热带树木构筑学研究概述

热带树木构筑型研究是热带树种结构多样性研究的一个重要方面。本文简要叙述了热带树木构筑学的发展过程,介绍了热带树木的不同形成方式及构筑的主要要素。树木不同部分的发育顺序,顶端分生组织的活动方式,树木的延长生长与分枝方式等是热带树木构筑型的主要分类要素。     

雾灵山自然保护区的蒙古栎林

为更好地认识暖温带森林植物特征及其演替规律,进行暖温带森林生态系统和生物多样性保护,对雾灵山自然保护区的蒙古栎林进行了研究。详细论述了其分布、生境、种类组成,外貌特征、结构特征,并对群落的演替动态进行了预测。     

林窗研究进展

林窗作为一种经常发生的小规模干扰, 是森林循环更新的一种重要方式。林窗的形成影响着森林小生境、森林群落的组成和动态变化过程, 同时也影响着森林群落的结构和景观格局, 因此, 林窗对生物多样性的维持有着重要作用。文中从林窗的基础理论、概念、特征、林窗对生物多样性的影响等方面, 简要介绍了国内外的研究现状。     

勐腊县傣族“龙山”森林植被类型分析

2008年12月对勐腊县傣族"龙山"林进行了样方调查.分析了其森林群落结构的现状及组成,认定其为残存的半原始片断热带季节雨林和热带季雨林,以热带季节雨林为主.傣族"龙山"林仍保持了热带季节雨林的外貌结构特征和基本种类组成.但随着人为干扰的加剧,"龙山"热带季节雨林的群落结构已变得不完整,植物丰富程度降低,物种多样性指数显著下降,片段热带季节雨林中的雨林成分也将在一定程度上被其他先锋植被类型替代.     

保定市城市森林的树木种类组成及其构成特征

为了解保定市城市森林的树木种类组成及其构成特征,对其城市森林6种类型的树木进行了抽样调查.结果表明:组成保定市城市森林的树木种类共有35科65属98种,其中本地种39种,引进种59种;树种属的区系地理成分以北温带成分为主,占其总属数的40.32 %;其城市森林6种类型组成树木种类的多少从大到小依次为居民区林、企事业单位林、风景林、公用林、行道树、防护林;企事业单位林和居民区林的树种多样性最高,防护林的树种多样性最低.     

林隙对森林生态系统的影响研究进展

树隙是由一棵或多棵树木死亡引起的树冠开口,是世界上许多森林系统的主要干扰形式.林隙在森林生态系统中发挥着重要作用,有助于保护生物多样性和土壤多样性,影响养分循环,维持演替后期森林的复杂结构.该文通过对林隙动态和林隙生态的叙述,重点强调了林隙通过影响森林生态系统中的微环境,进而影响森林生态系统的生长与发育.这能为森林管理...     

鄂州市环东梁子湖森林植物群落多样性研究

在植被调查的基础上,对鄂州市环东梁子湖主要森林植物群落种类组成、群落结构、生物多样性进行分析,并对该区森林群落结构和生物多样性相关关系进行深入分析研究,同时在综合比较不同森林群落生物多样性基础上,初步探讨了森林群落生物多样性影响因素.根据主成分综合模型计算各群落的综合生物多样性值并进行排序,是对森林群落总体多样性测度方...     

西双版纳热带人工林群落结构及生态功能恢复的研究

对西双版纳普文的 6种热带人工林群落进行了近 10 0个典型的筑巢式配套样地调查。在了解 6种人工林林况的基础上 ,分析了其种类组成、林分结构和生态学特征 ,并与当地自然的热带山地雨林、季风常绿阔叶林及“黄余水”次生林进行了一系列的群落生态特征对比。认识到 6种人工林都具有显著的生物多样性恢复功能 ,其中以山桂花林 (ParamicheliabailloniiForest)的恢复效果最好。通过分析还看出它们的生物多样性恢复能力正在提高。     

海南岛热带森林生物多样性研究进展

生物多样性是生态学研究中一个重要的领域,海南岛热带林有很高的生物多样性。阐述海南岛热带林生物多样性的意义和研究进展,介绍海南岛热带林物种多样性、遗传多样性、生态系统多样性和景观多样性特点,结合生物多样性锐减的现状提出了相应的保护建议。     

