北京地区黄栌和桑树上的新病原腐朽菌

报道了北京地区两种新的由锈革孔菌科真菌引起的树木腐朽病害,其病原菌分别为石榴嗜蓝孢孔菌(Fomitiporia punicata Y.C.Dai,B.K.Cui & Decock)和桑木层孔菌(Phellinus mori Y.C.Dai & B.K.Cui).石榴嗜蓝孢孔菌可以引起黄栌干基腐朽,桑木层孔菌则主要造成桑树的心材腐朽.根据采集的标本对这两种新的病原菌进行了详细的形态描述、菌种分离和培养性状描述.     

四川栲树心材腐朽病研究

根据野外调查，四川青城山和峨嵋山地区栲树心材腐朽病的病原菌为淡黄木层孔菌(Phellinus gilvus(Schwein:Fr.)Pat.)，造成心材白色腐朽，最终导致受害树木枯死或风折。本文对此病害的症状进行了报道，并对采集的病原菌标本材料作了详细描述．对该菌的种内分化进行了探讨。     

浙江天目山两种新的阔叶树心材腐朽病

本文报道了浙江天目山自然保护区阔叶树上的两种新的心材腐朽病害,其病原菌分别为变孢绚孔菌(Laetiporus versisporus (Lloyd) Imazeki)和白蜡多年卧孔菌(Perenniporia fraxinea (Bull.:Fr) Ryvarden).根据野外调查对这两种新病害的症状进行了报道,并根据实地采样对这两种新的病原菌进行了详细描述.     

青海西北部沙棘立木腐朽病初报

笔者在我国青海西北部采集沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides心材腐朽病的病原菌子实体,经对样品的分子序列进行系统发育分析,确认该地区沙棘腐朽病的病原菌为鼠李嗜蓝孢孔菌Fomitiporia rhamnoides。该菌过去作为分类学种类仅在我国河北有报道,且未说明该菌是否为病原菌。本文中首次报道鼠李嗜蓝孢孔菌在我国青海西北部造成心材白色腐朽,该病主要发生在沙棘成熟林分内,病原菌通过沙棘伤口侵染,最后风折导致沙棘死亡。     

长白山桦树上一种新腐朽病害

本文报道了我国长白山林区桦树上一种新腐朽病害,其病原菌为斜生纤孔菌Ｉｎｏｎｏｔｕｓｏｂｌｉｑｕｕｓ。该病主要发生在海拔较高的成熟桦树上,主要特征是在树干上形成黑色肿瘤,造成心材白色腐朽,受害树极易风析,后期全株死亡,对病原菌的宏观,显微结构及病害的症状进行了详细描述,并与欧洲的标本进行了比较。     

长白山桦树上一种新腐朽病害

本文报道了我国长白山林区桦树上一种新腐朽病害，其病原菌为斜生纤孔菌Ｉｎｏｎｏｔｕｓｏｂｌｉｑｕｕｓ。该病主要发生在海拔较高的成熟桦树上，主要特征是在树干上形成黑色肿瘤，造成心材白色腐朽；受害树极易风折，后期全株死亡。对病原菌的宏观、显微结构及病害的症状进行了详细描述，并与欧洲的标本进行了比较。     

中国阔叶树干基腐朽两种新病原菌

报道了云南省西双版纳热带雨林地区阔叶树上和四川成都肉桂活树上的两种新的干基腐朽病害,其病原菌为角壳多年卧孔菌(Perenniporia martius(Berk.) Ryvarden)和似雪拟层孔菌(Fomitopsis nivosa(Berk.) Gilb. & Ryvarden).根据所采集的材料对其进行了详细的形态描述并对病害的症状、分布等进行了讨论.     

