猪链球菌2型毒力相关基因在分离株中的分布与突变研究

猪链球菌2型(SS2)是一种重要的人畜共患病病原,研究表明其致病力与毒力因子的相关性各有不同。为探究SS2毒力因子与致病性间的相关性,明确毒力因子能否用于致病性的评价,本研究通过PCR方法对来自吉林省9个不同规模和经营模式的猪场临床健康猪群的32株SS2分离菌株和5个强毒参考菌株的毒力相关基因(38KD蛋白、GDH、OFS、SLY、HYL、FBPS、GAPDH、ORF2和Ssn A)进行克隆测序,比较这9个毒力相关基因在该37株SS2分离株中的分布差异和突变情况。结果显示各个毒力相关基因在来自临床健康猪群的32个分离株和5个强毒参考株中呈现不均等的分布,在强毒参考菌株中谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、38KD蛋白、分泌性核酸酶(Ssn A)基因的检测阳性率达到100%,在健康猪群分离株中它们的阳性率也超过90%。纤维蛋白原结合蛋白(FBPS)和溶血素(SLY)基因在强毒参考菌株中阳性率为100%,而在健康猪群分离株中FBPS和Sly基因检测率分别为68.75%和65.63%。透明质酸裂解酶(HYL)基因在两类菌株间阳性率相差较大,在强毒参考株中其阳性率约为60%,在健康猪群分离株中HYL阳性率仅为18.75%。通过测序和Blast比对分析显示,健康猪分离株中毒力相关基因突变情况非常少,而SS2强毒参考株中其突变位点较多,并呈现多种突变方式,GAPDH、HYL、Ssn A基因属于保守序列,突变较少。SLY和GDH基因也是保守序列,在健康猪群分离株中只发现一株无意义突变,但在强毒参考株中却发现多个导致氨基酸改变的突变位点和突变方式。OFS、ORF2和FBPS基因在两组菌中均有突变,但在强毒参考株中存在较多的突变,并且可造成其编码的氨基酸序列改变。提示SS2毒力相关因子复杂,仅仅依据毒力基因是否存在不能判断其毒力的强弱,其突变位点及突变方式对毒力的判断也具有一定的参考意义。     

猪链球菌2型sortase蛋白缺失株的构建及其毒力分析

为了研究对猪链球菌2型致病力的影响,试验构建srtA基因缺失株,体外观察突变株05ZYH33△srtA的基本生物学性状,并以猪为动物模型检测突变株05ZYH33ΔsrtA的毒力。结果表明:成功构建了srtA基因缺失株,突变株生物学性状无明显改变,毒力相对于亲本株有所下降。说明了srtA基因对菌株的生物学性状无明显影响,可能是猪链球菌2型潜在毒力因子。     

猪群链球菌携带情况和关节病分离株毒力基因分析

根据链球菌保守基因EF-Tu设计引物,从120份30~60日龄健康仔猪鼻拭子分离到11株链球菌,分离率为9.2%(11/120);从72份发生关节病的病猪关节液,分离到6株链球菌,分离率为8.3%(6/72)。为了解分离的链球菌毒力基因分布情况,根据猪链球菌(streptococcus suis,SS)保守基因(GDH)、猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis type 2,SS2)特异性基因(CPS2J)以及猪链球菌主要毒力基因溶菌酶释放蛋白(MRP)、毒力相关基因ORF2、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶基因(GAPDH),设计并合成5对引物进行毒力基因检测,提取扩增产物测序,并对序列进行比对分析。毒力基因检测结果显示,11株鼻拭子分离株有1株毒力因子分布为CPS2J+,鉴定为SS2,不包含其它毒力基因;猪关节液分离的链球菌,有2株SS2和1株SS,2株SS2的毒力基因分布为GDH+/CPS2J+/MRP+/ORF2+/GAPDH+,属于强毒株,1株SS毒力基因为GDH+。2株SS2毒力基因测序结果显示,CPS2J、MRP基因未见变异,提示其高度保守,ORF2、GDH、GAPDH基因存在碱基点突变,但突变对结构无影响,与参考菌株同源性较高。     

