一种再造烟叶纸质滤棒的开发研究

为拓展再造烟叶材料化及新型滤棒应用思路,形成一项再造烟叶纸质滤棒配方和技术,对纤维质量、片基性能、滤棒成型工艺及其性能进行分析研究。结果表明：采用针叶浆、阔叶浆、烟草浆组配开发的纸质滤棒片基抗张强度、湿强度及柔软性较好,可满足纸质滤棒成型要求,但片基的组织结构不同;在滤棒成型参数确定,滤棒长度、圆周和硬度基本不变的情况下,随着片基定量、幅宽的增加,滤棒重量和吸阻增加;片基定量、幅宽与滤棒重量、吸阻间具有极显著的关系,建立的模型可预测滤棒重量和吸阻。     

新闻纸的制备方法

新闻纸,俗名白报纸,主要供印刷报纸和杂志用。纸质松软,一般不施胶,具有较大的吸收性能,以保证油墨很快地固定在印迹上。生产新闻纸的造纸原料要掺入较大比例的长纤维机械浆,而大麻纤维是一种造纸的优质原料,在大麻全秆总质量中,大麻韧皮纤维只占20％,而大麻秆芯却占80％。由于大麻秆芯纤维平均只有0.55毫米长,被认为是利用价值低的原料。因此,如何将大麻秆芯利用于造纸工业中,获取最大的效益,是我们不断研究和探索的课题。     

纤维素酶预处理对杨木APMP浆配抄性能的影响

为了改善杨木高得率浆的配抄性能,扩大其应用范围,研究探讨了纤维素酶预处理对杨木碱性过氧化氢机械浆(APMP浆)配抄性能的影响。结果表明,与未经过酶预处理的杨木APMP浆相比,酶处理后APMP浆打浆能耗最大可降低19%,纤维吸水润胀程度增加,保水值增加12.6%;与不同比例针叶木漂白硫酸盐浆(BKP浆)配抄后,纸张的裂断长、耐破指数和撕裂指数均有所提高,最大可分别提高6.1%,44.6%和30.3%,纸张的松厚度、白度和不透明度稍有降低。纤维质量分析仪(FQA)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析结果显示,酶处理后纤维平均长度增加7.0个百分点,细小纤维组分减少10.0%,纤维卷曲指数降低22.4%,结晶度提高0.7%。可见,纤维素酶预处理可以改善杨木APMP浆的配抄性能,提高纸浆纤维质量,所配抄的纸张的物理强度性能指标有显著提高。     

果胶酶预处理对工业大麻秆纤维分离影响初探

为了降低生物质材料纤维分离的难度、能耗和污染物排放,研究了不同果胶酶预处理条件对工业大麻秆纤维分离程度和纤维形态的影响。结果表明,果胶酶预处理可以提高工业大麻秆纤维分离的程度,提高1~3根纤维的比例和优化纤维形态;当果胶酶预处理温度为50℃、果胶酶浓度为1.0%、处理时间为3 h时,用果胶酶预处理的工业大麻秆经高浓度盘磨机分离后,纤维形态得到优化,1~3根纤维比例增加。     

密度与云烟87上部烟叶性状及烟碱含量的关系

研究了种植密度对云烟87上部烟叶长度、宽度、厚度的影响,探讨了种植密度与上部烟叶烟碱含量及糖碱比值的关系,并比较分析了不同种植密度下云烟87的上等烟百分率与产值.结果表明:种植密度与云烟87上部烟叶的宽度及厚度呈显著的负相关关系(P<0.05),与长度及总烟碱含量呈极显著的负相关关系(P<0.01),而与糖碱比值呈显著的正相关关系(P<0.05);在湖南省嘉禾县,云烟87的最佳种植密度为1 212株/666.7 m2,在该密度下,云烟87上部烟叶中B2F等级烟叶的厚度为119.2μm、总烟碱含量为3.43%、糖碱比值为8.10,均符合优质上部烟叶的标准;适当提高种植密度,不但可以降低上部烟叶的厚度与烟碱含量、提高糖碱比值,而且能提高上部烟叶的可用性,并能提高上等烟的百分率与产值.     