辽宁铁岭柳树边材腐朽病初报

辽宁铁岭柳树边材腐朽病的病原菌为柳生针孔菌Inonotus pruinosus Bondartsev。根据采集的病原标本材料对该病原菌进行了详细描述。该菌只危害柳树，造成边材白色腐朽，最终导致受害树木死亡或风折后死亡。     

中国亚热带地区阔叶树上一种新立木腐朽病

报道了我国亚热带地区阔叶树上一种新立木白色腐朽病，其病原菌为平丝硬孔菌Rigidoporus lineatus，根据中国标本对其进行了详细描述。该菌主要危害洋槐、泡酮及其它阔叶树种。对病害的症状，造成的危害及该病的分布进行了讨论。     

长白山林区鱼鳞云杉上一种新干基白腐病

这种新干基白腐病的病原菌为绒毛昂氏孔菌Ｏｎｎｉａ ｆｏｍｅｎｔｏｓａ。该病主要发生于成熟林分,造成干基特别是根部腐朽。被侵染树木极易风折或风倒而死亡。根据中国的材料对该病的病原菌形态特征进行了详细描述,并与北美及欧洲的标本进行了比较研究。     

栗疫菌营养体亲和型多样性比较及野生栗栗疫菌交配型的分子检测

在北京周边县区、湖北大老岭山区以及陕西安康地区分别调查栗疫病发生情况,采集病原栗疫菌(Cryphonectria parasitica)菌株并进行营养体亲和性试验.结果表明:北京板栗栽培区和陕西安康地区野生栗栗疫病发病率较高,局部地区危害严重;湖北大老岭山区栗疫病发病率低,危害轻微.北京地区菌株群体营养体亲和型多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener's diversity index)极显著低于湖北菌株群体和陕西菌株群体,而陕西与湖北菌株群体营养体亲和型多样性指数差异不显著.随机选取湖北、陕西野生栗栗疫菌部分菌株,利用特异性引物,通过普通PCR和巢氏PCR,对其交配型进行测定,发现陕西与湖北野生栗菌株群体中均存在MAT-1与MAT-2两种交配型的菌株.通过PCR扩增,在两地的野生菌株群体里均发现同时具有两种交配型基因的菌株,其中,陕西群体此类菌株比例较大,湖北菌株比例较小     

引起杨树湿心材的一种病原真菌--Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg

在我国,杨树湿心材是一种分布广危害严重的病害。１９９５～１９９６年从湖北、山东、河北、辽宁等省及北京地区的２０多种杨树的根、干部取样,分离到一种真菌,此菌在杨树的根、干部都有广泛的分布,依据其形态特征和培养形状,据Ｎｅｌｓｏｎ,Ｔ．Ｍ．（１９８３）《ＦｕｓａｒｉｕｍＳｐｅｃｉｅｓ》,此菌被鉴定为Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｕｍ（Ｍａｔｓｕｓｈｉｍａ）Ｎｉｒｅｎｂｅｒｇ。室内和田间的多次接种结果表明,Ｆ．ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｕｍ致病力强,能产生典型的湿心材症状,是引起我国杨树湿心材的主要病原之一,这在国内外还是首次报道。电镜观察表明,此菌能破坏杨树导管—射线间纹孔膜,与国内外有关纹孔膜的报道一致。本文还讨论了细菌及生理因素在湿心材形成过程中的可能作用。     

山鸡椒上一种新的干基腐朽病

本文报道了我国贵州北部山鸡椒上一种新的干基腐朽病害，其病原菌是粗皮灵芝（Ganoderma tsunodae(Yasuda ex Lloyd)Trott.)。基于本研究采集的标本及日本模式产地的标本，对此病原菌进行了详细描述。该菌主要危害贵州北部的山鸡椒，造成干基白色腐朽，最后导致树林死亡。对病害的症状，造成的危害及病原菌的分布进行了讨论。     

油桐根腐病病原菌的研究

油桐根腐病是油桐林的一种毁灭性病害。形态学和培养性状研究表明,致病菌为腐皮镰孢(Fusarium solani(Mart.)Sacc.)。将该菌与国内供试8个腐皮镰孢专化型菌株比较可看出,菌落生长较快,大型分生孢子短而粗,是一种短粗类型。其次,人工接种试验得知,此菌不侵染6科7属7种供试的专化型寄主植物;又经8个专化型菌株接种油桐试验,也不发生侵染关系。此菌仅侵害大戟科油桐属的油桐,是一种专化性病菌。再次,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析表明,此菌与供试菌株的脂酶同工酶的谱带特征和相对迁移率均有明显的差异。由此,将油桐根腐病鉴定为腐皮镰孢一新的专化型,命名为油桐腐皮镰抱(Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f.sp.aleuritidis Chen et Xiao f.sp.nov.)     