抑制性消减杂交技术分析猪链球菌2型毒力相关基因

以猪链球菌2型四川分离强毒株458#为检测子,国际参考无毒菌株1330#为驱动子,用抑制性消减杂交方法寻找其基因组水平的差异.采用3种不同的限制性内切酶分别酶切458#与1330#基因组获得3套酶切片段,经消减杂交后构建猪链球菌2型强毒株458#特异DNA的差异文库,并对差异序列进行比较分析.结果表明,试验获得了3套差异文库共计42个特异性差异片段,所有差异片段均与已发表的猪链球菌2型05ZYH33株全基因组序列高度同源.构建了具有代表性的猪链球菌2型强毒株与国际无毒参考菌株基因组差异DNA文库,差异片段通过Blast比对,部分差异片段与已知功能基因如转座子,耐药基因、1型限制酶修饰系统、表面蛋白和毒力相关蛋白等有同源性,尚有许多差异片段属于未知功能蛋白或假定蛋白,其中可能包括与猪链球菌2型毒力相关的基因,为进一步分析猪链球菌2型可能的毒力相关基因奠定了基础.     

辽宁省猪链球菌流行株主要血清型毒力因子检测及其致病性

为了解辽宁省猪链球菌流行菌株主要血清型毒力因子分布特征及致病性,依据猪链球菌属保守基因及血清型特异性基因,从辽宁地区采集猪链球菌疑似病例肺脏、肝脾、脑、关节液等样品进行猪链球菌及其血清类型鉴定;应用猪链球菌6种主要毒力因子特异性基因扩增检测方法,检测所分离到的不同血清类型猪链球菌的毒力因子分布情况,并应用小鼠攻毒试验和病理学技术对其致病性进行观察研究。结果显示:从辽宁地区采集的72个样品中共分离到23株猪链球菌,主要血清型有1,2,7型,其中SS1型4株,SS2型2株,SS7型5株。其余12株未确定血清型。SS1、SS2、SS7型阳性率分别为17.39%,8.69%,30.43%。毒力因子检测结果显示,上述6种毒力因子检出率分别为100%,66.6%,25%,16.7%,75.0%,58.3%,其中SS2均具备6种毒力因子,SS1、SS7和血清型阴性株猪链球菌均具有部分毒力因子,与SS2的差异毒力因子为epf。SS2可引起小鼠的急性败血症以及脑膜炎,SS1、SS7均可引起小鼠发病,但各器官的损伤则较轻。SS1、SS2、SS7脑内接种均可引起小鼠脑膜炎,炎症反应SS2最重,SS1次之,SS7最轻。     

江西省猪链球菌的分离鉴定及耐药基因、毒力基因检测分析

为了解猪链球菌临床分离株的生物学特性、耐药基因与毒力基因的携带情况。采集疑似链球菌感染病死的猪肺脏和关节液,用常规方法分离细菌,通过镜检、16S rRNA序列测定分析、分子分型、动物实验鉴定分离菌的生物学特性,用药敏试验进行药物敏感度测定,并利用PCR检测耐药基因及毒力基因。结果可知,从8个养猪场的10份肺脏和关节液中共分离到10株菌,经16S rRNA序列比对和血清分型,10株分离株均为猪链球菌,其中9型7株,1型1株,其余2株为猪豕链球菌和猪生殖道链球菌;小鼠致病性试验结果显示,分离株JXNC1906、JXJJ1904和JXNC1904的毒力较强;毒力基因检测显示,JXNC2103可检出6种毒力基因,JXNC2011株只检出mrp毒力基因,毒力型mrp⁺ef^-gdh⁺sly⁺mmum⁺Orf2⁺2株、mrp^-ef⁺gdh⁺sly^-mmum⁺Or...     

