度和血浆细胞因子水平的影响

试验旨在研究补喂复合益生菌对3~6月龄伊犁马粪便纤维含量、VFA浓度和血浆细胞因子水平的影响。选取体重相近（90.23 kg±11.02 kg）、健康状况良好的3月龄伊犁马哺乳马驹10匹,随机分为2组,每组5匹,分别为对照组和试验组。在分阶段补喂等量营养水平的精料补充料和苜蓿干草的基础上,试验组每匹马驹每天补喂0.075 g（2×10¹¹ CFU/g）枯草芽孢杆菌和0.133 g（3×10¹⁰ CFU/g）植物乳杆菌复合菌,进行为期90 d的饲养试验。结果显示,补喂复合益生菌能够显著或极显著降低马驹粪便中酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）和淀粉的含量（P < 0.05;P < 0.01）,分别比对照组低3.50%和11.32%;显著或极显著提高马驹粪便中乙酸和丙酸的浓度（P < 0.05;P < 0.01）,分别比对照组高14.65%和64.29%;极显著提高血浆中肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的水平（P < 0.01）,比对照组高16.17%。由此可见,补喂复合益生菌能够降低马驹粪便中纤维的含量、提高挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）的浓度,增加3~6月龄伊犁马血浆细胞因子水平。     

添加硫辛酸对焉耆马运动性能、血浆抗氧化能力及代谢指标的影响

试验旨在探讨日粮中添加硫辛酸对焉耆马赛后运动性能、血浆抗氧化能力及代谢指标的影响.选取运动成绩、体重、体尺、年龄相近的焉耆马11匹, 随机分为3组,分别为:对照组(3匹)、试验Ⅰ组(4匹)、试验Ⅱ组(4匹).对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加12.5、25 g/(d·匹)的硫辛酸.试验开始第20天对各组马匹进行20 km模拟比赛,赛后30 min内测定各组试验马匹的体温、脉搏、呼吸,同时采集各试验组马匹血液.结果表明,无论是赛后0 min还是赛后20 min,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组测得的心率均极显著低于对照组(P <0.01);试验Ⅰ组焉耆马血浆中GSH-Px活力比对照组高44.30%(P <0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马血浆中SOD活力、T-AOC大小分别比对照组高42.33%(P <0.01)、44.72%(P <0.01)和77.41%(P >0.05)、68.62%(P >0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马血浆中MDA浓度比对照组低41.09%(P <0.05)、23.48%(P >0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马血浆中NEFA浓度与对照组相比有升高的趋势(P >0.05).在饲料中添加硫辛酸,可提高焉耆马运动性能,有利于焉耆马运动后生理指标的快速恢复,提高运动后焉耆马的抗氧化能力,减缓焉耆马在运动期间的疲劳症状,相比而言,添加12.5 g/(d·匹)硫辛酸组效果较佳.     

Thyroid function, metabolic indices and growth performance in pigs fed 00-rapeseed meal

Thyroid function and morphology, liver morphology, some metabolic indices, haematological parameters and growth performance of fattening pigs fed 00-rapeseed meal (00-RPM) were examined. The control group was fed on a standard diet containing 6% sunflower seed meal (SM) during the growing period and 8% during the finishing period. The first experimental group was fed a diet in which SM was replaced by equal (6% and 8%) amounts of 00-RPM. The second experimental group was fed with a higher (8% and 10%) amount of 00-RPM. There were no significant differences between the control and experimental groups in the serum concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Thyroid gland and liver weights were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in both groups fed 00-RPM than in the group fed SM. The epithelium of the thyroid gland was cuboidal or columnar and the follicular area was moderately enlarged in pigs fed 00-RPM. Marked changes in liver histology were not observed. The 00-RPM diet increased (P < 0.01) the serum values of total proteins in the first fattening period. At the end of fattening both groups fed 00-RPM had higher (P < 0.05; P < 0.01) concentrations of plasma glucose than the control group. The inclusion of 10% of 00-RPM during the finishing period increased (P < 0.05) the serum values of insulin. Daily weight gain during the growing and the finishing period was higher (P < 0.05) in the experimental groups than in the control group. The results suggest that 6-10% 00-RPM can be used as a protein source in the diet of fattening pigs without poisonous side effects.     

