心叶球兰组织培养与快速繁殖试验

以心叶球兰叶片为外植体,愈伤组织诱导和继代增殖培养基MS+6-BA2.0mg.L-1+NAA0.5mg.L-1+2,4-D1.0mg.L-1+GA1.0mg.L-1+白糖3%,诱导的愈伤组织多,生长旺盛,增殖倍数为2～3倍;丛芽诱导培养基MS+KT0.5mg.L-1+NAA0.5mg.L-1+GA1.0mg.L-1+白糖3%,芽的诱导率为79.3%;在丛芽增殖及复壮培养基1/2MS+IBA1.0mg.L-1+白糖2%上,有20%～30%玻璃化丛芽转为绿色苗,玻璃化单芽经复壮培养长成绿色苗;诱导生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.5mg.L-1+白糖2%,玻璃化生根率为56.4%,淡绿色苗生根率达91.1%。瓶苗移栽基质泥炭土∶珍珠岩∶甘蔗渣(1∶1∶1)的成活率最高,达91.4%。     

白砂糖对大花萱草‘红运’试管苗生根的影响

以白砂糖代替蔗糖,探讨白砂糖对大花萱草‘红运’试管苗生根生长的影响。将试管苗分为丛生芽芽块(不分切)和单芽两种,分别接种于含不同白砂糖浓度的生根培养基1/2MS上。试验结果表明:白砂糖对大花萱草试管苗生根率和平均生根条数有着重要的影响。不加砂糖培养的试管苗叶片变黄、细弱、生长势极差,无论是丛生芽还是单芽生根率均为0;2.5%的砂糖利于单芽生根,生根率达95%,平均根条数3.59条/株;3.5%的砂糖利于丛生芽生根,生根率达90%,平均根条数7.50条/块;丛生芽生根较单芽生根所需砂糖浓度要高;丛生芽生根在14～21 d生根速度最快,单芽生根在7～14 d生根速度最快。     

白砂糖对大花萱草‘红运’试管苗生根的影响

以白砂糖代替蔗糖,探讨白砂糖对大花萱草‘红运’试管苗生根生长的影响.将试管苗分为丛生芽芽块(不分切)和单芽两种,分别接种于含不同白砂糖浓度的生根培养基1/2MS上.试验结果表明:白砂糖对大花萱草试管苗生根率和平均生根条数有着重要的影响.不加砂糖培养的试管苗叶片变黄、细弱、生长势极差,无论是丛生芽还是单芽生根率均为0;2.5％的砂糖利于单芽生根,生根率达95％,平均根条数3.59条/株;3.5％的砂糖利于丛生芽生根,生根率达90％,平均根条数7.50条/块;丛生芽生根较单芽生根所需砂糖浓度要高;丛生芽生根在14～21 d生根速度最快,单芽生根在7～14 d生根速度最快.     

曼地亚红豆杉的组织培养快繁技术

以曼地亚红豆杉扦插苗当年生枝的带芽茎段为外植体,进行腋芽增殖再生植株育苗试验.结果表明:MS 6-BA0.05 mg·L-1 NAA 0.5 mg·L-1是曼地亚红豆杉腋芽增殖启动培养的适宜培养基,启动率89.55%.6-BA对芽的启动是必需,但浓度稍高启动率便极显著下降.生长调节物质对芽的启动有利但抑制芽的生长,不添加生长调节物质的MS(有机物加倍)培养基是曼地亚红豆杉侧芽继代培养的适宜培养基,有效芽率为72.73%,平均芽长3.3cm.曼地亚红豆杉组培生根不定根的诱导比较困难,生根率最高27.78%.不定根的发生需要在植物体内建立一个最佳的细胞分裂素和生长素的平衡,而不仅是需要生长素.用IBA 1 000 mg·L-1作生根促进剂处理30 s进行瓶外生根,生根率达到58.33%,是进行曼地亚红豆杉组培无根苗生根诱导的适宜处理方式.     

柳窿桉芽器官离体培养研究

用10年生柳窿桉优株伐倒后的萌条为外植体，建立“以芽繁芽”的组培快繁体系。丛生芽培养基为MS BA1mg/L NAA0．2mg/L，繁殖率可达5．3倍；继代培养采用MS BA1mg/L NAA0.2mg/L和MS BA0.5mg/L NAA0.5mg/L交替使用，可促进芽的增殖和芽生长；经过壮芽培养可提高生根率，壮芽培养基为无激素服培养基；生根培养基为1/2MS IBA0．5mg/L，生根率达100％。     

杂交松组培技术研究初探

研究杂交松组织培养过程中继代与生根培养基的激素种类与浓度配比，结果表明：诱导杂交松不定芽增殖的理想激素组合是BAP2．0mg／L＋NAA0．2mg／L，不定芽增殖系数较高，且芽生长健壮。杂交松不定根诱导难度较大，生根率最高达50％。杂交松不定根诱导的适宜培养基有待进一步研究。     

