合肥周边地区猪PCV-2感染的血清学调查报告

用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对合肥市周边地区A、B、C、D 4个万头以上猪场的220份血清样品进行猪圆环病毒II型(PCV-2)血清抗体的检测。结果显示,被检猪场中种猪的PCV-2抗体阳性率为21．36％,总阳性率为14．55％。A、B、C、D 4个猪场均有抗体检测阳性猪存在,但感染率有较大差别。     

海北地区牦牛衣原体和布鲁氏菌病的血清学检测

2010-2012年期间,应用衣原体间接血凝试验和布鲁氏菌病试管凝集试验对采自海北州所属4县的部分牦牛血清进行了衣原体和布鲁氏菌病的检测,结果在3351份牦牛血清中,检出衣原体阳性血清94份,阳性率2.8％;另从采集的6303份牦牛血清样品,检出布鲁氏菌病阳性血清388份,阳性率6.15％.表明,海北州的牦牛群中存在衣原体病和布病的感染.     

民和县川水地区奶牛布鲁氏菌病的血清学调查

对民和县川水地区奶牛进行了随机抽样,共抽检血清样品550份。按照国家通用的检测标准,对所抽样品先用虎红平板凝集试验进行筛选,把检出的阳性血清再用试管凝集试验进行了确定,结果：虎红平板凝集试验检测出阳性数为28份,阴性522份,阳性率为5．1％;试管凝集试验检出阳性数为20份,阴性527份,可疑3份,阳性率为3．6％。检测结果表明民和县的奶牛仍然存在布病的感染。     

海南地区衣原体病血清学调查

应用间接血凝（IHA）试验对海南州5县的1202份牛血清和1732份羊血清进行了衣原体病血清学检测,结果检出：牛阳性血清91份,阳性率为7．6％,羊阳性血清63份,阳性率为3．6％。     

青海省海晏县绵羊衣原体病的调查

应用衣原体间接血凝试验（IHA）进行了青海省海晏县绵羊衣原体病血清学调查,共检测237份生产母羊血清均检出阳性13份,阳性率为5．49％。其中：哈勒景乡的生产母羊血清77份,检出阳性4份,阳性率为5．19％;金滩乡的生产母羊血清81份,检出阳性6份,阳性率为7．41％;银滩乡的生产母羊血清79份,检出阳性3份,阳性率为3．80％。     

天峻县部分乡镇牦牛弓形虫病的血清学调查

应用弓形虫抗体间接血凝诊断试剂,对来自青海省大峻县四个乡的360份牦牛血清进行了弓形虫抗体的检测和分析。结果检出21份阳性血清,血清阳性率为5.83%。为该地区及青海省高原高寒地区制定有效措施防治牦牛弓形虫病提供了一定的参考依据。     

上海地区猪和奶牛血清中TTV（Torque Teno virns）感染的检测

于2009年3～5月采集上海地区的200份牛血清和400份猪血清,采用ELISA和荧光PCR方法检测其TTV（Torque Teno virus）感染状况。经ELISA检测,牛血清样品中检出阳性数2份,阳性率1．0％;猪血清样品中共检出阳性数15份,阳性率3．75％,其中生产母猪和育肥肉猪的阳性率分别为5．5％和2．0％,而荧光PCR检测结果均为阴性。结果表明上海地区猪和牛TTV感染现状处于较低水平。     

云南奶（水）牛口蹄疫和布氏杆菌病血清学监测及防控措施

本文报告了云南奶（水）牛口蹄疫和布氏杆菌病血清学监测的结果,并在此基础上提出了相应的防控措施。2011年度,云南省现代农业（奶牛）产业技术体系奶牛疫病控制功能实验室在体系所属的2个综合试验站和4个区域推广站各示范场、养殖小区和养殖户采集奶牛、奶水牛血清样品共计311份。应用口蹄疫A型、亚洲Ⅰ型和O型免疫抗体液相阻断ELISA检测方法,检出口蹄疫O型抗体阳性数253份,阳性率81.35%;亚洲Ⅰ型抗体阳性数278份,阳性率89.39%;A型抗体阳性数110份,阳性率35.37%。应用口蹄疫3ABC抗体检测方法检出抗体阳性样品7份,阳性率2.25%。应用IDEXX牛布氏杆菌抗体检测方法检出布氏杆菌抗体阳性样品2份,阳性率0.64%。针对本次获得的口蹄疫和布氏杆菌病血清学监测结果,提出了相应的防控措施,强化奶牛和奶水牛犊牛免疫、跟踪监测和完善生物安全措施。     