Effects of supplemental fat on growth performance and quality of beef from steers fed corn finishing diets

To measure the effects of dietary fat on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics, and on beef appearance, moisture binding, shelf life, palatability, and fatty acid content, 126 crossbred beef steers (321.1 +/- 0.57 kg of BW) were allotted to a randomized complete block (3) design with a 3 x 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments. The main effects were level of yellow grease (0, 3, or 6%) and alfalfa hay (3.5 or 7%) in corn-based diets containing 15% potato by-product (PB). The added treatment was 6% tallow and 7% alfalfa in a barley-based diet containing 15% PB. Dry matter intake and ADG were not affected by diet; however, G:F and diet NE content increased linearly (P < 0.10) with yellow grease. Kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (2.0 to 2.3 +/- 0.07) and yield grade (2.8 to 3.1 +/- 0.09) increased linearly (P < or = 0.05) with yellow grease. Steers fed corn plus 6% yellow grease had lower (P < 0.05) beef firmness and beef texture scores but greater (P < 0.01) fat color score than those fed barley plus 6% tallow. Moisture retention of beef was not affected by dietary treatment, except purge score during retail storage, which was decreased linearly (P < 0.01) from 2.1 to 1.6 +/- 0.06 by level of yellow grease. Steaks from steers fed barley plus 6% tallow had greater (P < 0.05) shear force than those from steers fed corn plus 6% yellow grease, and beef flavor increased linearly (P < 0.05) from 6.2 to 6.7 +/- 0.11 as the level of yellow grease increased. Level of yellow grease linearly increased (P < 0.01) transvaccenic acid (TVA) by 61% and CLA content of beef by 48%. Beef from steers fed corn plus yellow grease had lower (P < 0.05) palmitoleic and oleic acids and greater (P < 0.05) linoleic, TVA, and CLA than beef from steers fed the barley-tallow diet. Feeding yellow grease increased diet energy content, which increased carcass fatness, and altered beef fatty acid content, which increased beef flavor without affecting moisture retention, shelf life, or cooking properties of the beef. Additionally, beef from steers fed corn plus 6% yellow grease was more tender and had more polyunsaturated fatty acid content and CLA than beef from steers fed barley plus 6% tallow.     

CLA发酵豆粕对羔羊生长性能、胴体性能和肉品质的影响

选择120只健康、体重(11.77±0.70)kg的黄淮白山羊公羔,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复5只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别用2.5%、5.0%和7.5%CLA发酵豆粕等量替代基础日粮中普通豆粕,预饲期为10 d,正式试验期为30 d。结果表明:CLA发酵豆粕对黄淮白山羊公羔的生长性能均无显著影响(P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体骨重显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组的骨肉比极显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),其他胴体性能无显著差异(P>0.05);CLA发酵豆粕对黄淮白山羊公羔的肉品质而及羔羊肌肉的化学指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on the belly firmness and fatty acid composition of genetically lean pigs.

