冬小麦不同发育时期过氧化物酶同工酶研究

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术对 18个冬小麦品种 4个发育期的POD同工酶进行了研究 ,发现在不同发育时期冬小麦根和叶POD同工酶酶谱均有不同程度的变化。返青期根POD同工酶谱变化较明显 ,在A区增加 1条RA1酶带 ,在C区增加 1条RC1酶带 ,而其他发育期无这 2条酶带或只有痕迹带 ;拔节期叶POD同工酶谱C区酶带比其他发育期多 1条LC1酶带 ;同时发现根RC4 酶带、叶LC5酶带在 4个发育期均较为稳定 ,表现为一级带 ;A区的RA2 酶带也较为稳定 ,在不同发育期均表现为二级带 ;冬小麦 18个品种间POD同工酶谱无明显差异     

转BADH基因水稻幼苗抗旱性研究

为了研究转BADH脱氢酶基因水稻的抗旱性,以受体亲本中花8和水稻旱作品种开系7及陆稻品种白珍珠作对照,于塑料营养钵中培养幼苗至五叶期进行干旱胁迫,测定了转BADH基因水稻品系52-7,51-15幼苗的生理生化变化。结果表明,干旱胁迫下,水稻幼苗细胞膜透性增加,膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量以及氨基酸、可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量提高,可溶性蛋白质含量降低,POD活性提高。但52-7和51-15细胞膜透性较小,MDA积累较少,蛋白质、氨基酸含量的变化幅度较小,可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸含量的增加幅度较大,POD和SOD活性较高。52-7,51-15与中花8具有相同的POD同工酶谱,与开系7和白珍珠有差异。干旱胁迫诱导中花8产生3条新酶带而与开系7和白珍珠相同,其他各品种酶谱不变。52-7和51-15的抗旱性强于对照品种。     

感染立枯病对水稻旱育秧苗保护酶系的影响

水稻幼苗感染立枯病后,体内保护酶系活力发生显著变化.根部SOD、POD活性显著降低,地上部SOD、POD活性升高;CAT则呈现相反的变化趋势.病苗地上部PAL和PPO及根部PPO活性均高于健苗,根部MDA含量升高,地上部MDA含量下降.病苗POD同工酶谱带比正常苗增加一条.     

水稻亲本过氧化物酶差异表达及遗传效应分析

采用复性电泳技术,初步分析了水稻亲本间苗期和孕穗期叶片中过氧化物酶的表达情况和遗传效应,结果表明:苗期和孕穗期水稻亲本间过氧化物酶种类和活性存在一定差异,孕穗期POD酶谱变化明显;苗期检到一条97.4 kD杂交酶带;苗期和孕穗期栓到多条互补酶带;亲本问过氧化物酶某些共同酶带的活性在子代表现出累加效应.     

苜蓿雄性不育系及其回交后代同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术对苜蓿雄性不育系及其回交后代进行过氧化物酶(POD)、酯酶(EST)同工酶分析。结果表明:(1)苜蓿雄性不育系及其回交后代叶的POD同工酶在现蕾期和开花期的酶带数较返青期多。返青期的酶活性较现蕾期和开花期强;MS-4及其回交后代叶的EST同工酶活性变化规律与POD同工酶谱表现相似;(2)在花发育的不同时期,花蕾为绿色时期时的POD同工酶酶活性最强,MS-4及其回交后代小花的EST同_T-酶酶带数较叶的多。刚开过的小花EST同工酶酶活性最强,F1、BC1代不育株都出现了母本MS-4所具有的POD、EST特征酶带;(3)从MS-4回交后代中所选育的不育株的POD和EST同工酶谱明显偏向于轮回亲本MS-4,说明通过回交使MS-4的某些性状在回交后代中进一步得到表现,因此,可以初步认定原不育系Ms4的不育性是可遗传的。     