海南霸王岭陆均松类热带山地雨林伐后林结构与物种多样性研究

霸王岭林区是海南岛最典型的热带山地雨林分布区.在该区,现存分布面积最广、资源数量最大的是热带山地雨林的各种伐后林.以霸王岭分布最广的以陆均松(Dacridium pierrii)为主的山地雨林的伐后林为对象,研究了其组成、径级、高度结构和物种多样性特征,对比分析了伐后林与原始林以及伐后林不同类型之间的异同.结果表明:原始热带山地雨林经采伐后中小乔木和灌木的优势度增大,而大乔木树种的优势度则明显下降.阳性树种的种类、数量和相对重要性随采伐破坏的程度而增加.伐后林中矮、小树木在林分中比例随采伐破坏的程度增加,而高、大树木,特别是进入主林层树木的比例则随采伐破坏的程度明显下降.从林分测树因子的变化来看,采育择伐和径级择伐的林分要优于大强度择伐和皆伐的林分.原始林的物种丰富度大于伐后林,但其多样性指数和均匀度指数大都小于伐后林.组成上与原始林相似性较大的伐后林是各种择伐后的林分,而皆伐后的林分与原始林在组成上已有很大差别.     

昆明树木园观赏植物资源及园林应用评价

采用实地调查与分析相结合的方法,对昆明树木园的观赏植物及其应用情况进行了调研,在整理出昆明树木园观赏树种名录的基础上,分析了其生长习性、观赏特性和园林用途等,并对其观赏价值进行了综合评价。     

北美乔柏、北美香柏、美国扁柏及其5个变型在昆明的引种试验初报

通过对引种于昆明树木园的北美乔柏、北美香柏、美国扁柏等3个树种,以及美国扁柏的银色扁柏、金色扁柏、垂枝兰花扁柏、塔形扁柏、凯旋扁柏等5个变异类型的苗期及种植21年林木生长状况的分析比较,发现上述各引种树种及变型林木的生长整体正常,在引种地表现出适应能力较强,利用价值较高的状态,可作为昆明地区优美的绿化造林树种及用材林树种,且值得在条件相似的地区推广种植。     

海南岛尖峰岭热带天然林主要树种生长过程的探讨

尖峰岭热带天然林,树种繁杂,林木生长存在较大的差异。根据65株不同树种的解析木,按树高和胸径的年生长量划分为三种类型,即年平均生长量大于0.5(m或 cm)者为速生型,0.2—0.5者为中生型,小于0.2为慢生型,其中83.1％属于中生型,对各类型分别调制了生长过程的回归估测模型。材积生长量在三个类型中仍继续增长,数量成熟龄尚难确定。从缩短经营周期出发,可考虑采用工艺成熟龄作为择伐的回归年。据回归估测,速生型40年,中生型140年,慢生型180年,胸径可达32cm,树高23—24m,平均单株材积达0.9m~3以上,符合锯材原木标准,可考虑作为择伐回归年的依据。     

滇南热带造林地林农间作对幼林生长量的影响

为了探索在滇南热带地区造林地进行林农间作对幼林生长的影响,文章选择了6个热带亚热带速生造林树种,定植于景谷益智乡斗母信村造林地上,对每一树种分别采用林农间作管理和一般管理(每年进行两次砍草和铲塘)的两种方式进行幼林管理;定植后3 a时测定保存率、地径、树高、冠幅生长量并进行统计分析。实验结果表明:利用林农间作方式管理造林林地平均可以提高保存率10%,加快地径生长1.98～4.30倍,加快树高生长1.89～4.51倍,使造林地提前1～3 a达到郁闭,而使造林具有较好的效果并减少林地抚育的年限和抚育的投入。     

Relationships between diameter and height of trees in natural tropical forest in Tanzania

