不同储藏条件对小麦专用粉品质的影响研究

采用正交实验方法,研究储藏温度、储藏水分、储藏方式与储藏时间四个因素对小麦专用粉储藏期间面团稳定时间、面筋吸水量、脂肪酸值和降落数值的影响.结果显示:在储藏时间180d内,储藏温度仅对小麦专用粉的降落数值指标影响显著,呈现显著正相关;储藏时间仅对小麦专用粉的脂肪酸值指标影响显著,呈现显著正相关;储藏水分与储藏方式对小麦...     

高温高湿储藏条件下小麦若干品质性状变化规律的研究

对37℃高温、RH=80%高湿储藏条件下硬质、软质小麦的水分、脂肪酸值、降落值、粘度、湿面筋含量、发芽率和芽重等物理品质性状及过氧化氢酶活动度、过氧化物酶活动度和α-淀粉酶活性等几种生理生化指标的变化规律进行了初步研究和探讨。结果表明,高温高湿条件下,小麦短期储藏后的各种理化品质指标均有不同程度的变化,酶活动度、降落值、脂肪酸值等变化较显著,可以较好地应用于小麦的早期陈化和劣变程度的判断。     

适量γ-射线辐照后可提高大麦储藏稳定性

朝鲜研究者最近报道 ,他们对大麦进行γ -射线辐照处理 ,观察其品质变化及储藏稳定性。受试大麦分成几个试验组 ,辐照剂量分别为 1 .2、1 0 .1及 3 0 .5ＫＧＹ。辐照后的大麦置于相对湿度为 50 %、储藏温度为 2 5℃的仓内进行储藏 ,储藏期为 4 0天 ,定期检测受试大麦的物化特性值、微生物带菌量和菌相变化以及大麦感观品质。试验发现 ,经γ -射线辐照后的大麦水分含量降低 ,但在储藏期间 ,粗脂肪含量会有所上升。大麦的ＴＢＡ值将随着辐照剂量的增高和储藏期的延长而增高。经 3 0 .5ＫＧＹ辐照剂量处理后的大麦 ,其ＨｕｎｔｅｒＬ值、ａ值以…     

小麦籽粒品质形成的影响因素及其生理机制

小麦籽粒品质作为小麦重要的经济性状,主要受基因型、生态条件、栽培技术和储藏措施等综合作用。小麦籽粒品质存在显著地基因型差异,通过改变特定的基因位点或亚基可以优化籽粒品质。环境因素显著地影响小麦品质,适当增加温度、减少光照强度和光照时数、土壤水分,有利于提高籽粒蛋白质的含量和改善小麦品质;适当晚播和施加适量氮肥可增加籽粒中蛋白质和湿面筋含量,提高降落值、吸水率和谷蛋白指数。适宜的储藏方式如气调储藏、低温储藏、热处理方法对于保证小麦的营养品质和加工品质至关重要。本研究结果为选育和栽培优质小麦提供理论参考和技术指导。     

高大平房仓空调控温结合氮气气调对小麦品质的影响

对4个高大平房仓储粮小麦在度夏期间进行空调控温。在此基础上选取2个仓进行氮气气调，研究了单独空调控温以及空调控温结合氮气气调储粮过程中小麦的品质变化情况。研究结果表明：仅单独空调控温时，随着储藏时间的增加，小麦的害虫数量不断增加，而小麦的害虫数量在氮气气调后则开始呈现显著降低的趋势；两种储粮方式下小麦的水分含量、容重和面筋吸水率均随着储藏时间的增加而降低，其中氮气气调的小麦水分含量、容重和面筋吸水率降低程度稍低于仅空调控温的小麦；小麦的色泽、气味和呕吐毒素含量在储藏期间未发现明显改变，表明应用氮气气调未对其产生显著影响。     

涂膜对鸭肉储藏期品质的影响

以壳聚糖、明胶等为主要原辅料制作壳聚糖-明胶涂膜液,对新鲜生、熟鸭肉进行涂膜,考察在（0±1）℃储藏条件下,涂膜后的鸭肉与未处理的鸭肉在储藏期内水分含量、pH、色泽、酸价、MDA含量、羰基含量等指标的变化。结果表明：储藏期内,无论生、熟鸭肉,涂膜对其水分含量、a*值、酸价、MDA含量、羰基含量均有较好的改善,而对于鸭肉的pH及L*值影响不明显。涂膜处理能较好地改善鸭肉储藏期间的品质,是一种鸭肉保鲜的有效措施。     

新收获小麦在储藏过程中品质变化规律的研究

本文以陕优２２５和ＣＡ８６４小麦为材料，研究了小麦在储藏过程中的品质变化规律。结果表明，在储藏过程中小麦籽粒硬度，蛋白质含量及面筋含量基本保持不变。随着储藏时间的延长，小麦的出粉率明显提高，面团的流变学行性逐步改善，具体表面在面团稳定时间和谰价仪值有所增加，公差指数明显下降，面团的延伸性逐渐减弱，最大抗延伸阻力逐渐增大，抗／延比值和面积都明显增大，作为小麦品质最佳代表指标的ＳＤＳ－沉降值在储藏过程     

Lox酶缺失大豆新品种耐储藏特性的研究

通过对8个脂肪氧化酶缺失大豆新品种和1个正常大豆品种进行高温(40℃)耐储藏实验,实验期间对9个大豆样品的发芽率、脂肪酸值、过氧化值、粗脂肪含量、水溶性氮指数、脂肪酸成分、色泽进行检测,结果表明:脂肪氧化酶缺失大豆样品在储藏期间的品质变化比正常品种缓慢,大豆中脂肪氧化酶的缺失可在一定程度上提高大豆储藏品质的稳定性.     

高大平房仓优化控温对小麦储藏期淀粉品质调控效应研究

对高大平房仓进行隔热优化改造,通过对其储藏1年小麦淀粉品质与未改造对照库的进行比较分析,研究高大平房仓优化改造对储粮不同粮层淀粉品质的立体调控效应。结果表明,优化改造试验库18库在不同粮层小麦水分含量、吸水率、α-淀粉酶活性、糊化特性等方面都优于对照库8库,特别是对与空气接触温度变化较大的上层和粮温稳定的下层小麦品质调控用用较为明显。隔热保温材料及吊顶对小麦储藏期淀粉品质有积极作用,可在粮温、库温较高的夏季通过立体内循环将下层冷源充分利用,实现全年准低温储粮,提升储藏品质。     

不同仓型对储存小麦品质影响的探讨

小麦是世界性粮种,全世界大部分地区都是以小麦作为主食.小麦中含有一些重要氨基酸和维生素都是人类营养所必需的物质.且小麦具有较好的耐储性,储藏稳定性好,在正常条件下储藏了3～5年,仍能保持良好的品质Ⅲ.因此,研究小麦在储存期间的品质变化规律,对指导储备小麦的合理轮换时间具有重要意义.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.