口蹄疫合成肽疫苗研究进展

疫苗接种是预防口蹄疫的有效手段,随着分子生物学、免疫学等学科的迅猛发展,口蹄疫新型疫苗的研究取得了较快发展.此文就口蹄疫合成肽疫苗的发展过程和研究进展做一阐述.     

去势合成肽疫苗研究

 用碳化二亚胺法，将人工合成的促黄体素释放激素（LHRH）共价连接到牛血清白蛋白（BSA）上，合成LHRH-BSA半抗原载体复合物。用此人工复合抗原，加福氏佐剂，免疫2月龄公兔，与不免疫的对照兔一起，在同样条件下饲养，定期检查各兔性功能及性器官发育，并测定血清中LHRH抗体及睾酮水平。结果各试验兔随着血清中LHRH抗体的产生，性功能丧失，阴茎及睾丸萎缩,睾丸生精管管腔塌陷，管壁仅由1-2层排列松散的生精细胞组成，生精细胞水泡样变性，生精管中无精子产生；血清睾酮水平明显低于对照兔。成年公兔注射LHRH抗血清被动免疫后，血清LH和睾酮水平立即明显下降。研究证明，实验兔接种LHRH-BSA后所产生的LHRH抗体能中和内源性LHRH的生物学活性，抑制垂体促性腺素的合成和分泌，导致实验兔性器官及性腺发育严重受阻，达到了预期的免疫去势效应。     

应用于食品工业的天然肽类防腐剂

对几种用于食品防腐的肽类防腐剂的来源结构,抗菌性能等作一综述。     

离子液体中芳基吡唑醚的合成

在离子液体中进行了芳基吡唑酮与卤代衍生物反应合成一系列芳基吡唑醚的试验研究。结果表明,该方法具有反应条件温和、低毒、时间短、产率高、离子液体可以循环使用的优点。     

新型白藜芦醇类衍生物的合成研究

以没食子酸为原料, 通过甲基化、还原、溴代、Arbuzov重排、Wittig-Horner反应、O - 异戊烯基或O - 法尼烯基化等反应步骤,以总收率30%～35%合成了6种未见文献报道的新型的白藜芦醇类衍生物1a,1b,2a～2d. 所合成的化合物已通过MS,1HNMR和IR等波谱方法进行了结构确证. 该合成方法具有反应条件温和、后处理方便、产率较高和立体选择性强的优点.     

小肽营养的研究进展

小肽是蛋白质酶解的产物,是由2～10个氨基酸经过脱水缩合而成的寡肽。随着营养学的研究与发展,发现小肽具备氨基酸没有的很多优势,并带动了小肽营养的研发进展。     

日本血吸虫合成表位肽疫苗对小鼠的保护性免疫

为观察日本血吸虫合成表位多肽疫苗诱导的保护性免疫,将用日本血吸虫抗原免疫血清筛选噬菌体随机12肽库得到的、具有较好免疫保护性的4个模拟抗原表位短肽进行人工合成,用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测它们的抗原性.将合成多肽分别与钥孔戚血蓝蛋白(KLH)连接后免疫昆明小鼠,第3次免疫后收集血清,检测其针对各个多肽和可溶性成虫抗原(AWA)的IgG抗体滴度,以及补体介导的小鼠体外杀日本血吸虫童虫作用.结果显示,4个合成多肽均能被相应的抗体识别,具有良好的抗原性;能诱导产生特异性IgG抗体.这些抗体在补体参与下能在体外有效毒杀血吸虫童虫.与正常小鼠血清比较,4个合成多肽免疫血清的杀童虫率分别为31.7%,41.3%,21.1%和17.3%,均具有显著性;与KLH免疫血清相比时,杀童虫率分别为23.7%,34.4%,11.8%(P=0.077,无显著性)和7.5%(P=0.102,无显著性).这些结果表明,这4个合成表位多肽具有良好的抗原性和免疫原性,与KLH连接后能诱导明显的抗体反应和显著的细胞毒作用.     

