康县木本芳香植物调查初报

据1991—1992年调查,康县有木本芳香植物88种,占甘肃芳香植物总数的41％,占全国总数的22％。种类较多的科有术兰科、樟科、蔷薇科、芸香料,木犀科,豆科等。本文叙述了康县木本芳香植物的名称,分布特点和11种有待开发利用木本芳香植物的分布、生境、精油含量及用途;同时,对今后进一步开发利用和保护康县木本芳香植物资源提出了几点建议。     

江苏木本香料植物资源开发利用

江苏地处暖温带和亚热带的过渡地带,境内平原河渠阡陌纵横,山区丘陵绵亘起伏,各类资源植物较为丰富,据笔者统计木本香料植物的大科有:樟科6属17种;蔷薇科2属20种;芸香科6属16种;木犀科3属10种;杜鹃花科2属6种;安息香科2属5种;金缕梅科2属4种。以玫瑰、花椒等种类栽培历史悠久,有一定的经营规模。本文对我省有潜在发展优势的木本香料植物作了初步分析和探讨,供有关同志参考。一、江苏有潜在发展优势的木本香料植物(1)玫瑰属蔷薇科、蔷薇属植物,全省各     

鄂南地区观赏芳香植物资源及园林应用初探

笔者通过调查,初步摸清鄂南地区有观赏芳香植物171种,占区内维管束植物总数的8.6%,其中以唇形科、芸香科、樟科、柏科、木兰科、蔷薇科、木樨科、百合科等科的种群优势最为明显。笔者从盆栽观赏、城市绿化两方面对鄂南地区观赏芳香植物在园林中的应用进行了探讨。在调查探讨基础上,建议从乡土观赏芳香植物驯化扩繁和丰富在园林中的应用形式等方面开发利用本地区观赏芳香植物资源。     

广东古兜山省级自然保护区芳香植物资源调查

广东古兜山省级自然保护区有芳香植物88科190属252种,其中蕨类植物6科6属8种,裸子植物6科11属16种,被子植物76科173属228种,主要分布于菊科、樟科、木兰科、桃金娘科、芸香科、桑科和马鞭草科等;文章分析了古兜山省级自然保护区芳香植物的基本特性、主要经济用途和利用状况,并对其资源保护和开发利用提出建议。     

贵州台江县野生木本芳香植物资源调查与园林应用分析

【目的】为研究野生木本芳香植物资源状况和芳香特性,通过野外调查对贵州台江县野生木本芳香植物资源类群和园林应用评价进行了研究,以期为开发利用乡土芳香植物资源提供参考。【方法】在台江县种质资源普查的基础上,针对绿化观赏树种,在2019—2022年间,采用重复多次随机踏查和线路调查方法,对野生木本芳香植物资源进行了调查研究。【结果】台江县野生木本芳香植物大约有36科74属136种,其中：裸子植物1科1属1种,被子植物35科73属135种;从芳香特性来看,花期主要集中在春季,以3—5月为主,有109种,占总种数的80.15%;台江县有清香和芳香类野生木本芳香植物共47种,是清香和芳香类野生木本芳香植物的重要分布区。从园林用途看,以园林景观树和行道树用最多,有46种,占33.82%;台江县野生木本芳香植物开发潜力巨大的Ⅰ级有5种,开发潜力较大的Ⅱ级有64种,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级占总种数的50.74%。【结论】台江县野生木本芳香植物资源较丰富,开发潜力大。     

日本南九州大学都城校区木本植物资源调查

于2019年9月—2020年4月,对日本南九州大学都城校区的木本植物资源进行实地调查和统计分析。结果表明:该校区木本植物共有60科136属236种,其中裸子植物7科14属25种,被子植物53科122属211种;常绿树种135种,落叶树种101种,观花树种102种,观果树种68种,观形树种192种,观叶色树种44种,绿篱树种44种;应用较多的是蔷薇科(Rosaceae, 11属29种)、木兰科(Magnoliaceae, 2属10种)、芸香科(Rutaceae, 1属10种)、槭树科(Aceraceae, 1属9种)、壳斗科(Fagaceae, 5属9种)、杜鹃花科(Eriaceae, 4属8种)、樟科(Lauraceae, 4属8种)。说明该校区木本植物资源物种多样,色彩丰富,可为广大师生提供良好的学习和生活环境。     

汶川震区城乡绿化恢复重建中观赏性芳香植物应用分析＊--以北川县为例

通过对四川地震灾区北川县城乡绿化恢复重建中观赏性芳香植物的种类及其应用进行调查分析，可知：该植物常见种类共87种，隶属于76属，46科，种类较多的科有蔷薇科、木兰科、菊科、木犀科和樟科；应用形式主要有道路绿化、庭院绿化、垂直绿化、防护林、水体绿化、绿篱和地被绿化。并探讨了观赏性芳香植物在北川县应用中的不足及相应建议。     

香遍中国——中国芳香植物的种类位居世界第一

芳香植物是指植物体含有挥发性精油的植物类群,在植物世界里占有很重要的角色。据不完全统计,在世界上有有芳香植物3600多种,被有效开发利用的有400多种,分属于唇型科,菊科,伞型科,十字花科,芸香科,姜科,豆科,鸢尾科,蔷薇科等中国幅员辽阔,植物物种极其丰富,芳香植物的种类更是     

陕西牛背梁自然保护区野生木本彩叶植物资源

为更好地保护和利用野生植物资源,对牛背梁保护区野生木本彩叶植物资源种类进行了调查和整理。结果表明,牛背梁保护区野生木本彩叶植物资源共有24科38属79种,其中槭树科、蔷薇科、壳斗科和卫矛科植物种类最丰富,并将其按观赏季节分为秋色叶类、春色叶类,按叶色性状分为单色叶类、双色叶类、斑叶及花叶类。     

九阜山野生油脂植物资源及其开发利用

对福建省尤溪县九阜山省级自然保护区野生油脂植物资源进行调查,结果表明该区共有野生油脂植物44科73属91种,占全国油脂植物108科397属974种的40.7%、18.4%和9.3%。优势科有樟科(9种)、大戟科(6种)、山茶科(6种)、蔷薇科(4种)、榆科(4种)、漆树科(4种),优势属有山茶属(4种)、山胡椒属(3种)、山矾属(3种)。开发利用价值较大的种类有马尾松、竹柏、草珊瑚、三叶木通、樟树、乌药、木油桐、多花山竹子、油茶、栝楼、赛山梅与木腊树等。对该区野生油脂植物的种类组成、取用部位、含油率大小、分布、生活型以及开发利用价值进行了分析,并提出开发利用建议。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.