牦牛病毒性腹泻病PCR诊断方法的建立

采用阻断ELISA方法对来自天峻县的327份牦牛血清进行了牛BVDV特异性抗体的检测,共检出231份血清阳性,血清阳性率为70.64%。其中:在135份野牦牛血清中检出110份阳性血清,阳性率为81.48%;在192份家牦牛血清中检出阳性121份,阳性率为63.02%。从231份ELISA检测阳性血清中随机抽取了20份,采用RT-PCR方法进行检测,结果共检出18份样品为BVDV/MV RT-PCR阳性,阴性血清未扩增出E0基因,RT-PCR方法检测结果与ELISA方法符合率为90%。     

青海省互助县某养殖场部分母羊流产病因的检测

通过虎红平板凝集试验（RBPT）、弓形虫和衣原体间接血凝试验（IHA）,对来自青海省互助县某羊场的19份母羊血清进行了布鲁氏菌、弓形虫和衣原体的血清抗体检测.结果检出衣原体阳性血清1份,阳性率为5.3％;未检出布鲁氏菌和弓形虫的阳性血清.流产胎儿瘤胃液,经PCR检测,为衣原体感染.     

贵州省山羊流产的病原学鉴定

为了解贵州省山羊流产与山羊痘的相关性,采用琼脂扩散试验和PCR法对本省10个市(县)流产羊群的血清和病料样本进行山羊痘抗原抗体及病原核酸检测,同时血清进行布氏杆菌抗体检测,流产胎儿病料进行羊流产亲衣原体病原核酸检测。结果发现山羊痘羊群流产率达37.1%(4329/11660),山羊痘血清抗体阳性率为38.2%(34/89),抗原阳性率为72.7%(32/44),流产胎儿山羊痘病毒核酸检出率为83.3%(10/12),发病羊群未检出布氏杆菌和羊流产亲衣原体感染。结果表明,山羊流产与山羊痘感染有一定关系,提示在山羊养殖中应加强饲养管理,防止山羊痘感染引起孕羊流产。     

Some observations on the sero-prevalence of heartwater and tick infestation in Zambian goats

A survey was carried out to define the distribution of heartwater in goats that originated from six districts in communal grazing semi-arid areas of Zambia. A total of 181 samples (40.1%) out of 451 serum samples from adult goats were positive for Ehrlichia ruminantium antibodies after screening using indirect MAP-1B antigen ELISA technique with statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) between the six districts. Out of 1 036 adult goats examined for tick infestation, 105 were infested by ticks, with Amblyomma species being the most dominant tick encountered. Amblyomma variegatum, which is the vector for heartwater transmission in Zambia constituted 42.4% of the tick species, identified. The overall tick infestation rate was 10% while the tick:goat ratio was 2.1:1. Amblyomma variegatum appears to be widespread throughout the study area, as are antibodies to E. ruminantium.     

Diagnosis of paratuberculosis by fecal culture and ELISA on milk and serum samples in two types of Chilean dairy goat herds.

Fecal culture has been the primary method used to diagnose paratuberculosis in goats. It is laborious, slow, and expensive. Validation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) on milk samples could make paratuberculosis testing more widely available for goat farmers. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of serum and milk ELISAs for paratuberculosis, relative to fecal culture, in Chilean dairy goats. Eight dairy goat herds were selected. Feces, blood, and milk samples were collected from all female goats >2 years old. Fecal samples were cultured using Herrold egg yolk medium with mycobactin J and antibiotics. Serum and milk samples were tested using a commercial ELISA kit for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antibody detection. A total of 383 goats were tested by ELISA and fecal culture. The sensitivity of ELISA on serum and milk relative to fecal culture was 74.3% (95% CI: 59.8-88.8) and 60% (95% CI: 43.8-76.2), respectively. The corresponding values for ELISA specificity based on the percentage of non- M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected goats testing ELISA-negative were 98.6% (95% CI: 96.6-100) and 99.3% (95% CI: 97.9-100) on serum and milk, respectively. Proportions of positive results for serum and fecal samples were significantly different, whereas the proportions of positive results for milk and fecal samples were not significantly different. The milk ELISA had a moderate level of agreement with fecal culture results (Kappa = 0.57). The paratuberculosis ELISA on goat milk samples may be a cost-effective, accurate alternative to fecal culture.     