Occurrence of pathogens in associated living bark beetles (Col., Scolytidae) from different spruce stands in Austria

Pathogen occurrence was studied in 16?099 adult specimens of 10 different bark beetle species, which live associated on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Beetles (mainly Ips typographus L. and Pityogenes chalcographus L.) were collected from 6 different localities in Austria (4 secondary spruce stands and 2 natural forest type stands, 9 sampling plots in total) in elevations between 400?m and 1600?m. Various viral, protozoan, and fungal pathogens could be diagnosed with a light microscope in the examined beetles. Numerous pathogen species were known from former studies, some pathogens were totally new or could be found in a new host species beside their type host. The most dominant pathogen species were Protozoa, Gregarina cf. typographi, Malamoeba cf. scolyti, and Chytridiopsis cf. typographi. Over the whole investigation period, the highest pathogen diversity with eight pathogen species was found in I. typographus. Differences were observed in the pathogen complex of each beetle species from the different collection sites and in different years of investigation. Several species showed an overlapping in their host range and infected various bark beetle species. Furthermore, pathogen occurrence and prevalence differed in bark beetles from 4 different sampling plots in an area (one locality) within a distance of a few kilometres.     

河北及北京种子植物新记录

报道了北京种子植物新记录属,鸡矢藤属(PaederiaLinn.);《河北植物志》未收录的种子植物1属,灰莉属(Fagraea Thunb.),及3种:斑地锦(Euphorbia maculateLinn.),香丝草(Conyza bonariensis(Linn.)Cronq.),碱蒿(Artemisia anethifolia Web.ex Stechm.)。     

板栗角斑病的病原鉴定与杀菌剂毒力测定

对广东省近年新发现的一种板栗叶部病害进行了病原鉴定,结果为胶孢炭疽菌,但该病症状与板栗炭疽病显著不同,将其命名为角斑病。10种杀菌剂对该菌的毒力测定结果表明宝宁、扑菌清和多菌灵效果最佳,其次为叶斑净和世高。     

Involvement of Cylindrocarpon destructans in root death of Pinus sylvestris seedlings: Pathogenic behaviour and predisposing factors

The common rhizospheric fungus Cylindrocarpon destructans was investigated in relation to its role in root death of Pinus sylvestris in Nordic nurseries and plantations. Laboratory methods were developed for studying similar root problems as well as the early effects of phytotoxicity and fungal infection. Seedlings grown under standardized optimal conditions were exposed to controlled stress (known to occur in nurseries), with or without C. destructans in the rhizosphere. Low light conditions, anaerobic root environment, and fungicide treatment were each found to predispose pine seedlings to invasion by the pathogen. The pathogen was very sensitive to competition as well as antagonism on the root, and fungicide‐induced inhibition of antagonists such as Trichoderma spp. also increased the severity of attack by the pathogen. To compete successfully, the pathogen would have to invade and dominate weakened roots prior to the arrival of saprophytes. Toxic metabolites produced by the pathogen weakened or killed nearby root tissues, and pathogen metabolites seemed to prevent saprophytes from taking hold in the infected roots. Such heavily infected, dead roots may act as inoculum sources allowing the pathogen to invade adjacent living roots, even healthy ones. Dead roots left in nursery soil after earlier harvests may act as reservoirs of inoculum for long periods and pose a threat to new plants.     

Providencia rettgeri as the causal agent of the brown slime flux of Populus tomentosa

Brown slime flux seeps slowly out of wounds and flows down the bark of roadside Populus tomentosa in Beijing, China. Two bacterial isolates, SL2‐2 and SL3‐3, obtained from the brown slime flux were identified as Providencia rettgeri based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. After inoculation into the bark of roadside P. tomentosa with sterile deionized water as a control, both SL2‐2 and SL3‐3 triggered the seepage of brown slime flux from the wounds; no slime flux arose from the control. In conclusion, P. rettgeri was the pathogenic bacterium causing brown slime flux on P. tomentosa probably by inhibiting wound healing. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. rettgeri as a pathogen of plants.