一株野鸭源基因Ⅲ型新城疫病毒主要生物学特性及基因组序列测定分析

为研究分离自黑龙江三江自然保护区的野生绿头鸭粪拭子中的一株新城疫病毒(命名为Mallard/CH/HLJ383/06)主要生物学特性及基因组序列,本实验对病毒F基因序列进行测定,结果表明该病毒分离株属于NDV基因Ⅲ型,病毒的1日龄雏鸡脑内致病指数(ICPI)为1.81,高于NDV中等毒力病毒株ICPI值,预示该病毒分离株毒力有增强趋势.15日龄SPF鸡致病性试验表明,该病毒分离株可导致雏鸡发病但不死亡,致病性仍低于与其ICPI值相近的基因Ⅶ型毒株.对该病毒分离株进行全基因组序列分析表明:该病毒分离株与Ⅰ系疫苗病毒Mukteswar、江苏2株基因Ⅲ型分离株(JS/7/05/Ch,JS/9/05/Go)结构蛋白氨基酸同源性高达99.0%～99.7%;与疫苗株Mukteswar相比,3株基因Ⅲ型病毒分离株在F蛋白中只有1个共同的氨基酸位点变异(A203T);HN蛋白中存在15个变异氨基酸,但位置各不相同;L蛋白中变异位点最多,为28个,其中有4个变异位点为3个分离株所共有.以上结果初步表明,Mallard/CH/HLJ383/06株可能是由疫苗株Mukteswar在野禽、家禽生态系统中传播进化而来,并由于宿主或免疫压力而发生毒力变异;分离株L蛋白氨基酸位点的变异,可能是导致病毒株毒力返强主要因素之一.     

猪链球菌2型山东强毒株的分离鉴定

对某养猪场发生呼吸道感染及神经症状的病猪脑组织进行了病原菌分离,对其优势菌进行菌落形态学观察、生化试验、PCR检测、药敏试验和毒株致病力试验.结果显示,成功分离到1株猪链球菌2型,其含有目前已知的mrp、sly、ef3种毒力基因,该菌株对昆明系小鼠、新西兰白兔具有一定的致病性,动物回归试验证实该菌株对断奶仔猪具有较强的致病性.     

贵州省地方猪肺炎支原体鉴定及其主要黏附因子基因序列分析

为了了解贵州地方猪肺炎支原体菌株遗传变异情况,试验对3份贵州省贵阳市某地方猪养殖场疑似感染猪肺炎支原体的病料进行离体培养及PCR鉴定;同时对分离菌株及6株疫苗菌株的主要黏附因子P46基因、P97基因R1区和P146基因高变区进行PCR扩增及测序,并与参考菌株比对分析,挖掘分离菌株与疫苗菌株、参考菌株之间的差异性。结果表明：从疑似病料中培养并鉴定获得1株猪肺炎支原体,命名为GZ株。GZ株P46基因核苷酸序列与疫苗菌株、参考菌株的同源性最高,均在98.3%以上。P146蛋白高变区氨基酸差异主要发生在PQ和PS重复区,GZ株PQ重复区中只缺失2个氨基酸,而PS重复区中缺失7个氨基酸,与疫苗菌株168L株、RM48株和Z株缺失情况一致。GZ株P97基因R1区核苷酸序列与疫苗菌株、参考菌株之间的同源性低,为94.5%～97.4%;各菌株间P97蛋白R1区氨基酸序列中,AAKPV/E重复基元存在不同程度缺失,GZ株在该区域仅存在5个重复基元,且第1个重复序列中的谷氨酸(E)突变为谷氨酰胺(Q)。说明P97蛋白R1区和P146蛋白高变区氨基酸序列的改变导致抗原表位和黏附能力发生变化,对P97基因R1...     

