甘南州蕨麻猪疥螨病的防治

蕨麻猪是生活在青藏高原的一个原始地方品种,由于其耐高寒、粗放管理,深受广大藏族群众的喜爱.但蕨麻猪疥螨病的发生,给养殖户带来很大损失.本文着重阐述了蕨麻猪疥螨病的发生、流行特点,并结合临床症状、病理特征、药物防治试验等,提出了蕨麻猪疥螨病的防治技术.     

蕨麻多糖对小鼠免疫细胞信号转导相关分子的影响

以50、100、200、400μg/mL的蕨麻多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞在体外分别孵育4、8、12、24 h,测定了细胞培养液中一氧化氮（NO）、6-酮-PGF1α及血栓素B2（TXB2）的水平和细胞内cGMP的含量,测定了加入蕨麻多糖后2、5、10 min时细胞内游离钙离子（Ca^2＋）的浓度。结果显示,蕨麻多糖能明显促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌一氧化氮,显著升高小鼠脾淋巴细胞内cGMP及钙离子的水平,对细胞内TXB2的产生有抑制作用,能够调整花生四烯酸体系向6-酮-PGF1α一端偏移。提示蕨麻多糖能够增强脾淋巴细胞的免疫作用。     

迭部县蕨麻猪品种特性调查与分析

蕨麻猪也叫山猪、藏香猪,是甘南地区合作猪小型原始品种的地方猪种,归属于高原类型。本文主要介绍了蕨麻猪的形成与分布、品种特征、生产性能、饲养管理及常见病的预防,分析了蕨麻猪的市场前景,以期为发展蕨麻猪养殖业的养殖户(场)提供参考。     

甘南州蕨麻猪mtDNA D-环序列的起源及遗传多样性分析

为了研究甘南州蕨麻猪mtDNA D-环序列起源与遗传多样性,利用文献报道的1对引物对蕨麻猪mtDNA D-环序列进行PCR扩增及测序,对所得数据进行单倍型、遗传多样性、系统发育树和网络关系分析.分析结果显示,135头蕨麻猪mtDNA D-环序列表现出3种长度变异,其中4个序列长度为1 199 bp,3个序列长度是1 319 bp,127个序列长度为1 219 bp.对127个长度为1 219 bp的序列进行分析,发现83个单倍型.单倍型比例、单倍型多样度、核苷酸多样度和平均核苷酸差异数在卡加曼蕨麻猪最高,而在夏河蕨麻猪为最低.系统发育树和网络关系分析均将83个单倍型分为2个分支,说明蕨麻猪具有2个母系起源.与其他猪种mtDNA D-环序列比较,蕨麻猪与东南沿海野猪有较近的亲缘关系,没有发现东亚与东南亚野猪对蕨麻猪的起源有贡献的证据.     

蕨麻猪生长激素基因的同源性和多态性分析

为了探索蕨麻猪的遗传多样性,对蕨麻猪生长激素基因序列的多态性进行研究,并选择GenBank中14条序列作为比较研究对象;首次成功克隆了7条蕨麻猪生长激素基因,测出5条蕨麻猪生长激素基因DNA序列,其多态性是内含子1有1个转换和1个颠换;内含子2有2个转换。说明蕨麻猪之间的差异可能与内含子的控制有关。蕨麻猪与其他14种猪之间在编码区和非编码区共检测到核苷酸的变异为155个,内含子有119个,外显子有28个,5′端有8个。其中,颠换104个,转换14个,缺失23个,插入14个。出现碱基取代的位点中,大多数是颠换型突变,颠换与转换之比为7.43∶1,存在颠换偏倚现象。对蕨麻猪生长激素基因同源性百分数和趋异数分析,结果发现,蕨麻猪与小型猪相比同源性较近,蕨麻猪与大型猪同源性较远。蕨麻猪等15 种猪生长激素基因序列树状图分析,结果表明,蕨麻猪与Vize猪有较远的亲缘关系;蕨麻猪与贵州榕江香猪亲缘关系最近。     

甘南蕨麻猪的生态分布及其生产性能

本文针对甘肃甘南藏族自治州的蕨麻猪,就其产地自然生态条件,产区范围,分布及蕨麻猪的生物特性,生产性能及放牧管理情况进行了介绍,指出甘南蕨麻猪是甘南雪域高原上一种珍贵的特殊猪种,极具开发利用价值,应引起重视.     

蕨麻多糖对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖和一氧化氮分泌的影响

为探讨蕨麻多糖（Potentilla anserine polysaccharide，PAP）免疫调节的作用机理，观察了PAP对小鼠脾淋巴细胞体外增殖和分泌一氧化氮的影响。结果显示，50mg／L PAP配合ConA或LPS（lipopolysaccharide，脂多糖）能使小鼠脾淋巴细胞在体外显著增殖（P〈0．05）；100、200及400mg／L PAP配合ConA或LPS可使小鼠脾淋巴细胞在体外极显著增殖（P〈0．01）；与对照组相比，PAP以不同浓度（50～400mg／L）处理小鼠脾淋巴细胞后一氧化氮分泌量均显著升高（P〈0．05）。试验结果表明，蕨麻多糖能明显促进体外培养的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖和分泌一氧化氮，与ConA或LPS有协同作用。     

蕨麻猪种质资源保护与开发利用

对蕨麻猪现状及自然生态环境系统进行了分析 ,提出了蕨麻猪种质资源保护的内容及相关措施 ,认为蕨麻猪种质资源保护应当从原种数量、种群遗传结构、种群纯洁性和种质资源的合理利用等方面综合考虑 ,并建立相应的保护该种质资源的法律法规。     

甘南蕨麻猪的生态分布及其生产性能

本文针对甘肃甘南藏族自治区的蕨麻猪，就其产地自然生态条件，产区范围，分布及蕨麻猪的生物特性，生产性能及放牧管理情况进行了介绍，指出甘南蕨麻猪是甘南雪域高原上一种珍贵的特殊猪种，极具开发利用价值，应引起重视。     

不同海拔地区两种小型猪血液生理生化指标比较

本试验旨在比较高原蕨麻小型猪与平原巴马小型猪的血液生理生化指标差异,为高原蕨麻小型猪的实验动物化提供理论基础.试验分别在高原地区和西安市采集高原蕨麻小型猪与巴马小型猪血样,检测10项血液生理指标和14项血液生化指标,并对结果进行统计分析.结果显示,血液生理指标中高原蕨麻小型猪的红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)、红细胞平均血红蛋白含量(MCH)、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度(MCMH)均极显著高于巴马小型猪(P< 0.01),血小板(PLT)、红细胞分布列宽变异系数(RDW-CV)和红细胞分布宽度标准差(RDW-SD)与巴马小型猪相比差异显著(P< 0.05);血液生化指标中高原蕨麻小型猪γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT)、葡萄糖(GLU)、肌酐(CRE)均极显著高于巴马小型猪(P< 0.01),其余指标均无显著差异(P> 0.05).结果表明,高原蕨麻小型猪具有低氧适应的生理特征,与巴马小型猪相比有独特的高原适应性,具有开发成为高原疾病动物模型的潜力.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。