反刍动物小肽的营养研究进展

蛋白质在动物消化道内降解为游离氨基酸和肽类后被吸收,反刍动物以小肽为主要形式,这是由于反刍动物存在肽的非肠系膜吸收系统。文章就反刍动物对小肽的吸收途径、吸收机制、小肽对反刍动物的营养作用以及影响小肽吸收利用的因素作一论述。     

以合成肽为抗原建立口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白抗体检测ELISA试剂盒

【目的】建立合成多肽抗原检测FMD NSP抗体的ELISA方法。【方法】固相法合成特异性FMDV NSP B细胞表位肽,将其偶联在BSA载体蛋白上,作为抗原包被在ELISA板上,制备检测抗FMDV NSP抗体的ELISA试剂盒,并对该试剂盒进行方法考核。【结果】抗原包被浓度选择2.5μg·mL-1;检测199份血清标本,与美国UBI商品试剂盒符合率达到96.48%,与国产3ABC ELISA比较,符合率为97.48%,显示极好的一致性。【结论】该合成肽ELISA试剂盒可以用以检测NSP抗体,从而鉴别FMD的自然感染与疫苗免疫,试剂盒特异性强,重复性好、稳定性高,操作简便。     

三烃基锡氨基酸酯的合成与生物活性

用三烃基锡氧化物和氢基酸反应，合成出相应的三烃基锡氨基酸酯，并对这些化合物进行了生物活性普筛测定。结果表明：氨基酸锡酯在病害，虫害，草害和植物激素４方面均有活性，病害和草害活性尤其显著。     

三种含1,2,4-三唑基化合物的合成研究

以 1H - 1,2 ,4 -三唑、O ,O -二乙基硫代磷酸酯和含氟烃等为原料 ,合成了三种含硫含氟 1,2 ,4 -三唑类新化合物 (C ,E ,H) ,并对合成的三种化合物进行了物理性质、溶解性、元素组成、IR、Uv、1HNMR和GC -MS等的测定分析 ,确定了它们的化学结构 ,也对其生物活性进行了试验。结果显示三种化合物均有良好的杀虫活性、杀菌活性、除草活性和一定的植物生长调节作用等生物活性     

3种果树伤流液中氮素形态分析

以核桃、猕猴桃和葡萄为试材,分析和比较了3种果树伤流液中游离氨基酸、硝态氮和铵态氮的含量。结果表明,3种果树伤流液中氨基酸有1216种,各种氨基酸含量不同。春季,总氨基酸含量核桃最多,葡萄最少。猕猴桃伤流液中硝态氮含量较高,达205.252 mg·L-1,葡萄次之,而核桃伤流液中硝态氮含量很低,仅有0.495 mg·L-1 。3种果树伤流液中铵态氮含量很少,低于1.2 mg·L-1。西北林学院学报21卷第3期禹 婷等3种果树伤流液中氮素形态分析     

Recognition of Human G-protein Coupled Receptors Using Compressed Amino Acid Alphabets

G-protein coupled receptors（GPCRs） have a relatively conservative seven transmembrane helix（7tm） regions, and their N and C termini are various. In order to strengthen the features of GPCR families, N and C termini were removed in this study, then frequency features in the form of single amino acid and dipeptide compositions for recognition of human GPCRs were analyzed and extracted based on the compressed amino acid alphabets. Based on these features, classifiers were developed using support vector machine（SVM）. The ability of different compressed methods was investigated. The testing results demonstrated that the suitable choice of compressed method combined with amino acid composition information could get good performance for the recognition of human GPCRs.     

外源亚精胺对高温胁迫下生菜氮代谢的影响

[目的]在高温季节种植的生菜产量和营养品质不佳,而与生菜产量最密切的营养元素是氮.研究外源亚精胺(Spd)在生菜抗高温胁迫中的氮代谢调控机理,为降低高温对生菜产生的危害提供保护措施.[方法]试验材料为散叶生菜'北散生3号',试验处理设置常温对照(昼/夜温度:22℃/17℃,CK)、高温胁迫处理(昼/夜温度:35℃/30...     

白浆土腐殖物质中氮素的组成特征

以黑龙江三江平原境内的耕地白浆土为主要研究对象，并与成为复区存在的草甸土和暗棕壤作比较，研究了土壤腐殖物质中不同形态氮素分布和氨基酸组成，结果表明：在ＨＡ，ＦＡ的酸解产物中，ＦＡ所含酸解ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ和氨基糖氮均高于ＨＡ，而氨基酸态氮则低于ＨＡ，ＨＡ和ＦＡ在氨基酸组成上差慢不大，主要差别在于前者含有较多的碱性氨基酸，而后者则含有较多的酸性氨基酸。     

