水田田埂边界支持向量机检测方法

提出了基于支持向量机的水田田埂边界线的检测算法。采用支持向量机分类算法代替传统的图像分割算法,分割水田图像,提高了在不同光照条件下田埂边界检测的鲁棒性。图像预处理阶段引入超像素分割算法,大大减少了后续图像处理的计算量,并为支持向量机的模型训练提供大量的样本。选取足够数量的超像素样本,提取其颜色特征和纹理特征,构成19维的特征向量,并作为训练支持向量机模型的输入。使用训练好的支持向量机模型识别新图像中的水田田埂区域,模型评价指标F1分数达到90. 7%。采用霍夫变换提取田埂边界,在NVIDIA的Jetson TX2硬件平台上,算法总运行时间在0. 8 s以内,有效满足了水田直播机的实时性要求。     

小波变换在农田图像边缘检测中的应用

为了给农业机器人田间行走提供准确导航方向线,以农田景物为研究对象,提出用紧支撑双正交小波变换检测图像中的边缘,并改进了传统的小波算法。运用此方法,在计算机上对图像做边缘提取的实验。实验结果表明,该方法能够得到连续、光滑、单像素宽边缘链图像。程序的单幅图像处理平均效率为0.12s,不仅证明了该算法能够达到实时检测、自主导航的要求,而且也表明这种边缘提取方法是有效和可行的。     

基于辅助线的农机视觉导航路径提取算法研究

针对不同场景下的农机视觉导航路径提取方法适用性、抗干扰性差的问题,提出一种基于辅助线的农机视觉导航路径提取算法。首先,对均衡化处理后的农田图像采用1.8G-R-0.8B颜色模型进行灰度化,得到目标与背景区分明显的图像;其次,使用OTSU法阈值分割,对二值图像进行先开后闭运算的形态学处理方法去除图像噪声;最后,根据垂直投影法进行相应的辅助线处理,并结合改进的ROI方法提取感兴趣区域,确定导航定位点,进而最小二乘法将定位点拟合得到导航路径。仿真试验结果及对比表明：本文算法提取路径的欧式距离为1 001.9,路径提取精度相对于传统Hough方法提高47.9%,且对高分辨率图像提取时间缩短79.6%,满足农机具导航路径提取的要求的同时且具有更高的普适性。     

多尺度SIFT特征匹配的足迹图像拼接方法

为了增强图像细节、提高匹配精度,提出了一种基于小波变换的多尺度SIFT特征匹配的足迹图像拼接方法.该方法对预处理的图像进行小波变换,把低频系数设为零,高频系数进行阈值调整并反变换后,再利用对于尺度具有鲁棒性的SIFT算法对处理后的图像进行特征点的提取与匹配.对于粗匹配产生的误匹配对,应用随机抽样一致性算法(RANSAC)进行筛选,并通过与原始图像的拼接作比较显示该方法的优越性.实验结果证明该方法使图像细节更为清晰,提高了匹配精度,而且较原始方法有一定程度的提高.     

基于离散小波变换特征的农作物叶片表面农药残留检测方法

农药残留检测方法易受到叶片图像空间噪声的干扰,检测精度较低。为此,提出基于离散小波变换特征的农作物叶片表面农药残留检测方法。采用多模态融合网络对农作物叶片表面特征向量进行提取,在网络模型中引入注意力模块对特征向量进行非对称模态融合处理,以消除空间噪声,并通过对叶片图像的边缘进行过滤与校正,以分割叶片图像边缘,结合离散小波变换特征算法对原始图像进行逐级分解变换,并求取叶片表面光谱反射率,以此确定叶片表面感兴趣区域,基于此,利用特征光谱处理方法对农药的光谱进行判别,以此实现农药残留检测。对比实验结果表明,所提方法对于农作物叶片表面农药残留检测具有较高的检测精度。     