A study of the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the belly firmness and fatty acid composition of genetically lean pigs was conducted. From 75 to 120 kg live weight, 30 gilts were allowed ad libitum access to a corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with either 1% CLA oil (CLA-60) or 1% sunflower oil (SFO) or were fed the sunflower oil-supplemented diet restricted to the amount consumed by pigs fed the CLA-60 diet (RSFO). Conjugated linoleic acid oil consists of 60% positional and geometric isomers of CLA. Pigs fed SFO exhibited higher average daily gains (0.98 vs 0.80 kg/d, P < 0.01) than RSFO-fed pigs, but there were no effects of dietary treatment on feed intake or feed efficiency. Dietary treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) backfat thickness or longissimus muscle area. Bellies of gilts fed CLA-60 were subjectively evaluated to be firmer (2.91 vs 2.43 or 2.07 +/- 0.13, P < 0.01) than those of SFO- or RSFO-fed gilts, respectively. The longissimus muscle of gilts fed CLA-60 contained more saturated fatty acids (39.77 vs. 36.04 or 36.73 +/- 0.74%, P < 0.001) and less unsaturated fatty acids (60.23 vs 63.96 or 63.27 +/- 0.74%, P < 0.001) than that of gilts fed SFO or RSFO, respectively. The belly fat of gilts fed CLA-60 contained more saturated fatty acids (44.45 vs. 37.50 or 36.60 +/- 0.46%, P < 0.001) and less unsaturated fatty acids (54.78 vs. 61.75 or 62.47 +/- 0.46%, P < 0.001), resulting in lower iodine values (57.69 vs 66.37 or 65.62 +/- 0.91, P < 0.001) than that of gilts fed SFO or RSFO, respectively. Gilts fed CLA-60 accumulated more CLA in the longissimus muscle (0.55 vs 0.09 or 0.09 +/- 0.03%, P < 0.01) and belly fat (1.56 vs. 0.13 or 0.13 +/- 0.15%, P < 0.001) than did gilts fed SFO or RSFO, respectively. Dietary treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) 24-h pH, drip loss or subjective quality evaluations of the longissimus muscle. The effect of supplemental CLA to improve belly firmness is of practical significance and may provide a nutritional solution to carcass fat and belly firmness problems, thereby enhancing the overall value of extremely lean carcasses.     

复合酶制剂对育成雉生长发育及生产性能的影响

研究ZY Ⅱ型复合酶制剂对育成雉生长发育及生产性能的积极影响。Ⅰ组为对照组 ,仅饲喂基础日粮 ;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组 ,分别在基础日粮中添加 1 0 %ZY Ⅱ型复合酶和 1 2 %ZY Ⅱ型复合酶。饲养试验结果表明 ,各试验组平均日增重均极显著高于Ⅰ组 (P <0 0 1 ) ,料重比均显著低于Ⅰ组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;屠宰与肉质分析试验结果表明 ,各试验组胸肌率、腿肌率显著高于Ⅰ组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,胸肌、腿肌中粗蛋白、总氨基酸、总必需氨基酸、天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸含量均高于Ⅰ组 (P >0 0 5 )。在试验组中进行综合比较 ,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组试验效果无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。     

Intake, digestion, and digestive characteristics of Neotyphodium coenophialum-infected and uninfected fescue by heifers offered hay diets supplemented with Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract or laidlomycin propionate

Tarentaise heifers fitted with a rumen cannula (539 +/- 7.5 and 487 +/- 15.7 kg avg initial BW in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively) were used in two Latin square metabolism experiments having 2 x 2 factorial treatment arrangements to determine the effects of supplementation with Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (AO) or laidlomycin propionate (LP) on intake, digestion, and digestive characteristics of Neotyphodium coenophialum-infected (IF) or uninfected (FF) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) hay diets consumed ad libitum. Heifers were housed in individual stanchions in a metabolism facility with ambient temperatures controlled to range between 26.7 and 32.2 degrees C daily. Total feces and urine were collected for 5 d following a 21-d dietary adaptation period. In situ DM and NDF disappearance and ruminal fermentation characteristics were also determined. In Exp. 1, DMI was 24% greater (P < 0.01) by heifers offered FF than by those offered IF (6.7 vs 5.4 kg/d). Heifers fed 2 g/d AO tended (P = 0.09) to consume 4% more DM than those fed a diet without AO. Degradable DM and NDF fractions of IF were greater (P < 0.01) than those of FF, but AO supplementation did not affect situ disappearance (P > or = 0.42). In Exp. 2, DMI was 18.9% greater (P < 0.01) by heifers offered FF than by those offered IF (6.6 vs 5.5 kg/d). Heifers fed LP (50 mg/d) consumed 10.6% less (P < 0.05) DM than those not fed LP (5.7 vs 6/5 kg/d). Digestibility of NDF tended to be greater (P = 0.08) and digestibility of ADF was greater (P < 0.05) from FF than from IF. Conversely, apparent N absorption (%) was greater (P < 0.05) from IF than from FF. Heifers fed LP had lower (P < 0.05) ADF digestibility than those not fed LP. In situ degradable DM and NDF fractions were greater (P < 0.01) from IF than from FF. Diets supplemented with LP had higher (P < 0.01) indigestible DM and NDF fractions than those without LP. Propionic acid and total VFA concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) from heifers offered FF than from those offered IF and from heifers fed LP than from those not fed LP. Therefore, it appears the major effect of N. coenophialum was a reduction in forage intake and total-tract fiber digestibility in certain situations. Response to the feed additives was similar whether heifers were offered IF or FF and no evidence was apparent that either additive would improve performance substantially by animals consuming low-quality fescue hay diets.     

