Melatonin: its inhibition of pineal antigonadotrophic activity in male hamsters

Exposure of male hamsters to short daily photoperiods (1 hour of light and 23 hours of darkness daily for 9 weeks led to total involution of the testes and accessory sex organs (seminal vesicles and coagulating glands). Pituitary levels of immunoreactive prolaction also decreased by about 60 percent after dark exposure. The inhibitory effects of darkness on the reproductive organs were prevented either by pinealectomy or by the subcutaneous implantation of a melatonin-beeswax pellet into the animals each week. Both pinealectomy and melatonin treatment also returned pituitary levels of prolactin toward normal. The results suggest that melatonin is not the pineal antigonadotrophic factor in the male golden hamster.     

雅南猪(南河系)母猪生殖器官及生殖机能发育初步观察

<正> 关于母猪生殖器官发育及排卵规律的研究,国内外已有一些报道,但四川雅南猪的有关材料还未见报道,本试验是根据《我国主要地方猪种质特性测定》的任务进行的,其目的是为这一地方良种猪的繁育工作提供科学依据。     

Thyroxine: effects of neonatal administration on maturation, development, and behavior

Thyroxine was administered to infant rats within the first 3 days of postnatal life; controls receiving 0.01N NaOH were from the same litter. Thyroxine accelerated the maturation of the pituitary-adrenal response to elec tric shock. The "startle response" ap peared earlier in the experimental ani mals, as did the development and re sponse of the electroencephalogram to novel stimuli. The thyroxine-treated rats, when 16 to 18 days old, acquired a conditioned-avoidance response faster than did controls.     

绍兴麻鸭睾丸发育形态学的研究

对发育期的绍兴麻鸭睾丸作组织学观察与研究显示:绍兴麻鸭睾丸及曲细精管的发育具有阶段性;睾丸重量及其在体重中所占比例均高;在孵出时已见到精原细胞分裂相;八周龄时即已出现精子,表明绍兴麻鸭生精过程明显早于已报道的其他禽种,本文还对睾酮产生部位及生精细胞增殖形式等进行了讨论。     

红鳍东方鲀抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH)基因在不同发育时期的组织表达

为研究抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH)基因在红鳍东方鲀Takifugu rubripes各组织和不同发育时期的表达情况以及在性别分化和性腺发育等过程中的作用,利用荧光实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术对红鳍东方鲀成鱼的肾脏、脑、心脏、脾脏、肝脏、精巢和卵巢等组织进行了amh基因的表达分析以及不同发育时期(23、30、40、60、80日龄及2龄和3龄鱼)红鳍东方鲀个体水平上amh基因的表达分析。结果表明:红鳍东方鲀3龄成鱼脾脏、肾脏和肝脏中的amh基因表达量极显著高于其他组织(P0.01),在精巢和心脏中的表达量极显著高于卵巢和脑(P0.01),其中脾脏中表达量最高,脑中表达量最低;红鳍东方鲀23日龄、30日龄、2龄和3龄鱼中,雄鱼amh基因的表达量极显著高于同期雌鱼(P0.01),而60日龄和80日龄时雌鱼表达量显著高于雄鱼(P0.05),40日龄时雌、雄鱼的表达量无显著性差异(P0.05),3龄时雌、雄个体性腺中amh基因的表达量均显著高于2龄鱼(P0.05);雄性幼鱼amh基因的表达量从23~30日龄呈增长趋势,且在30日龄时达到最高,随后逐渐降低,而雌鱼整体amh基因的表达量也呈现先升高后降低的趋势,80日龄时雌鱼amh基因表达量最高。研究表明,amh基因在红鳍东方鲀的性腺发育和性别分化过程中发挥着一定的作用。     

雄激素对去势大鼠弓状核AR蛋白表达的影响

为了探讨雄激素（androgen）对去势大鼠弓状核（ARC）内雄激素受体（AR）表达的影响。将30只3月龄雄性健康SD大鼠随机分为GM组（睾丸摘除组）、IMC组（假手术组）、GM＋T组（睾丸摘除并用睾酮替代组）,注射雄激素4周后灌注取材。结果表明,睾九摘除组大鼠弓状核内AR蛋白的表达显著减少,睾丸摘除并用睾酮替代组大鼠弓状核内AR蛋白的表达接近正常水平。说明去睾丸大鼠由于缺乏内源性雄激素,引起弓状核内AR蛋白表达减少,而补充外源性雄激素可抑制这一变化。     

诺丽营养器官内的总黄酮含量及消长规律

利用紫外分光光度法对诺丽(Noni)营养器官及枝叶不同生长阶段中总黄酮含量的消长规律进行研究,以探索诺丽营养器官内总黄酮的动态积累,为生产中确定适宜的采收期及其采收部位提供依据。结果表明:(1)该方法测定诺丽中总黄酮含量重复性好,稳定性强,加标回收率达99.66%,测试结果稳定可靠;(2)诺丽各器官总黄酮的含量顺序为:90 d叶270 d叶30 d叶毛状根210 d叶150 d叶侧根330 d叶主根嫩枝老枝2年生枝多年生枝1年生枝。结果表明,对诺丽中总黄酮的开发利用应重点选择叶片,采摘生长270 d的叶入药,有利于植株生长,并可提高诺丽资源的综合利用率。     

Follicle-stimulating hormone and the regulation of testosterone secretion in rabbit testes

Regulation of testosterone secretion is presumably mediated by interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH). However, there is little information on the actions of other chemical messengers in regulating testosterone secretion. We have shown that follicle-stimulating hormone augments testosterone secretion stimuated by ICSH in rabbit testes perfused in vitro with an artificial medium.     