陶瓷-树脂复合基质对银杏叶芽扦插繁殖的影响

通过不同基质对银杏叶芽扦插繁殖的试验研究，得出结论：陶瓷－ 树脂复合基质对银杏叶芽扦插繁殖的生育、生长、移栽成活有促进作用，比蛭石基质可提高生根率８ ％ 、成苗率２４ ％ 、移栽成活率１２ ％     

互叶白千层离体繁殖技术

用1年生互叶白千层（Melaleuca alternifolia)产生苗的茎段芽作植体，以0．1％HgCl2消毒10min，未污染率达80％以上，芽萌动快；芽在含BA1.0mg/L、NAA0.5mg/L的培养基上生长健壮，增殖率3090％，有效率1005；ABT2．0mg/L,IBA 0.4mg/L的培养基有利生根，其生根率达93．3％。     

南洋楹快速繁殖技术

以良种南洋楹优树所得的种子经无菌发芽而成的实生苗无性系，用组织培养进行快速繁殖试验、研究不同浓度的细胞分裂素和生长素对茎尖诱导芽分化、芽的伸长及生根的影响，结果表明，培养基为MS 6BA0．5mg／L NAA0．0lmg／L有利于促进茎尖和腋芽形成丛生芽及伸长，增殖率为4．20倍；1／3MS IBA0．5mg／L有利于诱导芽的生根，生根率为75．6％，试管苗移栽成活率达85．4％，并正常生长。     

美国黄松离体胚培养条件下不定芽的形成与根产生的研究

以美国黄松成熟胚为外植体在MS、GD、SH和N6 培养基上诱导不定芽 ,试验结果表明 ,基本培养基的种类对外植体不定芽的诱导起主要作用 ,GD最好 ,SH次之 ,MS和N6 最差。GD 0 5mg·L- 1 6 BA ,对外植体不定芽的诱导率达 5 5 % ,平均增殖率为 6 ,最大增殖率达 10 ;NAA不利于外植体不定芽的诱导 ;培养基中加入适量的活性炭有利于不定芽的形成和生长。对不定芽在GD、SH和 1 2SH培养基上进行生根诱导 ,试验结果表明 ,基本培养基的种类对不定芽形成根起主要作用 ,GD、SH不能诱导不定芽生根 ,1 2SH可以使不定芽生根 ,其对不定芽的诱导率为 2 2 % ,1 2SH NAA 0 5mg·L- 1 对不定芽生根的诱导率为 3 3% ;NAA对不定芽生根具有促进作用。在离体培养条件下 ,以美国黄松种胚为外植体获得了再生小植株     

Shoot production through cutting culture and micrografting from mature tree explants inAcacia tortilis (Forsk.) Hayne subsp.raddiana (Savi) Brenan

Shoot propagation from mature tree explants ofAcacia tortilis subsp.raddiana, a tropical tree legume, was studied. The effects of (i) the size of cuttings and (ii) a recut treatment of the donor trees, on axillary bud growth from multinodal horticultural cuttings are reported. Apices from seedlings, axillary buds from young lignified branches of mature trees, and axillary buds obtained through in vitro axillary branching from microcuttings isolated onto mature trees were all successfully micrografted on seedling rootstocks. A sterilization procedure for field explants is reported. Propagation via cuttings and via micrografting are discussed with regard to rejuvenation of mature donor trees.     

直杆蓝桉组织培养繁殖育苗试验研究

从闽北地区引种的直杆蓝桉种源试验林中选出优株 ,进行组培快繁研究。利用成年芽器官作为外植体 ,建立无菌培养物 ,经过芽的增殖、诱导生根 ,筛选出一组适宜的组织培养的培养基体系 ,培养大量组培苗 ;探索组培苗移栽和移栽后的培育管理方法 ;利用组培苗建立采穗圃 ,结合常规化、微型化扦插繁殖 ,通过促萌、取条、扦插 ,达到以芽繁芽的目的 ,降低育苗成本     

巨尾桉幼态扦插培育容器苗技术试验

以巨尾桉组培苗为母株，通过截顶促萌、生产的幼态萌芽作插条，扦插培育容器苗，质量可达到组培苗标准。在插条管理方面要掌握好激素处理、保温、保湿、防治病菌及选择适宜季节扦插等关键技术措施，才能保证扦插苗的成活率。     

我国杉木组织培养技术研究进展

杉木是我国南方特有的速生用材树种,具有生长快、产量高、材质好和用途广的特点,在南方林业生产中占据重要地位。熟悉和掌握杉木的组织培养技术,对促进杉木产业的发展具有重要意义。文中从叶、茎尖、茎段和离体胚等外植体的选择,外植体消毒,愈伤组织和芽的诱导分化,继代增殖培养以及壮苗与生根等方面简述近几年我国杉木组织培养技术的研究进展,对杉木组培快繁中的灭菌技术、培养基筛选和生长调节物质使用水平等技术环节进行评述,同时提出目前研究中存在的几个主要问题和今后的发展方向。     