Metabolic Response of Pakchoi Leaves to Amino Acid Nitrogen

Different nitrogen （N） forms may cause changes in the metabolic profiles of plants. However, few studies have been conducted on the effects of amino acid-N on plant metabolic profiles. The main objective of this study was to identify primary metabolites associated with amino acid-N （Gly, Gln and Ala） through metabolic profile analysis using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Plants of pakchoi （Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis L.）, Huawang and Wuyueman cultivars, were grown with different nitrogen forms （i.e., Gly, Gln, Ala, NO3-N, and N starvation） applied under sterile hydroponic conditions. The fresh weight and plant N accumulation of Huawang were greater than those of Wuyueman, which indicates that the former exhibited better N-use efficiency than the latter. The physiological performances of the applied N forms were generally in the order of NO3-N〉Gln〉Gly〉Ala. The metabolic analysis of leaf polar extracts revealed 30 amino acid N-responsive metabolites in the two pakchoi cultivars, mainly consisting of sugars, amino acids, and organic acids. Changes in the carbon metabolism of pakchoi leaves under amino acid treatments occurred via the accumulation of fructose, glucose, xylose, and arabinose. Disruption of amino acid metabolism resulted in accumulation of endogenous Gly in Gly treatment, Pro in Ala treatment, and Asn in three amino acid （Gly, Gln and Ala） treatments. By contrast, the levels of endogenous Gln and Leu decreased. However, this reduction varied among cultivars and amino acid types. Amino acid-N supply also affected the citric acid cycle, namely, the second stage of respiration, where leaves in Gly, Gln and Ala treatments contained low levels of malic, citric and succinic acids compared with leaves in NO3-N treatments. No significant difference in the metabolic responses was observed between the two cultivars which differed in their capability to use N. The response of primary metabolites in pakchoi leaves to amino acid-N supply may serve an important function in pakchoi adaptation to amino acid-N sources.     

三种木本植物伤流液中的游离氨基酸

测定了野茉莉科的白花龙与葡萄科的东南爬山虎、葡萄等三种木本植物伤流液中游离氨基酸的种类及数量,也测定了伤流液中总糖量与还原糖的含量。从测定的数据论述了这段时间前后根系贮存物转化概况。结合这三种植物根中氨基酸生物合成问题作出论述,认为根内的氨基酸生物合成是以天冬氨酸为领头的天冬氨酸族氨基酸为主。     

用萘和氯乙酸合成萘乙酸的研究

采用单因素试验和正交试验相结合,对以三氯化铁为主催化剂,溴化钾为助催化剂,萘与氯乙酸为原料合成萘乙酸的反应过程进行了系统研究.结果表明,保持反应温度在200℃左右,反应时间为15 h,萘/氯乙酸的摩尔比为2.5,反应物/催化剂质量比为32.5,主催化剂/助催化剂摩尔比为1/5时,产品收率达53.9%.本研究较传统的合成萘乙酸法缩短了反应时间,提高了反应产率.     

Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of Novel Camptothecin Derivatives Containing Analogs of Chrysanthemic Acid Moieties

Creating high-efifcient and environment-friendly pesticides is very important to produce the pollution free agriculture food and maintain the balance of the survival environmental of the human being. According to reports, camptothecin （CPT） and its derivatives are now being explored as a class of botanical insecticide in agriculture due to its novel mode of action. In order to improve the insecticidal activity of CPT, ten novel camptothecin （1） and 10-hydroxycamptothecin （2） derivatives （1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e;2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e） were designed and synthesized via esteriifcation with analogs of chrysanthemic acid, which have outstanding insecticidal activity. The results showed that compound 2a exhibited potent antifeeding effect and the best contact toxicity among the target compounds against the third-instar larvae of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua H＆#252;bner. Compound 2a was also found to be the most effective cytotoxic compound to the tested insect cell lines, IOZCAS-Spex-II, which were established from the fat bodies of S. exigua. It was proposed that the 10-hydroxyl group in the camptothecin derivatives is a key factor for the antifeeding activity of a compound. The nature of the substituents was considered the major factor in determining the insecticidal activity of these compounds.     

钨硅酸催化合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯

对钨硅酸催化合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)工艺条件进行研究,结果表明:在邻苯二甲酸酐与正丁醇的摩尔配比为1∶3 、催化剂用量为反应物总质量的2.6%、苯(带水剂)用量为反应物总质量的42.8%、反应时间为2.5 h时,产率可达99.22%.