弓形虫强毒株人工接种仔猪淋巴器官的动态病理形态学

以弓形虫强毒株静脉接种2—3月龄仔猪的结果表明,仔猪感染弓形虫强毒株后,淋巴结的动态病理过程表现为单纯性、坏死性和增生性淋巴结炎的变化规律,并可见肺门淋巴结损伤较其他淋巴器官为重。在疾病经过的严重期,淋巴结、脾、胸腺和骨髓的淋巴细胞数量均显著减少,同时,淋巴细胞的超微结构发生由胞膜突起、凹陷和断裂到染色质的聚集、崩解等不同程度的质的改变。从免疫形态学上表明,在恢复期病例,体内出现了体液免疫和细胞免疫。文中还详细描述了巨噬细胞与虫体的相互作用在不同阶段细胞超微结构变化特点,以及巨噬细胞、浆细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和淋巴细胞等免疫活性细胞的消长规律。     

Oxidative Stress: Role in Acetamiprid-Induced Impairment of the Male Mice Reproductive System

Acetamiprid has a wide range of influence on physiological functions in mammals. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of acetamiprid on the reproductive function of male mice, and to study the role of oxidative stress in acetamiprid-induced damage to the testes. Fifty adult Kunmin male mice (25-30 g) were divided into five groups (n=10 per group), i.e., control, blank, acetamiprid alone, acetamiprid and vitamin E, and vitamin E alone. All groups were treated for 35 d. The results showed that acetamiprid significantly decreased the body weight and the weight of testosteroneresponsive organs, such as the testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, and prostate. Furthermore, acetamiprid also significantly reduced the serum testosterone concentration, and decreased sperm count, viability, motility, and the intactness of the acrosome (P＜0.05 for each parameter). The mice treated with acetamiprid had damaged seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells based on the histological structure of testes; there was degeneration of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum of Leydig cells. These deleterious effects of acetamiprid may be mediated by increasing oxidative stress, as acetamiprid increased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide in the testes, reduced the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and activated p38. The concentration of acetamiprid in the testes was lower than that in liver, so did the concentrations of liver function tests, including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which suggest that male reproductive function may be affected through the indirect action of its metabolites. Vitamin E significantly ameliorated the effects of acetamiprid. We conclude that acetamiprid damages male reproductive function through inducing oxidative stress in the testes.     

豆黄蓟马发生规律与防治研究

豆黄蓟马（ＴｈｒｉｐｓｎｉｇｒｏｐｉｌｏｓｕｓＵｚｅｌ）在黑龙江省密山地区每年发生５～６代，以成虫越冬。第一及最末一代世代平均历期２４ｄ。中间各世代平均历期１６．７ｄ，雌成虫平均寿命１７．６ｄ。该虫主要以成虫和１～２龄若虫为害。叶背面虫量多于叶表面虫量，豆株上部幼嫩叶片多于中下部叶片。植株各器官上的虫量以叶上最多，次为嫩荚，茎及花器上很少。雌成虫可行孤雌生殖也可行两性生殖。每年的危害高峰在６月下旬到７月上旬。防治指标定为２～３片复叶时２０头／株。药剂防治以具有内吸作用的乐果效果最佳。     

Aggression in adult mice: modification by neonatal injections of gonadal hormones

Incidence of spontaneous aggression in adult male mice given a single injection of estradiol benzoate (0.4 milligram) when they were 3 days old was less than that of controls injected with oil. Aggressiveness was increased among adult females injected with either estradiol or testosterone propionate (1 milligram) at the same age. The increased aggressiveness noted among females given androgen was further documented during subsequent mating tests, when these females often attacked, wounded, and, in one case, killed naive males.     

GnRH主动免疫对绵羊血清睾酮含量的影响

用碳二亚胺将ＧｎＲＨ与牛血清白蛋白联结，加入弗氏完全佐剂主动免疫８只３月龄雄性绵羊，结果表明免疫后至少在１２０天内会引起睾丸发育停滞，第二性征抑制，血清睾酮水平降低，其含量与手术去势组动物差异不显著，免疫组绵羊生长发育与手术组无明显差异，达到了去势的效果。     

Neonatal castration: influence on neural organization of sexual reflexes in male rats

Most male rats castrated 4 days after birth and given exogenous testosterone in adulthood were sexually motivated but incapable of completing the mating sequence with an ejaculatory response. When tested for sexual reflexes after spinal transection, these animals displayed impairment of genital responses. Similarly treated 12-day castrates exhibited a complete mating sequence and had normal sexual reflexes. Thus neonatal testicular androgen appears to have an organizational influence at the spinal level on neural tissue mediating sexual reflexes.     