5种不同油茶无性系组织培养特性的研究

本研究选取5种油茶优良无性系,在春季不同时间段采集当年生半木质化穗条作外植体,进行芽的诱导、增殖培养。本研究筛选出了各油茶无性系进瓶诱导的最佳时间,具有广谱性、适合无性系繁殖的增殖培养基：H改良＋BA 2.0 mg/L（以下单位同）＋IAA 1.0,同时选出了繁殖系数高、有效苗数量多、可应用于组培产业化发展的优良油茶无性系。     

Rejuvenation of juvenile growth characters in picea abies

Cuttings were made from six‐year‐old seedlings of Picea abies L. (Karst.) that had been studied in the Stockholm phytotron. The seedlings belonged to four full‐sib families, one being of French origin, one of North‐Swedish origin and two being hybrids between parents of North‐Swedish and French origin. Nine clones from each family were included. After the rooting phase, the cuttings were exposed to the same cultivation regimes as the seedling ortets. Characteristics of growth rhythm, percentage free growth and leader length were recorded during the 2nd to the 5th growth period (GP). Plagiotropic growth habit was recorded in the 3rd to the 5th growth period, and, characteristics of the rooting phase were studied. A juvenile behaviour very similar to that characterizing growth periods 2–3 of the seedlings was observed for growth rhythm characteristics and for free growth capacity during GP2 of the cuttings. The absolute value of the differences between each observation of the seedling ortets in GP6 and the means of the cuttings in GP2 produced a new variable that quantified the degree of rejuvenation. This new variable was meaningfully calculated only for growth rhythm and growth pattern variables. A gradual reversion of the growth rhythm occurred for the cuttings, which corresponded to the change with increasing age for the seedlings. The capacity for free growth, on the contrary, disappeared already in GP3 for the cuttings, except for the French family. A large variation in the rejuvenation ability between families was observed. Furthermore, the rejuvenation ability was negatively correlated with the ability to grow plagiotropically.     

棱角山矾繁殖技术

通过对棱角山矾播种、扦插及组织培养技术的研究,探讨了棱角山矾种苗繁殖的关键技术。结果表明:采用杀虫剂拌种,可较好地保存种胚,提高种子萌发率;利用春梢扦插繁殖,成活率可达90%以上;以种子为外植体,初步建立了棱角山矾的组织培养体系。     

红叶石楠组培苗瓶外生根技术研究

以苗龄为40 d的红叶石楠组培继代芽苗为瓶外生根试验材料,采用多因素正交试验设计研究不同栽培基质、不同激素、不同激素浓度处理及处理时间对红叶石楠继代芽苗瓶外生根诱导的影响,继代芽苗扦插前的不同炼苗方式及扦插后施肥方式对芽苗瓶外生根率的影响。结果表明:A3B1C3D2组合(珍珠岩、生根粉ABT 200 mg.L-1浸泡处理30 min)获得59%瓶外生根率,而A3B1C1D2(珍珠岩、ABT 50 mg.L-1浸泡处理30 min)为最理想的组合;芽苗在自然散射光下炼苗15~20 d,生根率可提高到81%;栽后适时追施营养液有利于芽苗的高生长。继代芽苗瓶外生根技术的应用减少组培苗培养工序,促进红叶石楠的组培快繁效率,降低组培苗的生产成本。     

引种新资源卡亚扦插技术研究

本文以卡亚(Cnidoscolus aconitifolius)为对象,研究不同基质,不同木质化程度以及植物生长调节剂不同种类、浓度对其扦插生根的影响.研究结果显示:砂基质扦插效果最好,扦插8d后生根,生根率达95.3％,平均生根数为35.2条,平均根长为3.56条;不同木质化程度的穗条扦插效果存在差异,以顶芽(嫩枝)扦插效果最好;添加ABT的处理生根率高于添加IBA、NAA的处理,ABT、IBA、NAA等3个不同激素浓度为2000mg·L-1的处理生根数最多,从成本和配制难易程度来看可选择浓度为500mg·L-1的ABT作为卡亚扦插的最佳适用植物生长调节剂种类和浓度.     

Influencing micropropagation and somatic embryogenesis in mature trees by manipulation of phase change, stress and culture environment

This review focuses on clonal propagation of mature trees by tissue culture. Most trees have marked phase changes that result in a decline in their potential for somatic embryogenesis or micropropagation. By altering conditions of the source material ex vitro, or by changing in vitro conditions encountered by the explant, rejuvenation and increased propagation can sometimes be accomplished. Various methods of enhancing micropropagation are reviewed, with particular emphasis on manipulations that involve application of osmotic, temperature or hormonal stress.