河南及重庆、安徽部分地区山羊球虫感染情况与种类调查

采用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对河南省的8个地区、重庆市的云阳县和安徽省的合肥市共1126份山羊粪便样品进行检查,发现1070份球虫阳性样品,总感染率95．03％。对813份阳性样本中的球虫卵囊进行形态学鉴定,共发现12种艾美耳球虫,分别为阿普艾美耳球虫、阿氏艾美耳球虫、艾丽艾美耳球虫、斑点艾美耳球虫、苍白艾美耳球虫、家山羊艾美耳球虫、柯察艾美耳球虫、克氏艾美耳球虫、妮氏艾美耳球虫、山羊艾美耳球虫、羊艾美耳球虫和约奇艾美耳球虫。山羊最多可同时感染9种球虫,多数为2-4种,混合感染率78．7％;6月龄以下、6-12月龄和1岁以上山羊球虫感染率分别为93．3％、97．1％和96-3％,平均OPG值分别为5282．77、3550．71和1507．88;除奶山羊外,不同品种山羊球虫感染无明显差异;舍饲和放牧山羊球虫感染率分别为95．7％和92．8％,平均OPC值分别为3744．35和1028．62。跟踪调查显示,舍饲山羊球虫感染无明显季节性,但夏秋季节球虫感染强度高于冬春季节。     

Prevalence of Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) antibodies among sheep and goats in India

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pestivirus antibodies in sheep and goats in India. A total of 2803 serum samples collected between 2004 and 2008 from 1777 sheep in 92 flocks and 1026 goats in 63 flocks belonging to 13 states were tested by competition ELISA for detection of pestivirus antibodies. In sheep, the true prevalence rate was 23.4% (95% confidence interval: 22.9%–27.0%) and in goats it was 16.9% (95% CI: 16.4%–21.3%). The flock level seroprevalence was 66.3% for sheep and 54.0% for goats. Geographical variation in individual and flock prevalence was highly significant. A significant association (p?<?0.05) was found between sheep and goat flocks having cattle contact and the flock level seroprevalence. The seroprevalence was lower in 6 months–1 year age group compared to the 1–2 year and >2 year age groups in both sheep and goats. Cross neutralization studies on 61 seropositive sheep and 34 seropositive goat samples representing all positive flocks, exhibited > four fold higher titre to bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) in 41 sheep and 23 goat samples and to BVDV-2 in one sheep and goat each. This study for the first time showed serological evidence of wide spread BVDV infections in Indian sheep and goats, with BVDV-1 predominating and BVDV-2 occasionally besides highlighting the potential risk of infection to other species, which needs to be considered whenever BVD control measures are initiated.     

奶山羊乳房炎防治关键技术

富平县是中国奶山羊之乡,羊乳之都,千亿级奶山羊产业链的主战场。全县奶山羊存栏 82 万只,全县 16 个镇（街道办）都有养殖,其中 主要集中在刘集镇、流曲镇、齐村镇、到贤镇、东华街道办、 留古镇等。全县乳品加工企业 6 家,为奶山羊产业提供了强有力的支撑。随着奶 山羊产业链的不断延伸和升级,奶山羊存栏量不断上升。由于存栏的增加,奶山羊乳房炎发病数较多,对产业影响较大。为了做到“早发现、 早治疗、早处置、早预防”奶山羊乳房炎,笔者就奶山羊乳房炎的发生机理和防治技术做了临床研究,取得了较好的防治效果,现分享如下。     

Brucellae through the food chain: the role of sheep, goats and springbok (Antidorcus marsupialis) as sources of human infections in Namibia

A confirmed case of human brucellosis motivated an investigation into the potential source of infection in Namibia. Since domestic animals are principal sources of Brucella infection in humans, 1692 serum samples were screened from sheep, goats and cattle from 4 presumably at-risk farms and 900 springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) serum samples from 29 mixed farming units for Brucella antibodies by the Rose-Bengal test (RBT) and positive cases confirmed by complement fixation test (CFT). To assess the prevalence of human brucellosis, 137 abattoir employees were tested for Brucella antibodies using the standard tube agglutination test (STAT) and by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cattle and sheep from all 4 farms were negative by RBT and CFT but 2 of the 4 farms (Ba and C) had 26/42 and 12/285 seropositive goats, respectively. Post mortem examination of seropositive goats revealed no gross pathological lesions typical of brucellosis except enlarged mesenteric and iliac lymph nodes seen in a single buck. Culture for brucellae from organs of seropositive animals was negative. None of the wildlife sera tested positive by either RBT or CFT. Interviews revealed that besides the case that prompted the investigation, a family and another person from other farms with confirmed brucellosis shared a common history of consumption of unpasteurised goat milk, home-made goat cheese and coffee with raw milk and prior contact with goats, suggesting goats as the likely source of infection. All 137 abattoir employees tested negative by STAT, but 3 were positive by ELISA. The 3 abattoir workers were clinically normal and lacked historical connections with clinical cases. Although goats are often associated with B. melitensis, these studies could not explicitly implicate this species owing to cross-reactivity with B. abortus, which can also infect goats. Nevertheless, these data reinforce the need for a better National Control Programme for brucellosis in Namibia.     

