陕西省绥德县2010年畜间布鲁菌病监测分析

通过对畜间布鲁茵病检测,掌握了陕西省绥德县全县布鲁茵病感染现状,找出了人感染布鲁茵病的主要传染源,并就今后布鲁菌病的综合防控提出了建议.     

山东省某县级市人间布病流行病学调查及畜间布病防控对策

山东省某县级市近几年人间布鲁菌病高发,人间布鲁菌病与畜间布鲁菌病的发生密切相关,本研究采用Excel2013软件对该市2013—2016年的布鲁菌病档案和疫情报告以及山东省卫生和计划生育委员会公告数据进行统计和描述性分析。共检测出血清阳性个体295人,2013—2015年布鲁菌病发病数逐年上升,2016年呈略微下降趋势;部分城镇感染人数突出;40～50岁的男性农民是感染布鲁菌病的高危人群,形势依然严峻,应密切关注该市畜间布鲁菌病疫情动态,从源头上控制人间布鲁菌病的发生和发展。     

青海省畜间布鲁菌病流行现状与分析

布鲁菌病(简称布病),是严重影响人类身体健康和畜牧业发展的人畜共患传染病.我省近几年的监测结果表明,畜间布病疫情已明显回升,并给当地畜牧业发展和人民身体健康造成较大危害.为切实摸清本省畜间布病发生情况,我们制定了<2009年全省布鲁菌病防控方案>,在全省范围内加大了布病的监测范围和监测数量,通过监测,基本掌握了畜间布病的流行动态,为下一步制定防控措施提供了科学依据.     

牛乳样本中布鲁菌的核酸检测及风险评估

<正>布鲁菌病(Brucellosis)是由布鲁菌(Brucella)侵入机体引起的重要人畜共患病。该病广泛分布于世界各地,我国也有着广泛的流行区域,较为严重的是近年来布鲁菌病发病呈上升趋势[1]。据报道,截止2009年全国29个省(区、市)发生畜间布鲁菌病,牛、羊、猪感染达百万头之多,人间布鲁菌病2009年全年新增病例3.7万例,世界范围内每年出现约50万例人间布鲁菌病[2]。由于该病危害大、流行广,不仅影响畜     

布鲁菌病研究进展

布鲁菌病是目前世界上流行最广、危害最大的人兽共患病之一,在全世界170多个国家和地区有人、畜布鲁菌病存在和流行.我国25个省(市、区)有人、畜布鲁菌病存在和流行.随着畜牧业的快速发展,布鲁菌病在多数疫区明显有回升趋势.2005年全国新发病19 664人,发病率为1.504/10万,超过历史最高记录.布鲁菌是细胞内寄生的革兰氏阴性菌,主要引起人的波状热和慢性感染以及动物睾丸炎和流产等,直接危害公共安全,造成严重的经济损失.近年来从多种海洋哺乳动物(海豹、海豚、鲸等)中也分离出布鲁菌.通过DNA同源性比较,发现海洋与陆地哺乳动物布鲁菌DNA的同源性高达90%以上.随着分子生物学的发展,对布鲁菌分子结构的研究不断获得新的发现,为进一步认识和控制布鲁菌病提供了可能.文章从布鲁菌病流行的历史与现状、布鲁菌的抗原分子生物特性、布鲁菌病的检测方法和布鲁菌病疫苗的现状等方面对布鲁菌病的研究进展做了介绍.     