猪链球菌2型溶血素基因缺失菌株的构建及生物学特性的研究

溶血素(SLY)在猪链球菌2型(SS2)侵入和裂解细胞的过程中发挥重要作用,被认为是SS2的一种重要的毒力相关因子。为了探讨SLY在2005年中国四川资阳分离强毒株SS205ZY致病过程中的作用,作者利用同源重组基因敲除法成功构建了SS205ZY的sly基因敲除突变菌株(Δsly)。并比较了菌株的溶血能力以及对小鼠的致病力。结果表明sly基因敲除后可导致猪链球菌裂解红细胞的能力显著下降,对小鼠的致病力也有一定程度的减弱,但仍表现较高的致病力。本研究结果提示SLY是猪链球菌裂解细胞的重要毒力相关因子,但造成SS205ZY的高致病性很显然与多种毒力相关因子的协同作用有关。     

Identification and distribution of putative virulent genes in strains of Streptococcus suis serotype 2

In order to identify gene sequences unique to the virulent strains, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was conducted using virulent Streptococcus suis type 2 (SS2) strain HA9801 and avirulent S. suis type 2 strain T15. Thirty genomic regions were absent in T15, and the DNA sequences of these regions in HA9801 were determined. These DNA fragments, containing putative virulence genes, encoded 28 proteins that were homologous to proteins involved in various aspects of cellular surface structure, molecular synthesis, energy metabolism, regulation, transport systems and others of unknown function. According to the published SS2 genomic sequence of the Chinese strain 98HAH33, PCR primers for 14 significant DNA fragments were designed and used for detection of the distribution of these fragments in S. suis strains from different sources, serotypes, regions, groups and times. The results showed that these 14 DNA fragments were widely distributed in 37 detected SS2 strains, yet were absent among the avirulent strain T15. Moreover, these fragments could be detected in other serotypes of S. suis, but each serotype had a different distribution of the fragments.     

猪链球菌1型临床分离株的鉴定和基因组学分析

从罹患肺炎型猪链球菌病的仔猪气管中分离出1株猪链球菌强毒株,命名为SS2011GZ,经PCR鉴定为血清1型.斑马鱼攻毒试验测得该菌株的半数致死量(LD50)为4.09×104CFU/mL,有较强毒力;全基因组测序分析显示,毒力基因型为mrp+gdh+epf+sly+fbps-sao-,存在19个基因岛,24种耐药基因,...     

Experimental infections of mice and pigs with Streptococcus suis type 2.

Five inbred strains of mice were tested for their susceptibility to Streptococcus suis type 2 including the type strain, two isolates from meningitis in pigs and two isolates from tonsils of clinically healthy pigs. C57BL/6, ICR and ddY strain mice showed lower susceptibility to all strains of S. suis type 2 than BALB/c and SS strain mice. The type strain and the isolates from diseased pigs produced septicaemia and meningitis in BALB/c and SS mice inoculated with 10(8) colony forming unit of the bacteria and 60 to 100% of these infected mice died. On the other hand, mice inoculated with the isolates from healthy pigs showed mild clinical signs but none of them died. In BALB/c mice which died or developed nervous signs, the purulent meningo-encephalitis, myocarditis, ophthalmitis, labyrinthitis and otitis media were observed. S. suis type 2 antigen was demonstrated in these lesions by immunoperoxidase staining using rabbit S. suis type 2 antiserum. These results were similar to those in the experimentally infected pigs with these virulent and avirulent strains against mice. These results indicate that BALB/c and SS strains of mice are useful as an experimental model of S. suis type 2 infections in pigs, and that there are virulent and avirulent strains against mice and pigs among the strains of S. suis type 2.     

猪链球菌种与9型猪链球菌二重PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为了建立猪链球菌(Streptococcus suis,SS)种与9型猪链球菌(SS9)的快速诊断方法,本研究根据GenBank已登录的SS种特异性基因gdh和SS9型特异性基因CPS9H设计引物,以标准SS9株基因组DNA为模板,建立了SS种和SS9的二重PCR检测方法,并进行了特异性、敏感性和重复性试验;利用所建立的方法对检测疑似猪链球菌感染猪临床样品,并与常规细菌分离鉴定方法进行了比对。结果表明成功建立SS种和SS9型猪链球菌二重PCR检测方法,该方法的检测灵敏度可达100个CFU,特异性和重复性好;利用该方法对34份临床分离自疑似猪链球菌感染样品的细菌培养物进行了应用检测试验,其中有11份样品为gdh阳性,11份gdh阳性样品中有3份样品同时为SS9阳性。本研究成功建立了SS种与SS9型猪链球菌二重PCR检测方法,可用于猪链球菌种和SS9型猪链球菌的快速诊断。     