基于三维小波变换的农机CAD模型特征提取与评价方法

为提高三维CAD模型特征提取准确度,满足农业机械制造领域CAD模型智能化检索需求,提出一种三维CAD模型的特征提取与评价方法。首先对农业机械模型库中三维模型进行平移归一化、旋转归一化、尺度归一化处理,规范化后的CAD模型进行三维离散小波变换,CAD模型经过单层三维小波变换后被表示为8个维度的频域系数子空间;然后对低频子空间LxLyLz进行二次小波变换,二层级小波变换后单个CAD模型被分解为15个特征量,采用AHP层次分析法确定不同频域空间特征量权重,以距离度量法定义含有权重系数的相似性度量值,完成不同模型间特征提取及相似性比较,计算并建立三维CAD模型频域特征索引表;最后以VS2010与Matlab 2016b为开发环境,以Open Cascade为几何造型平台,使用ESB通用模型库及农业机械零部件参数化模型库验证算法有效性。在ESB模型库中T型零件检索结果表明,在保持相同查准率条件下,本文小波变换算法排序误差更小。拨禾轮CAD模型检索结果显示,相似性评价度量方法不仅考虑模型的形态相似性,同时兼顾了应用领域语义相似性,算法实用性高。农机装配体检索实例应用结果表明,借助本文检索算法,可从海量模型库中检索出所需模型,根据实际设计要求对检索出的相似模型进行编辑和修改,可快速完成零部件模块化设计。三维小波变换检索算法查准率受小波函数性质影响,coif类小波函数具有较强的检索适用性,层次分析法能有效区分不同分解层权重,二层级小波变换能够达到现阶段机械零件模型检索精度要求。小波变换设计重用检索算法可满足模型检索设计需求,拓宽设计者设计思路,促进智能化设计。     

基于模式识别的农田目标定位线检测

根据农田图像的特点,采用K-means模式识别算法,实现农作物与背景的分离.通过对二值图像进行水平扫描.检测定位区域和定位点,利用定位点的坐标信息确定聚类判别函数,实现农田目标定位线的检测.多幅农田图像实验表明,定位线能够正确提取出来.该算法处理640×480像素的彩色图像蒂要0,12 s,在自动导航系统中是一种有效、快速的图像处理算法.     

基于改进Alpha Shapes算法的农机作业面积测量

农田作业面积测量方法层出不穷,但在对小块田地与不规则田地进行面积测量时会出现较大的误差,为此设计基于改进后的Alpha Shapes算法农机作业面积测量方法。利用改进后的Alpha Shapes算法对农机作业定位点集进行处理,实现对小块农田和不规则农田作业轮廓的精准提取,采用Delaunay三角剖分算法计算出农田作业面积。试验结果表明:基于改进后的Alpha Shapes算法的小块农田和不规则农田进行面积测量时误差率分别为1.5%和3.5%,其他测量方法对小块农田和不规则农田进行面积测量误差率普遍维持在3.5%和5%以上。结果表明采用改进Alpha Shapes算法的农机作业面积测量方法在对小块农田和不规则田地进行面积测量时,精度较高,满足试验设计要求。     

农情监测多旋翼无人机系统开发及性能评估

现代农业要求农业生产者实时、准确、全面地了解农作物的生长环境和生长状态。与传统的人工田间调查方式相比,无人机是一种高效的农田信息获取平台。本研究将自主研发的八旋翼无人机与农田信息采集设备进行整合,形成了一套用于农情监测的无人机系统,实现了无人机按照预设航线自动巡航并采集农田遥感图像、地理位置信息以及环境照度信息。经测试,在飞行中,图像采集设备能够稳定维持垂直对地的姿态并进行拍摄,采集的数据能够拼接成完整的农田正射影遥感图像。测试结果表明研发的无人机系统能够满足低空农情监测作业要求。与商业化产品相比,该系统避免了因任务设备与飞机独立工作而导致重拍、漏拍的情况,实现了无人机与任务设备高效协同作业。     

基于高光谱和连续投影算法的棉花叶面积指数估测

为实现快速、无损、实时监测不同灌溉处理下棉花植株叶面积指数,借助高光谱遥感技术获取了棉花植株4个生育期的冠层反射率,同时获取每株棉花的叶面积指数,用一阶导数、二阶导数、标准正态变换,多元散射校正、小波分析等光谱预处理方法,经过连续投影算法提取特征波段,用偏最小二乘法建立4个生育期（总体）和各生育期的高光谱估算模型。对比6种预处理方法在4个生育期和各生育期建模精度表明,4个生育期（总体）、蕾期、花期、花铃期的小波分解尺度为4、2、8、2,模型分别为CWT-SPA-PLS、CWT-FD-SPA-PLS、CWT-SPA-PLS、CWT-FD-SPA-PLS时可取得较好的精度;经二阶导数处理后,铃期可取得较好的结果,R2和RPD分别0.973、5.3295,优于其他预处理。试验结果表明,利用预处理方法尤其是小波分析方法得到的光谱信息可有效估测棉花4个生育期（总体）和各生育期的叶面积指数。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。