打浆过程预添加CMC对杨木APMP浆悬浮液屈服应力的影响

为考察打浆过程中添加羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)对杨木碱性过氧化氢化学机械浆(APMP浆)悬浮液屈服应力的影响,在分析杨木APMP浆打浆度与屈服应力关系的基础上,先添加一定量的CMC-Na对杨木APMP浆进行预处理10 min后,再分别用瓦利打浆机和PFI磨打浆处理,分析不同打浆方式以及添加CMC-Na预处理后对杨木APMP浆的打浆度和屈服应力的影响。结果表明:对于相同打浆度的杨木APMP浆,屈服应力(τ_y)随着浆料质量分数(C_m)的增加而迅速增加,且符合指数方程τ_y=aC_m~b,其中a与b值与打浆方式和打浆度的大小密切相关;经低浓度游离状的瓦利打浆机处理的浆料,其屈服应力随着打浆度的增加而减小,而中高浓度黏状的PFI磨打浆处理结果则相反。打浆过程预添加CMC-Na时,浆料打浆度随CMC-Na添加量(以绝干浆质量计)的增加先升高后降低;当CMC-Na添加量为2%并预处理10 min时,经瓦利打浆机处理的浆料打浆度可由45°SR提高到48°SR,而经PFI磨处理的浆料打浆度可由40°SR提高到50°SR,并且浆料悬浮液的屈服应力均达到最低值,分别为16.4和22.8 Pa(浆料质量分数为3%)。     

亚硫酸盐蔗渣浆的纤维素酶水解及其机理研究

研究了影响纤维素酶水解亚硫酸盐蔗渣浆的一些影响因素,采用离子色谱、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对水解液成分、纤维素超分子结构及纤维形态的变化进行了分析。结果表明,在最适条件下,未漂浆和漂白浆的水解得率分别为74.89%和70.67%,漂白浆的水解得率低于未漂浆。水解产生的纤维二糖的质量浓度随反应进行逐渐降低,其中未漂浆的纤维二糖质量浓度由6 h时的7.95 g/L降到了72 h时的2.44 g/L,漂白浆的纤维二糖质量浓度由6 h时的6.59 g/L降到了72 h时的3.11 g/L。酶解使纤维素结晶度升高,但没有改变晶型。     

工业麻秆芯缓冲包装材料的开发研究

对机械法制备工业麻秆芯纤维发泡缓冲包装材料的影响因素进行了研究。研究表明胶黏剂的添加顺序为聚乙烯醇、明胶、甲基纤维素,质量比为2：1：1。机械法制备发泡缓冲材料的优化工艺为：麻秆芯纤维添加量为30%,胶黏剂用量为15%,发泡剂用量为2%,填料用量为15%。优化工艺条件下制备的发泡材料外观量化评分为10,密度为0.092g/cm3,回弹率为20.5%,初步达到缓冲包装材料的要求。     

两种商品木浆的纸浆性能研究

选取市场上具有代表性的两种商品针、阔叶木浆进行PFI打浆处理,研究在不同打浆度下浆料纤维质量、动态滤水性能、Zeta电位、微观结构等方面的变化,并对不同比例配抄条件下的成纸性能进行考察,结果表明:针、阔叶浆的打浆度与打浆转数之间的关系均符合线性分布:y=17.7503+0.0015x,R^2=0.9914(针叶浆);y=8.8986+0.00275x,R^2=0.9734(阔叶浆);经PFI打浆后,两种木浆纤维长度、宽度变化较小,细小组分含量变化明显;随着打浆度的升高,两者的滤水性能下降,Zeta电位先上升然后基本保持不变;初始打浆度下,随着针叶浆比例的减少、阔叶浆比例的增加,成纸的抗张强度先下降再增大,厚度逐渐下降至不变,定量逐渐增加,柔软度逐渐下降;随着打浆度的升高,成纸的抗张强度增大,厚度、定量逐渐下降,针叶浆成纸柔软度逐渐下降,阔叶浆成纸柔软度先升高再逐渐降低。     