广西部分地区猪链球菌血清型及其毒力因子流行性调查分析

为探究广西部分地区猪链球菌(Streptococcus suis,SS)流行菌株主要血清型及毒力因子分布情况。本试验于2018年1月至2018年6月对从多个猪场采集到的116份疑似链球菌感染的组织病料(脑、肺脏、淋巴结等)进行病原菌检测,采用细菌分离鉴定、形态学观察及PCR扩增等方法对病原菌及其血清型和部分毒力因子进行鉴定。结果显示,116份样品共分离到链球菌32株,阳性率为27.59%(32/116),其血清型主要以SS2和SS9为主,分离率分别为40.63%(13/32)和43.75%(14/32),其他血清型为15.63%(5/32);毒力因子检测结果表明:SLY、MRP、EPF以及SBP2′因子的检出率分别为:81.25%(26/32)、59.38%(19/32)、50.00%(16/32)和71.88%(23/32)。32株链球菌中以SLY^+MRP^+EPF^+SBP2′^+(13株)、SLY^+MRP^-EPF^-SBP2′^-(5株)、SLY^+MRP^+EPF^-SBP2′^+(5株)为主要的毒力基因型,其中SS2均能检测出3个或3个以上的毒力因子。玉林、柳州市主要分布SS9型,南宁、百色市主要分布SS2型;广西不同地区毒力因子的分布情况存在差异且不同血清型或同一血清型的链球菌毒力因子的分布情况也各不相同,其中SS2携带的毒力因子检出率明显高于其他血清型。该研究可为今后猪链球菌疫苗及致病机理研究提供理论依据,为广西地区猪场链球菌血清型疫苗选择提供指导。     

Inactivation of the sodA gene of Streptococcus suis type 2 encoding superoxide dismutase leads to reduced virulence to mice

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a virulence factor of certain pathogenic bacteria by diminishing the effect of oxidative burst of phagocytic cells. Earlier reports indicated the presence of manganese-cofactored SOD in Streptococcus suis type 2 (SS2). However, the biological role of SOD and its coding sequence in SS2 has not yet been characterized. The SSU1356-ORF of a clinical SS2 strain ZJ081101 encodes a protein of 201 amino acids with 81-88% identity to SodA of other Streptococcus spp. A sod deletion mutant (Δsod) from the clinical strain was constructed. SOD activity was absent in the cell extract from the Δsod mutant, but present in that from the wild-type or the sod-complemented (CΔsod) strain. The Δsod mutant was more susceptible to oxidative stresses induced by hydrogen peroxide or paraquat. Survival of the sod deletion mutant in RAW264.7 macrophages was only half of that of the wild-type strain. Deletion of sod significantly attenuated virulence of SS2 to mice. Effects of such genetic deletion were complementable using the strain CΔsod. The co-inoculation experiment in mice revealed that the Δsod mutant was far more easily cleared from the body than the wild-type strain as shown by about 3-log reduction of its infection potential in blood and tissues. In summary, we reveal an important role of SOD in pathogenesis of S. suis type 2, most probably by scavenging reactive oxygen species from macrophages.     