畜间布鲁菌病检测诊断研究

近年来,布鲁菌病疫情在畜间呈逐年上升的趋势,不仅严重影响畜牧业的生产发展,还威胁着人类健康,已成为世界性公共卫生问题。文章简述了目前中国畜间布鲁菌病的主要实验室诊断方法及国内外诊断技术方面所取得的新进展,并对其优点、缺点进行分析,为快速、精确地检测和诊断布鲁菌病提供技术支持。     

畜间布鲁菌病试管凝集试验操作改进初探

布鲁菌病是重要的人畜共患病,试管凝集试验是我国诊断动物布鲁菌病的法定试验。结合多年来从事动物布鲁菌病实验室诊断工作的经验,对试管凝集试验的操作过程进行改进。改进后的方法简化了试验的操作步骤,节省了检测时间,可用于畜间布病的大批量监测。     

卫生部、农业部要求加强布鲁菌痴防治工作

卫生部、农业部日前发出通知．要求各地加强布鲁菌病防治工作。我国近年来人间和畜间布鲁菌病疫情持续快速上升，部分地区呈暴发和流行趋势。人间布鲁菌病疫情已波及28个省份。布鲁茵病是人畜共惠传染病。     

布鲁菌病发生的原因分析及防治对策

布鲁菌病是由布鲁菌引起的一种人畜共患的传染病。在畜间，布病疫情主要以羊为主，其次为牛，现将在布病防治中的一些经验加以总结，供参考。     

漳州市布鲁氏杆菌病血清学调查

布鲁氏杆菌病是人畜共患的一类传染病,我省在60年代初的血清学调查中,从阳性的猪、狗病畜中分离到布鲁氏杆菌,从而证实了该病在我省畜间的存在。而后经近20年的防疫灭病工作,畜间和人群间的病例基本消灭,血清学普查阳性数也大为减少。80年代以来,随着市场开放,种畜及畜产品的频繁流通,血清阳性率有增加的趋势。为了摸清我市近年来畜间布鲁氏杆菌病感染情况,1997年4且对我市猪、牛、羊进行血清学抽样普查,现将血清学普查情况总结如下：1材料与方法1．1血清来源试验血清采自本市的长泰县、龙海市部分猪场、农户散养的种猪,以及部分…     

伊犁地区牛布鲁氏杆菌病发病情况调查及防控措施

2006—2008年间,采用试管凝集试验对新疆伊犁6个地区共14468头牛进行了布鲁氏杆菌感染情况的调查。结果显示,牛布鲁氏茵感染率为0．08％（11／14468）,在被检地区呈点状分布,且母牛感染率远远高于公牛。本次调查不仅为了解伊犁地区牛布氏杆菌病疫情态势提供了理论依据,而且为牛布病研究与防控提供了宝贵数据。     

Eradication of bovine brucellosis in the 10th Region de Los Lagos,Chile

The process of Bovine Brucellosis Eradication that began in 1996 in the 10th Region de Los Lagos of Chile will be reviewed. The region comprises the most important dairy area of the country and it has the largest concentration of brucellosis infected herds. Based on the information gathered by an epidemiological surveillance system, the results of the eradication process for the years 1996 till 2001 are presented as rates of Milk Ring Test (MRT) positive dairies, rates of brucellosis reactors (bovines) in livestock markets and slaughterhouses, and the annual incidence and prevalence of brucellosis infected herds.

During the period the rates of positive dairies, bovine reactors in livestock markets and slaughterhouses, and the annual incidence and prevalence of infected herds have experienced a decrease, while the rate of bovine reactors in slaughterhouses has remained stable. Data on the preventive measures taken, such as vaccination of female bovines and Certification of Brucellosis Free Herds, are also shown. The surveillance system has allowed the detection of infected herds, while the measures of prevention and cleaning of infected herds have allowed a reduction in the incidence and prevalence of the infection by Brucella abortus.     

Small ruminant brucellosis and community perception in Jijiga District,Somali Regional State,Eastern Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study of brucellosis in small ruminants was carried out from October 2008 to March 2009 in Jijiga District, Somali Regional State of Ethiopia. Seven hundred thirty sera samples (421 of sheep and 309 of goats) were randomly collected from purposively selected villages of the study area. Structured questionnaire format was developed, pre-tested and administered to assess the perception of the community pertaining to brucellosis in sheep and goats. Sera samples were screened by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), and all samples tested positive by the RBPT were subjected to Complement Fixation Test (CFT) for confirmation. Of 12 serum samples that were positive by RBPT, 11 were positive by CFT. Statistically significant differences were not observed between the species as well as the sex groups (P > 0.05); however, the variation between the age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Analysis of the questionnaire survey suggests that improper handling of aborted materials, consumption of raw milk, and lack of awareness about the disease, among others, might greatly contribute to further spread of brucellosis in their livestock and exposes the community to a public health hazard. In general, the sero-prevalence in the study area was not so high; nevertheless, appropriate brucellosis control and prevention methods should be implemented to circumvent future potential for economic losses and the public health hazard of the disease.     