The relationship between tree height (h) and tree diameter at breast height (dbh) is an important element describing forest stands. In addition, h often is a required variable in volume and biomass models. Measurements of h are, however, more time consuming compared to those of dbh, and visual obstructions, rounded crown forms, leaning trees and terrain slopes represent additional error sources for h measurements. The aim of this study was therefore to develop h–dbh relationship models for natural tropical forest in Tanzania. Both general forest type specific models and models for tree species groups were developed. A comprehensive data set with 2 623 trees from 410 different tree species collected from a total of 1 191 plots and 38 sites covering the four main forest types of miombo woodland, acacia savanna, montane forest and lowland forests was applied. Tree species groups were constructed by using a k-means clustering procedure based on the h–dbh allometry, and a number of different non-linear model forms were tested. When considering the complexity of natural tropical forests in general and in particular variations of h–dbh relationships due to high species diversity in such forests, the model fit and performance were considered to be appropriate. Results also indicate that tree species group models perform better than forest type models. Despite the fact that the residual errors level associated with the models were relatively high, the models are still considered to be applicable for large parts of Tanzanian forests with an appropriate level of reliability.     

园林绿化树种资源及其应用评价

通过对广西林科院树木园中心园区绿化树种的调查，查阅相关文献并咨询专家，从适应性、生态效益、观赏特性、人文历史价值4个方面共12个评价指标建立广西林科院绿化树种综合评价体系，对128个尚未广泛应用的树种进行综合评价与分级。     

昆明树木园的珍稀濒危植物迁地栽培保护

本文论述了昆明树木园对２８科７１种国家级珍稀濒危植物的迁地栽培保护情况，以及对其中的６２种进行的生长量、物候、适应性等的初步观测结果。目前，昆明树木园已迁地栽培一级保护植物２２种，二级保护植物４８种，濒危植物１４种，渐危植物３０种，稀有植物２２种。其中，长势好、抗性强的有２２种；长势中、抗性较强的有２２种；长势差，抗性弱的有１６种。年平均高生长量达１ｍ以上的树种有１种，５０ｃｍ以上的有３种，２５ｃｍ以上的有２４种。并有１６种开花，１２种结实。     

广东省林科所树木园现状及营建管理技术浅述

介绍了广东省林科所树木园的发展历史、现状和营建管理技术，并提出了该园存在的主要问题以及今后的设想。     

From seedlings to trees: Using ontogenetic models of growth and survivorship to assess long-term (>100 years) dynamics of a neotropical dry forest

Long-term tree and seedling growth and survivorship data from permanent sample plots established in a neotropical dry forest in Jamaica from 1998 to 2008 were used to (1) model growth (periodic annual increment) and survivorship dynamics, (2) cluster structural and functional types, and (3) estimate the age of selected tropical dry forest tree species. A statistical comparison of parameter estimates derived from a generalized linear model (GLM) of each species to a reference species was used to group individuals based on size (DBH and height), and demographic dynamics (periodic annual increment and survivorship). We identified two groups of species based on structural types (canopy and sub-canopy species), three groups of species based on periodic annual increment (fast, intermediate, and slow growing) and four groups of species based on the probability of survivorship of seedlings and trees (very low probability of seedling survivorship but high tree survivorship (two groups); high survivorship throughout the DBH classes; very low survivorship, regardless of stem size). The composition of the groups was mixed, and included individuals of both structural types, and with different periodic annual increment and survival probabilities. The dichotomy of guilds found in tropical rainforests (pioneer and climax species) was not found in this forest. Individual and group GLMs incorporating empirical relationships between periodic annual increment and survivorship, across a spectrum of ontogenies and DBH’s, were also generated. The periodic annual increment models were then used to estimate the time taken by a newly germinated seedling to reach the largest recorded DBH. The fastest growing species was the hemi-cryptophyte Clusia flava which was estimated to take 74 years to reach its maximum recorded size (12.1 cm DBH), whereas the slowest growing species, Ziziphus sarcomphalus, was estimated to take 399 years to reach its maximum size (24.4 cm DBH). These dry forest trees were estimated to reach their maximum size (which was one-half or one-third of the largest DBH recorded for tropical rainforests) in a time similar to tropical rainforest trees. Some of the tree species are ubiquitous to other neotropical dry forests; therefore, our equations for periodic annual increment and survivorship can be applied elsewhere in the region.