油菜新型胞质雄性不育系1193A和保持系的同工酶分析

本研究利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术,对油菜新型胞质雄性不育系1193A和保持系1193B花蕾发育过程中的过氧化物酶(POD)、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)酶和酯酶(EST)3种同工酶进行分析。结果表明,在花蕾生长发育的不同时期不育系与保持系的同工酶谱带数及表达活性之间均存在差异。在花蕾发育后期,不育系1193A的POD同工酶中迁移率最快的一条酶带活性明显强于保持系1193B;不育系1193A的ATP和EST同工酶活性都是随着花蕾发育逐渐减弱的,且在花蕾发育后期都出现了酶带的缺失。     

琯溪蜜柚果实汁胞粒化过程中同工酶变化的研究

研究琯溪蜜柚果实粒化过程中过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)同工酶的变化;通过授粉处理,以未授粉的自交果和授粉的杂交果的琯溪蜜柚果实汁胞为材料,采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法进行同工酶测定;琯溪蜜柚果实粒化过程中汁胞粒化指数随着果实成熟而上升,自交果汁胞粒化指数大于杂交果;自交果汁胞中出现的POD同工酶酶谱共分离出4条,SOD同工酶酶谱分离了6条,CAT同工酶酶谱有3条,相应的杂交果汁胞POD同工酶出现2条谱带、SOD同工酶显示4条谱带,过氧化氢酶同工酶没有观察到谱带;与琯溪蜜柚汁胞粒化关系密切的同工酶为POD、SOD同工酶。     

大白菜新型细胞质雄性不育生理生化机制的研究

以大白菜新型细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系为材料,对花蕾发育全过程中氨基酸、可溶性糖、蛋白质含量及同工酶谱带进行了动态比较研究。结果表明:不育系花药中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量低于其相应的保持系;其游离氨基酸总量和保持系无明显差异,但不育系的脯氨酸含量显著低于其相应的保持系;不育系花药中MDH,AAT,EST,POD,COD和PPO同工酶谱带与保持系相比存在明显差异。认为不育系花药中结构物质、营养物质、能量物质的亏损,同工酶表达的差异与小孢子败育密切相关。     

番茄品种对ToMV抗性与氧化酶活性的关系研究

测定了6个不同抗性番茄品种接种ToMV两周后POD、PPO和PAL活性,以及POD同工酶酶谱的变化。结果表明：抗、感病品种接种ToMV后POD、PPO和PAL活性均比相应未接种株高,而且POD、PPO和PAL的酶活增长率与抗病性成负相关;感病品种接种株的POD同工酶谱带数都比相应未接种株多出2条酶带,而抗病品种只增加了1条酶带。     

继代培养中水稻愈伤组织核酸,蛋白质以及酶的动态变化

水稻愈伤组织在继代培养过程中产生分化能力不同的无性系,在分化培养基上的分析结果表明,具有分化能力的无性系DNA、RNA、蛋白质含量明显高于丧失分化能力的无性系;DNase、RNase活性也有差异,但不明显;RNA、碱基组分中嘧啶/嘌呤值存在明显差异.这些生化代谢上的差异在组织分化盛期表现最显著.有分化能力的无性系在分化过程中,产生与组织分化有关的蛋白质谱带和过氧化物酶同工酶带,淀粉酶同工酶带与组织分化关系不明显.     

几种高粱--苏丹草杂交种的光合特性及同工酶酶谱差异

分析了5种高丹草和2种苏丹草的光合特性和同工酶酶谱特征.依据净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率4个光合指标的测定结果,综合评定7种供试材料光合能力的强弱顺序为蒙农青饲3号高丹草＞蒙农青饲1号高丹草=蒙农青饲2号高丹草=佳宝高丹草＞黑壳苏丹草=白壳苏丹草＞健宝高丹草.在分蘖期7种供试材料叶片的POD和SOD同工酶酶带数、酶带位点和酶带强弱均存在着一定的差异,从蛋白质分子水平上为各材料的鉴定提供了重要依据;同一种同工酶酶谱表型在同一植物的不同发育阶段和不同器官材料均表现不同,所获得的酶带遗传信息量比测定单一生育阶段和单一器官材料要大的多,更能系统地反映各供试材料间的遗传差异性.     