速生黑杨枝桠材纤维形态、化学组分及APMP制浆性能的研究

测定了3种速生黑杨枝桠材(ZY)的纤维形态和化学组分,并对其碱性过氧化氢机械浆(APMP)制浆性能进行了初步探讨。纤维形态分析结果表明,纤维平均长度0.6 mm,宽度20μm,长宽比值30,壁腔比值0.4~0.6,含细小组分10%~20%,纤维粗度8~10 mg(以100 m计)。化学组分分析结果显示(均以质量分数计):1%NaOH抽出物22%,苯-乙醇抽出物2.0%,硝酸-乙醇纤维素44%~47%,聚戊糖24%~25%,酸不溶木质素18%~21%。速生黑杨枝桠材的壁腔比和纤维粗度较小,细小组分含量少,抽出物、木质素和聚戊糖含量相对较低,这些特点有利于制浆造纸生产及成纸性能;但其纤维粗短,长宽比值小,对成纸的物理强度显著不利。采用APMP工艺对速生黑杨枝桠材制浆,结果表明枝桠材(去皮)APMP浆的成纸强度性能明显好于枝桠材(带皮)APMP浆,但与主干材相比还有一定差距。     

Investigation on physical and mechanical properties of pulp–plastic composites from bagasse

High-density polyethylene (HDPE), bagasse fibers treated by four pulping processes (AS-AQ (alkaline sulfite anthraquinone), SODA-AQ (soda anthraquinone), MEA (monoethanolamine) and chemical–mechanical pulping (CMP)), three levels of nano-SiO₂ (0, 2, and 5?wt%), and maleic anhydride polyethylene as coupling agent were used to produce pulp–plastic composites (PPCs) by injection molding. The physical and mechanical properties of corresponding composites were evaluated according to ASTM standards. The results showed that compared to untreated bagasse/HDPE composite, the addition of bagasse pulp fibers increased significantly the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, and hardness. The chemical pulps-reinforced composites showed better mechanical strengths than that of CMP-reinforced composites, but in some properties, CMP pulp composites have comparable results to the chemical pulp-reinforced composites. Natural fibers (untreated and treated) increased water absorption and thickness swelling of composites compared to pure HDPE. The addition of nano-SiO₂ particles showed both increasing and decreasing trends on physical and mechanical properties ofPPCs.     

阳离子纸浆纤维的制备及其用作造纸湿部添加剂的研究(英文)

Cationized pulp fibers （CPF） were prepared by the adsorption of a novel biodegradable cationic ester quaternary ammonium salt （31441） on bleached softwood kraft pulp fibers. The optimized conditions for the CPF preparation were： 4% of 31441 （based on oven-dry pulp）, 80℃ and 30 rain. The CPF was characterized by FT-IR, SEM and XPS. Experimental results showed that the CPF improved the retention of precipitated calcium carbonate （PCC） filler significantly. With 0.9% CPF （based on oven-dry pulp）, the retention of PCC increased from 57.53% to 72.21%. The physical properties of paper were also slightly improved. The tensile strength and burst strength of the paper with CPF were higher than those with CPAM. CPF addition had no effect on the stock drainage.     

麦草低温氧碱蒸煮黑液降黏技术

麦草经碱法蒸煮后,所得浆料不经洗涤,直接通入氧气进行处理。以黑液黏度,浆料卡伯值为考核指标,设置4因素3水平正交试验,对试验结果作极差分析发现,在用碱量0～2%、氧压0.2～0.6 MPa、温度70～100℃和时间30～90 min内得到较适宜的工艺条件为:用碱量1%,氧压0.6 MPa,温度85℃,时间60 min。氧碱蒸煮结果为:黑液黏度3.4 mPa.s,浆料卡伯值17.9。与第一段碱法蒸煮相比,黑液黏度降低33.3%,浆料卡伯值降低11.8%。     

Sulfuric acid bleaching of kraft pulp 1: Bleaching of hardwood and softwood kraft pulps

To develop a new nonchlorine bleaching technology, hardwood and softwood kraft pulps, before and after oxygen-alkali predelignification, were treated with dilute sulfuric acid solutions (pH 1.0-1.8) at 100°C for 1 h and then extracted with aqueous sodium hydroxide at 70°C for l h. Hardwood kraft pulp was successfully bleached. The delignification selectivity was similar to that seen with oxygen-alkali bleaching; and it was greatly enhanced by the addition of sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite. The sulfuric acid bleaching can replace the presently adopted oxygen and chlorine stages if the additives are allowed. This bleaching process was also effective for oxygen-bleached hardwood kraft pulp, but it was less effective for softwood kraft pulp and oxygen-bleached softwood kraft pulp. The effectiveness of the addition of sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite was more apparent for softwood kraft pulp than for hardwood kraft pulp.Part of this report was presented at the 7th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, Beijing, July 1993     