红霉素体外诱导猪链球菌耐药机制研究

2004年在病猪体内分离到一株猪链球菌,通过平板扩散法和微量稀释法药敏试验表明这株链球菌对红霉素敏感。采用这株猪链球菌进行体外诱导试验,在低浓度药物组第165代和高浓度药物组第180代的菌液对红霉素M IC值均达到中介水平。它们的耐药表型均为内在型,而且都扩增到了ermB耐药基因。其中180代菌的23S rRNA碱基1387位A突变成G;它们的核糖体蛋白L4,165代菌碱基104位、585位和633位,分别T突变成C、A突变成G和A突变成G,180代菌碱基283位和651位,分别A突变成G和T突变成G;核糖体蛋白L22,165代和180代菌碱基109位和468位,分别C突变成A和T突变成A,并且165代菌碱基还在426位G突变成A。这些碱基的突变可能是引起猪链球菌对红霉素耐药的原因之一。     

猪链球菌精氨酸脱亚氨酸酶序列分析及其PCR检测

对9株猪链球菌2型重庆分离株的精氨酸脱亚氨酸酶基因进行克隆测序,结果表明该基因长度为1231bp,与Genbank发表的该基因序列相比,核苷酸同源性高于99%,推导的氨基酸同源性高于96%。根据精氨酸脱亚氨酸酶基因的测序结果建立扩增片段长度为237bp的PCR检测方法,35株猪链球菌致病株中,30株精氨酸脱亚氨酸酶基因的PCR检测阳性,有5株精氨酸脱亚氨酸酶基因的PCR检测阴性;14株正常猪扁桃体分离株中,11株为精氨酸脱亚氨酸酶基因的PCR检测阳性,3株为精氨酸脱亚氨酸酶基因的PCR检测阴性;猪链球菌1型、7型、9型、13型、1/2型各一株,均能扩增出精氨酸脱亚氨酸酶基因的片段。     

Molecular characterization of Streptococcus suis strains by 16S–23S intergenic spacer polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis

We developed a new molecular method of typing Streptococcus suis based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a large fragment of rRNA genes, including a part of the 16S and 23S genes and the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region (ISR), followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with RsaI or MboII endonuclease. The 16S-23S ISRs of 5 S. suis isolates were sequenced and compared. Size and sequence polymorphisms were observed between the S735 reference strain and the 4 wild-type strains. The genetic relationships between 138 independent S. suis strains belonging to various serotypes, isolated from swine or human cases, were determined. The discriminatory power of the method was > 0.95, the threshold value for interpreting typing results with confidence (0.954 with RsaI and 0.984 with RsaI plus MboII). The in vitro reproducibility was 100%. The strains isolated from humans were less genetically diverse than the strains isolated from pigs. For the first time, 2 molecular patterns (R6, M9) were significantly associated with S. suis serotype 2 strains. This genetic tool could be valuable in distinguishing individual isolates of S. suis during epidemiologic investigations.     

First insights into the protective effects of a recombinant swinepox virus expressing truncated MRP of Streptococcus suis type 2 in mice

To explore the potential of the swinepox virus (SPV) as vector for Streptococcus suis vaccines, a vector system was developed for the construction of a recombinant SPV carrying bacterial genes. Using this system, a recombinant virus expressing truncated muramidase-released protein (MRP) of S. suis type 2 (SS2), designated rSPV-MRP, was produced and identified by PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. The rSPV-MRP was found to be only slightly attenuated in PK-15 cells, when compared with the wild-type virus. After immunization intramuscularly with rSPV-MRP, SS2 inactive vaccine (positive control), wild-type SPV (negative control) and PBS (blank control) respectively, all CD1 mice were challenged with a lethal dose or a sublethal dose of SS2 highly virulent strain ZY05719. While SS2 inactive vaccine protected all mice, immunization with rSPV-MRP resulted in 60% survival and protected mice against a lethal dose of the highly virulent SS2 strain, compared with the negative control (P < 0.05). Our data indicate that animals immunized with rSPV-MRP had a significantly reduced bacterial burden in all organs examined, compared to negative controls and blank controls (P <0.05). Antibody titers of the rSPV-MRP-vaccinated group were significantly higher (P <0.001), when compared to negative controls and blank controls. Antibody titers were also significantly higher in the vaccinated group at all time points post-vaccination (P <0.001), compared with the positive controls. These initial results demonstrated that the rSPV-MRP provided mice with protection from systemic SS2 infection. If SPV recombinants have the potential as S. suis vaccines for the use in pigs has to be evaluated in further studies.