Prevalence of Brucellosis in Horse North-East of Iran

Brucella preferentially infects cattle, swine, sheep, and goats. However, some epidemiological surveys have been carried out to investigate nonruminants, such as horses. Horse brucellosis has been found in clinical cases, but there are few epidemiologic patterns. Between May 2008 and April 2009, a total of 120 horses were screened for brucella infections in Mashhad, Iran, by the rose bengal test and the tube agglutination test. Sera from three horses were found positive by rose bengal test and tube agglutination test, and therefore the prevalence rate was 2.5%. In horses, the highest individual seroprevalence was in an animal kept close under the intensive system, with other animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats. The zoonotic aspects of brucellosis from the horse must, therefore, be considered because the disease is important from a public health standpoint. The present study documents the first serological evidence of Brucella spp. infection in horses in Iran.     

A live vaccine from Brucella abortus strain 82 for control of cattle brucellosis in the Russian Federation

During the first half of the twentieth century, widespread regulatory efforts to control cattle brucellosis due to Brucella abortus in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics were essentially non-existent, and control was limited to selective test and slaughter of serologic agglutination reactors. By the 1950s, 2-3 million cattle were being vaccinated annually with the strain 19 vaccine, but because this vaccine induced strong, long-term titers on agglutination tests that interfered with identification of cattle infected with field strains of B. abortus, its use in cattle was discontinued in 1970. Soviet scientists then began a comprehensive program of research to identify vaccines with high immunogenicity, weak responses on agglutination tests and low pathogenicity in humans, as a foundation for widespread control of cattle brucellosis. While several new vaccines that induced weak or no responses on serologic agglutination tests were identified by experiments in guinea pigs and cattle, a large body of experimental and field studies suggested that the smooth-rough strain SR82 vaccine combined the desired weak agglutination test responses with comparatively higher efficacy against brucellosis. In 1974, prior to widespread use of strain SR82 vaccine, over 5300 cattle farms across the Russian Federation were known to be infected with B. abortus. By January 2008, only 68 cattle farms in 18 regions were known to be infected with B. abortus, and strain SR82 continues to be the most widely and successfully used vaccine in many regions of the Russian Federation.     

Retrospective Study: Trends in plasma transfusion at a veterinary teaching hospital: 308 patients (1996–1998 and 2006–2008)

Objectives – To describe changes in fresh frozen plasma (FFP) utilization over a 10‐year period at a veterinary teaching hospital. To evaluate the effect of FFP administration on specific laboratory parameters. Design – Retrospective observational study. Setting – University teaching hospital. Animals– Two hundred and eighty‐three dogs and 25 cats. Interventions – A hospital database search was performed for all animals receiving FFP during the study periods. Measurements and Main Results – Medical records of patients receiving plasma transfusions from 2006 to 2008 and from 1996 to 1998 were reviewed. Data collected included indications for transfusion, transfused volume, concurrent therapies, clinicopathologic data pre‐ and post‐transfusion, transfusion reactions, days of hospitalization, and outcome. FFP was administered to 112 dogs and 23 cats from 2006 to 2008 and to 171 dogs and 2 cats from 1996 to 1998. Significantly fewer patients received FFP for the treatment of hypoalbuminemia (2006–2008: 15% versus 1996–1998: 53%; P<0.001) or pancreatitis (2006–2008: 2% versus 1996–1998: 13%; P=0.001) and significantly more patients received FFP for coagulopathy (2006–2008: 80% versus 1996–1998: 31%; P<0.001) in the 2006–2008 group compared with the 1996–1998 group. For all patients receiving FFP, there was no difference in mean serum albumin concentration pre‐ and post‐transfusion. Median prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were significantly decreased post FFP administration. No association was found between the volume of plasma administered and outcome. Conclusions – FFP utilization has changed significantly over a 10‐year period. FFP was used most commonly in 2006–2008 for the correction of coagulopathy. FFP administration was associated with significant reduction in prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time but did not significantly alter albumin concentration when administered at median doses of 15–18 mL/kg.     