Isolated adrenal cortex cells: hypersensitivity to adrenocorticotropic hormone after hypophysectomy

Cells from the adrenals of hypophysectomized rats (up to 28 days after operation) require less adrenocorticotropic hormone to induce one-half maximal rate of production of 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate than do cells from the adrenals of intact rats. A corresponding increase in sensitivity is reflected in the steroidogenic response to adrenocorticotropic hormone up to 2 days after hypophysectomy.     

不同锌源对大鼠体锌水平及吸收的影响

试验选用18只50日龄wistar纯系雄性大鼠，采用体内原位结扎肠段灌注技术并结合放射性同位素示踪技术，研究了在2种体锌状况(缺锌和足锌)下，向十二指肠灌注含不同形态锌的灌注液后，不同时间(5，15，30。60，90，120min)血液中。^45Zn比放射性的动态变化及试验结束时(120min)结扎肠段。Zn的消失率、不同组织器官中。^65Zn的放射性大小和总锌含量及血清碱性磷酸酶活性的变化。试验结果表明：足锌大鼠对锌的吸收低于缺锌大鼠，赖氨酸螯合锌组下降了16．14％，蛋氨酸螯合锌组下降了16．12％，氯化锌组下降了39．92％。     

西瓜品种资源亲缘关系的同工酶分析

对３２个国内外西瓜品种（栽培、半栽培和野生种）的亲缘关系，进行了过氧化物酶同工酶和酯酶同工酶的分析．结果表明：过氧化物酶同工酶和酯酶同工酶在不同的品种类型、不同部位差异明显；用衰老部位过氧化物酶同工酶和生长活跃部位酯酶同工酶分析亲缘关系效果较好；亲缘关系相差愈远酶谱差异愈大，野生品种同工酶谱带数多干栽培品种，其中的２８个有代表性品种根据老叶过氧化物酶同工酶可聚成８个种类。     

姜黄素对肉鸡部分内脏器官和肠道生长发育的影响

目的：研究在基础日粮中添加不同剂量的姜黄素对肉鸡部分内脏器官和肠道生长发育的影响。方法：选择体重况相近的1日龄AA肉鸡240只随机分成4处理组（A、B、C、D）,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复组20只鸡。A为对照组饲喂基础日粮,B、C、D分别在基础日粮中添加姜黄素150mg/kg、200mg/kg、250mg/kg。结果：在21日龄时,以添加200mg/kg作用最为显著,与对照组相比,肌胃的平均质量提高26.3%（P＜0.05）,十二指肠的平均质量提高18.8%（P＜0.05）,空肠的平均质量提高26.3%（P＜0.05）,与对照组相比回肠、十二指肠的平均质量呈提高趋势,当剂量达到250mg/kg时起相反作用。空肠的平均长度也明显提高,但差异不显著（P＞0.05）,而回肠的平均长度对照组都低于试验组;在42日龄时,姜黄素对部分内脏器官和肠道的平均质量起下降作用,影响无规律性,而对十二指肠、空肠、回肠的平均长度也起降低的作用,但差异不显著（P＞0.05）。结论：姜黄素作为添加剂在肉鸡生长的前期可以有效促进肉鸡消化器官的生长发育。     

Testosterone induces "splitting" of circadian locomotor activity rhythms in birds

Under the influence of testosterone, the free-running circadian rhythm of locomotor activity of the starling, Sturnus vulgaris, tends to "split" into two components which temporarily run with different circadian frequencies: "splitting" occurred in intact birds whose testes grew, and in castrated birds that were injected with testosterone. Since "splitting" most probably reflects the temporal separation of two (or two groups of) circadian oscillators, these results suggest that testosterone affects the mutual coupling of circadian oscillators controlling locomotor activity.     

西方蜜蜂产浆适龄幼虫及取浆时间

对西方（ＡｐｉｓｍｅｌｉｆｅｒａＬ．）采用１和２日龄工蜂幼虫产浆的王台接受率和不同时间取浆浆量进行研究，结果显示：（１）２日龄工蜂幼虫的王台接受率（８０．６７％）极显著高于１日龄（４９．３３％）（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）１和２日龄幼虫产浆的台平均产浆量最高峰分别在各自移虫后第８４ｈ和第７２ｈ，浆量较高时段分别在移虫后第７８—９０ｈ和第６８—７８ｈ．２个日龄幼虫产浆最高浆量之间及浆量较高时段的浆量均无显著差异，但采用２日龄幼虫产浆的比１日龄幼虫的提前１２ｈ达到台平均产浆量高峰和浆量较高时段．（３）采用２日龄幼虫产浆其总产浆量可比采用１日龄的增加５６％．通过试验认为，西方蜜蜂产浆采用２日龄幼虫，并在移虫后第６６—７８ｈ内取浆最适