土荆芥挥发油化感胁迫对蚕豆根尖SOD和POD同工酶的影响

旨在了解土荆芥挥发油对受体植物抗氧化酶系统的影响,为阐明土荆芥的化感作用机制提供理论依据。通过模拟淋溶和挥发2条途径,分别以不同剂量挥发油处理受体植物蚕豆幼根,电泳后比较根尖超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶谱的变化。结果表明：在淋溶途径中,细胞内SOD活性明显受该挥发油抑制,处理48 h后POD同工酶谱有POD7特征性强带出现;在挥发途径中,该挥发油对SOD同工酶的活性则表现为促进效应,处理浓度较高或时间较长(24 h,20 μL;48 h,15~20 μL;72 h,10~20 μL)时,POD同工酶谱有POD6特征性强带的表达。此外,SOD同工酶谱带变化主要为酶带的强度改变,POD同工酶谱带变化主要为酶带的数量增减。由此推测土荆芥挥发油可影响蚕豆根尖细胞SOD和POD同工酶基因的表达,其中POD同工酶基因的响应可能比SOD更为敏感。     

Complex constitutive nature of Japanese upland rice, Oryza sativa L.

Two rice ecotypes, the so-called lowland and upland populations, which carry different isozyme genotypes mostly at a single locus, are cultivated in Japan. The aim of this study was to examine the origin and the mechanism for keeping these genetic differences. The upland population is cultivated in upland fields and carries a different allele for a particular isozyme gene, Pgd-1, which has never been found in the lowland population. RFLP markers showed a weak trend for genetic differentiation between the two ecotypes. On the other hand, morphological, and physiological traits showed marked differences between the two ecotypes. Furthermore, based on the genotypic difference, two Japonica subgroups are defined in the upland population. Subgroup I is the minor group and carries key lowland characters, including the genotype for PGD. Subgroup II carries different traits and the genotype for PGD of the alternative subgroup. As an allelic difference for Pgd-1 is known to occur between the two ecospecies, Tropical (Tr) and Temperate (Tm) Japonicas, upland cultivars can be classified by diagnostic characters which distinguish a variety into Tr or Tm type. The upland population consists of three types of cultivars, Tr-, Tm- and intermediate-type. In contrast, the lowland population consists of a uniform Tm type Japonicas. As Japanese upland cultivars still have an isozyme allele specific to the Tr type, the upland population has a rather complex constitution which is presumably now being introgressed by lowland genetic material, but still represents a major difference at some genetic levels. Upland rice carries several stress-resistant genes which would be useful for lowland rice breeding. The genetic difference would be efficient for tagging upland specific traits by upland specific genetic markers. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Root and shoot responses of upland New Rice for Africa varieties to fluctuating soil moisture conditions as affected by different levels of nitrogen fertilization

Drought cycling and soil re-watering trends due to intermittent rainfall patterns are key stress factors that influence rice growth and yield under upland cultivation conditions. However, upland rice adaptation responses to fluctuating soil moisture conditions remain poorly understood. This study investigated root and shoot responses of upland New Rice for Africa (NERICA) varieties to episodic drought and re-watering during growth. We examined root and shoot growth of NERICA 1 and NERICA 4 compared with those of IR72, an improved lowland variety, and Dular, a traditional drought-tolerant variety, in terms of soil moisture fluctuations with different levels of nitrogen fertilization under field conditions that impeded deep root development. During soil moisture fluctuation, all varieties reduced shoot dry weight compared with well-watered plants, regardless of nitrogen fertilization levels. However, total root length for the three upland varieties was enhanced by soil moisture fluctuations at moderate and high nitrogen fertilization, while that of the lowland variety was reduced. Comparing root development during water fluctuations revealed that NERICA 1 had a greater root system than NERICA 4, which was attributed to lateral root development. Furthermore, we found that NERICA varieties increase lateral root mass during soil desiccation under adequate nitrogen fertilization, while Dular and IR72 reduced their root growth rate during drought and increased it after re-watering. Both root growth patterns developed, from around maximum tillering to heading. The analysis of regression between root elongation and shoot growth with fluctuating soil moisture indicated that an enhanced root system during drought, on adequate nitrogen fertilization, can contribute to shoot growth when sufficient water becomes available, specifically around the maximum tillering to the heading growth stage of rice.     