羊布鲁氏菌病及其国内外防控净化措施

布鲁氏菌病(简称"布病")是由布鲁氏菌引起的一种人兽共患传染病.在引起布病的所有布鲁氏菌中,对人和家畜威胁最大的是羊种布鲁氏菌.近年来我国针对布病防控颁布了《国家布鲁氏菌病防治计划(2016-2020年)》等相关文件,但布病尤其是羊布病的发生率仍然处于上升趋势.论文主要介绍国内常用的羊布病的防控方法和策略,并结合国外成...     

动物布鲁氏菌病活疫苗生产环节生物安全风险分析与对策

布鲁氏菌病（布病）活疫苗是世界各国防控布病的重要生物资源,我国目前主要生产和应用的布病活疫苗为S2株和A19株。生物安全是布病活疫苗生产过程中的必须优先考虑的重要环节,随着兽药GMP（2020年版）的即将实施,规范布病活疫苗的生产与检验,防控生产环节中的生物安全风险,成为迫切需要研究和解决的突出问题。本文通过对布病活疫苗生产检验、设施维修维护、生产人员个人防护等环节的生物安全风险点进行分析,对布病活疫苗生产线提出改进建议,为相关企业动物布病活疫苗生产提供参考。     

山西省大同市灵丘县养殖户布鲁菌病知识宣传干预调查

[目的]了解山西省大同市灵丘县养殖户对布鲁菌病相关知识知晓情况、可能的感染危险行为,为针对性开展布鲁菌病健康宣教提供参考。[方法]采用简单随机抽样方法,在灵丘县选取70户牛养殖户,通过设计的调查问卷对养殖户的布病防控知识和高危行为情况开展现状调查。[结果]在70名被调查对象中,有77.14%的养殖户没有对新购入牛进行单独饲喂的防疫隔离意识。有45.71%的养殖户对牛群未免疫布病疫苗。虽然灵丘县近年来多次开展过布鲁菌病的宣传干预,但该次调查结果显示,宣传干预仍有较大的改善空间。[结论]灵丘县养殖户对布鲁菌病的知识知晓率相对较高,但仍距离规划目标还存在较大差距,仍存在不小的感染布鲁菌病的风险。因此,在接下来的工作中应加强针对养殖户进行布鲁菌病宣传干预,提高该部分人群对布鲁菌病的防护意识。     

An overview of the epidemiology and epizootology of brucellosis in selected countries of Central and Southeast Europe

The objective of this paper is to give an overview of the epidemiologic and epizootic status of brucellosis in selected countries of Central and Southeast Europe (Balkan region). Based on dimension of the disease problem, there is a need to establish collaboration in the eradication and prevention of brucellosis between all countries in the region. Although there were no readily accessible data concerning epidemiology and epizootology of brucellosis in these countries, the limited official and published data were analyzed.

The incidence of brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis in sheep, goats and humans is a very significant problem in Macedonia and Greece. In Greece, cattle are also affected either by B. melitensis or B. abortus. The disease is an endemic problem in some regions of Yugoslavia and includes B. suis biovar 2 in pigs and in Croatia, B. melitensis in sheep, goats and human is found occasionally. No problem appears to exist with brucellosis in Bulgaria.

Financial well-supported brucellosis control programs of the European Union that will include all countries, regardless of the magnitude of brucellosis incidence, are needed for eradication and control of brucellosis.