Prevalence and mortality rate of peste des petitis ruminant (ppr): possible association with abortion in goat

Present study was designed to investigate the prevalence and mortality (%) caused by Peste des Petitis Ruminant (PPR) and its possible association with abortion in goat flocks at different areas of Pakistan. A total of 140 animals were samples in the population of 650 which was having 185 deaths (Mortality rate = 28 %) from three different regions of the country. There were 58 abortions in the 140 pregnant goats of above said population One hundred & ten (110) serum samples from diseased, recovered and apparently healthy animals were tested for the presence of PPR antibodies by competitive ELISA (c ELISA). Eighty-four (84) animals were positive for PPR antibodies whereas in apparently healthy adult goats in the same flock, no PPR antibodies were detected. Twenty-four (24) tissue samples collected from the dead animals and six samples from aborted fetus were tested for the presence of PPR antigen by Immuno-capture ELISA (Ic ELISA). Nineteen (19) out of thirty (30) organ samples mainly from lung, spleen, lymph node were found positive for PPR antigen but negative from lungs of aborted fetus. There was a high rate of abortions (28–45 %) in each of the outbreak and it was highest in the outbreak of Golra Sharif, Islamabad (No. = 21 in total population of 100). As the serum samples from the aborted dams were found positive for PPR antibodies so the study provides the possible association of mortality and prevalence of PPR disease with high rate of abortions in goat.     

我国部分地区牛羊弓形虫血清流行病学调查

为了解我国牛羊弓形虫病流行情况,应用间接血凝试验（IHA）对河南、山东、山西、内蒙古、云南、贵州6省区151份牛血清、50份奶样、490份羊血清进行了弓形虫病血清流行病学调查。结果显示：151份被检牛血清和50份牛奶样品,弓形虫抗体均为阴性。490份羊血清弓形虫抗体总阳性率5.71％,其中母羊、公羊血清阳性率分别为4.03％和9.79％;山羊、绵羊、杂交羊血清阳性率分别为6.58％、4.81％和5.13％;阳性率最高的为公山羊（13.2％）,最低的为母绵羊（2.96％）。28份阳性羊血清中,75％的抗体滴度为1：64,25％的抗体滴度为1：256。1岁后的羊,随年龄增长,血清阳性率升高。     

Comparative diagnostic potential of three serological tests for abortive Q fever in goat herds

Performances of an ELISA, an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and a complement fixation test (CFT) were assessed for detecting antibodies against Coxiella burnetii after Q fever abortions in naturally infected goats. The goal of the study was to provide information useful for veterinary serodiagnosis in regard to categories of goats either experiencing Q fever abortion or not, blood sampling times and recommended cut-offs. The study was conducted on eight goat herds with evidence of C. burnetii abortions. In each herd, at least 5 goats that had aborted and 10 goats prior to parturition or at term were monitored 15, 30 and 60 days (D15, D30, D60) after the onset of Q fever abortion. The overall CFT results distribution did not differ between the two groups of goats and showed poor agreement with the ELISA results. In contrast, the ELISA and IFA results revealed comparable significant differences, but overall the ELISA test was slightly more sensitive than the IFA test. Seroprevalence, according to ELISA and IFA respectively, was higher in the aborting (88% and 82%) than in the non-aborting group (60% and 50%). High levels of serum antibodies were detected in goats post-abortion with an average of 114 %OD using ELISA and a log10(titer) of 2.4 using IFA. Strongly positive ELISA (%OD>80) and positive IFA results (log10(titers)>1.9) were significantly associated with abortion. Sampling on D15 gave the best association with ORs of 10 for ELISA and 6 for IFA. The practical interest of these results is discussed.