稻瘟病菌粗毒素的致病力测定及其对水稻幼苗生理生化的影响

本实验用不同浓度的稻瘟病菌粗毒素处理沈农265和辽粳294幼苗，分别对其进行致病力测定，并对其防御酶系、可溶性蛋白、同工酶标记进行了测定分析。结果表明在山口富夫培养液中培养12d时提取的粗毒素毒性最强，并且对水稻种子萌发，种子胚根、胚芽都有明显的抑制作用；不同浓度毒素对水稻幼苗的POD、SOD，可溶性蛋白均具有一定的诱导作用；同工酶检测表明，粗毒素处理的幼苗POD酶带有明显的变化，而EST没有明显的改变。     

球孢白僵菌不同菌株酯酶同工酶酶谱与RAPD多态性的研究

为明确球孢白僵菌的遗传多样性,本研究通过酯酶同工酶技术及RAPD-PCR技术,对实验室保存的15株球孢白僵菌,从蛋白水平与分子水平进行了遗传多样性的研究。结果表明：利用酯酶同工酶酶谱所显示的菌株间的相似性范围在0.125~1.000,而应用RAPD技术所得到的菌株间的相似性范围在0.4848~0.8848,酯酶同工酶酶谱所表现出的遗传差异性要大于RAPD谱带的差异性。可见球孢白僵菌种间存在着较为丰富的遗传多样性。     

阳春砂种子休眠与萌发过程中同工酶活性变化的研究

[目的]研究阳春砂种子休眠与萌发过程中同工酶的活性及酶谱变化规律,为阳春砂种子休眠与萌发过程生理调控机制的分析探讨奠定基础.[方法]以赤霉素浸种前、浸种后、培养10 d、种子露白、胚芽长至1 cm时各阶段的阳春砂种子为材料,测定其种子中过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,并采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)技术研究建立过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及酯酶(EST)同工酶的电泳酶谱.[结果]阳春砂种子在休眠和萌发过程中,POD、SOD、CAT和EST同工酶的活性及酶谱带的数量均发生了一定的变化,其中POD和SOD同工酶活性均呈先减弱后增强的趋势;CAT同工酶在萌发前期变化不明显,后期酶的活性增强,且酶的种类也增加;EST同工酶的酶活性呈先减弱后增强再减弱的变化趋势,且在种子露白时活性达到最强.[结论]阳春砂种子休眠与萌发过程中同工酶谱的变化特点一定程度上可反应出种子休眠与萌发不同阶段的生理特性,这些同工酶基因的差异表达导致了阳春砂种子打破体眠和最终的萌发.     

水稻和陆稻品种抗旱性综合评价

从产量性状、外部形态和生理生化3个方面多个指标中选出11项有代表性的指标,采用其旱/水比相对值（划分评分标准）和权重计分法对4个水、陆稻品种（组合）进行了抗旱性综合评价,综合评分以TANGARA最高（4.06分）明显高于其他3个品种,IAPAR9（3.33分）次之,稍高于新香优80（3.21分）,R80最低（2.59分）。表明TANGARA有较强的抗旱性,IAPAR9和新香优80抗旱性相差不大,R80较差,与生产实际表现基本一致。表明此项方法具有较强的客观性和准确性。