Fatty acid indices of stearoyl-CoA desaturase do not reflect actual stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme activities in adipose tissues of beef steers finished with corn-, flaxseed-, or sorghum-based diets

We hypothesized that stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) enzyme activity would not correlate with fatty acid indices of SCD activity in steers fed different grains. Forty-five Angus steers (358 +/- 26 kg BW) were individually fed for 107 d diets differing in whole cottonseed (WCS) supplementation (0, 5, or 15% of DM) and grain source (rolled corn, flaxseed plus rolled corn, or ground sorghum grain) in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement. Flaxseed- and corn-fed steers had greater (P < 0.01) G:F (0.119 and 0.108, respectively) than sorghum-fed steers (0.093). Marbling score was decreased by WCS (P = 0.04), and LM area was decreased (P < 0.01) by sorghum. Plasma 14:0, 16:0, 16:1n-7, and 18:2n-6 were greatest in corn-fed steers, whereas plasma 18:3n-3 and 20:5n-3 were greatest in the flax-seed-fed steers (P < 0.01). Plasma 18:1trans-11 was least in sorghum-fed steers, and plasma cis-9,trans-11 CLA was barely detectable, in spite of high intestinal mucosal SCD enzyme activity (118 to 141 nmol*g tissue(-1).7 min(-1)). Interfascicular (i.f.) and s.c. cis-9,trans-11 CLA remained unchanged (P > or = 0.25) by treatment, although 18:1trans-11 was increased (P < or = 0.02) in steers fed corn or flaxseed. Steers fed flaxseed also had greater (P < 0.01) i.f. and s.c. concentrations of 18:3n-3 than steers fed the other grain sources. Oleic acid (18:1n-9) was least and total SFA were greatest (P < 0.01) in i.f. adipose tissue of steers fed 15% WCS. Lipogenesis from acetate in s.c. adipose tissue was greater (P < 0.01) in flaxseed-fed steers than in the corn- or sorghum-fed steers. Steers fed flaxseed or corn had larger i.f. mean adipocyte volumes (P < 0.01) than those fed sorghum and tended (P = 0.07) to have larger s.c. adipocyte volumes. Several fatty acid indices of SCD enzyme activity were decreased (P < or = 0.03) by WCS in i.f. adipose tissue, including the 18:2cis-9,trans-11/ 18:1trans-11 ratio. The 18:2cis-9,trans-11/18:1trans-11 ratio also tended to be decreased (P = 0.09) in s.c. adipose tissue by flaxseed; however, SCD enzyme activities in i.f. and s.c. adipose tissue were not affected by dietary WCS (P > or = 0.47) or grain source (P > or = 0.37). Differences in SFA seemed to be independent of SCD enzyme activity in both adipose tissues, suggesting that duodenal concentrations of fatty acids were more important in determining tissue fatty acid concentrations than endogenous desaturation by SCD.     

Effect of dietary palmitic acid on broiler chicks fed on various concentrations of calcium.

1. The effect of dietary palmitic acid on body weight and bone-ash of chicks fed three concentrations of calcium was studied in a 2 X 3 factorial design (0 and 10% palmitic acid, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.0% calcium). 2. Body weight of chick not influenced by the calcium concentration when palmitic acid was not included in the diet. 3. When 10% palmitic acid was included the body weight of chicks fed 0.4 and 0.7% calcium was lower (P less than 0.01) than for the other groups. 4. Bone-ash was lower (P less than 0.01) for chicks fed 0.4% calcium than for the other two calcium concentrations when palmitic acid was not added and palmitic acid at 10% of the diet reduced bone-ash of the chicks fed 0.4 and 0.7% calcium (P less than 0.01).