Acetic acid pulping of wheat straw under atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric acetic acid pulping of wheat straw was carried out. Pulping conditions and their effects on pulp properties were investigated in detail, and a comparison between acetic acid (AcOH) pulp and soda-anthraquinone (AQ) pulps of wheat straw was made of the chemical composition, strength, and fiber morphology of the pulps. Wheat straw was successfully pulped and fractionated into pulp (cellulose), acetic acid lignin, and sugars (monosaccharides from hemicellulose), making it easy to utilize them. It was found that among the pulping conditions the dosage of H₂SO₄ as catalyst was the most notable, and the extent and rate of delignification could be controlled by varying the amount of the catalyst. The results also showed that acetic acid pulp was quite different from soda-AQ pulp. About 70% of the ash or 90% of the silica in wheat straw were kept in AcOH pulp. The ash might function as filler and be beneficial to the printability of paper. It was known that many epidermal cells existed in AcOH pulp in bundles or in single cells. These ash-rich nonfiber cells seemed to hinder the bonding between fibers. AcOH pulp had lower strength than soda-AQ pulp, which might result mainly from the chemical damage of fibers caused by acid, not from the depolymerization of cellulose.Part of this paper was presented at the 65th Pulp and Paper Research Conference of Japan TAPPI, Tokyo, June 1998     

水性树脂底漆对木材表面润湿性的影响

水性树脂底漆对木材表面润湿性能的影响是决定木器涂装质量的关键因素.为了给木器水性漆涂装提供基本依据,选择松木、杉木、橡木、奥古曼和非洲紫檀5种木材,研究水性丙烯酸树脂底漆、水性丙烯酸改性聚氨酯底漆、双组分水性丙烯酸树脂对其表面润湿性能的影响.采用正交试验设计方案,以漆种、底漆质量分数、树种和干磨砂纸粒度为影响润湿性的因...     

不同时期插穗内营养物质含量对榛子扦插生根的影响

研究不同时期欧榛、杂交榛插穗内"可溶性糖含量"、"总N含量"、"可溶性蛋白含量"及"C/N比",分析4种指标含量与插穗生根的关系。结果表明:无论是硬枝或嫩枝插穗,生根率都与"C/N比"正相关,嫩枝插穗体内"可溶性糖"、"总N"、"可溶性蛋白"也与生根率正相关;硬枝插穗内虽有高于嫩枝插穗的"可溶性糖"和"总N"含量,但"可溶性蛋白含量"及"C/N比"低于嫩枝插穗,因而不利于生根。     

稻草氧碱浆疏解特性的研究

对稻草经氧碱蒸煮后进行疏解,研究疏解对稻草氧碱浆滤水性能的影响,并分析纤维质量、浆中灰分及硅含量的变化。结果表明:去除杂细胞后浆料的打浆度能降低近10°SR,疏解对浆料滤水性能的下降作用明显,同时疏解对纤维细胞的变形作用影响了浆料的打浆度,而杂细胞的存在与否对疏解浆料的打浆度影响不明显。与除杂浆料相比,未除杂浆料在疏解过程中细小纤维组分增加3.7个百分点,未除杂浆的扭结指数、卷曲指数、纤维宽度以及所含灰分中的硅含量随疏解而下降。     

化学还原处理改善杨木过氧化氢机械浆白度稳定性研究

分别采用硼氢化钠、亚硫酸氢钠及其混合物处理杨木APMP漂白机械浆，优化了处理条件，研究了不同化学药品对纸浆还原处理后改善白度稳定性效果。结果表明硼氢化钠处理杨木漂白化机浆不但能够显著改善其白度稳定性而且对纸浆具有漂白作用。加入亚硫酸氢钠混合处理纸浆可大幅度减少硼氢化钠用量，并能取得类似的改善纸浆白度稳定性效果。杨木碱性氧化氢漂白机械浆光诱导返色有其固有特点，傅立叶红外光谱显示，纸浆木质素中的羰基和酚羟基结构基团是引起纸浆光诱导返色的主要原因。