Psoriatic plaques in Macaca fascicularis

An adult male cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) developed erythematous plaques with adherent white scales on the skin. Microscopically, the epidermis had regular acanthosis with marked parakeratosis, focal absence of stratum granulosum, and spongiform pustules and Munro-like microabscesses. These histologic findings were suggestive of psoriasis vulgaris.     

一例老年食蟹猴免疫衰退分析

通过流式细胞仪测定T淋巴细胞亚群的值,并对动物进行剖检和病理学检查,分析老年食蟹猴免疫系统的变化。结果发现T淋巴细胞亚群中CD4/CD8倒置,胸腺退化消失,脾脏和淋巴结萎缩,脾脏的白髓和淋巴结的浅层皮质中存在少量的淋巴小结,但没有形成明显的生发中心。表明该老年食蟹猴免疫系统衰退。     

Uterine infarctions in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

Uterine infarctions have not been reported in domestic animals, and there are few reports in the human medical literature. In a retrospective study, uterine infarctions were identified in 9 of 323 (2.8%) female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) necropsied over a 13-year period. The infarctions were grossly visible, after fixation, on the serosal surface of the uterus in 2 monkeys; the remainder were first recognized in histologic sections. Histologically, the lesions consisted of well-demarcated regions of endometrial and myometrial necrosis and of hemorrhage. All affected monkeys had histologic evidence of a previous pregnancy, which included enlarged myometrial vessels with an expanded perivascular matrix. In all monkeys with uterine infarctions, there was clinical evidence of severe systemic illness, which included trauma, diarrhea, hypovolemia, or septicemia. The major pathologic findings in affected monkeys included cutaneous or skeletal muscle necrosis (n = 5), enterocolitis (n = 4), pulmonary edema or diffuse alveolar damage (n = 3), and intestinal amyloidosis (n = 1). Histopathologic evidence of intravascular fibrin thrombi in multiple organs of 5 monkeys was consistent with a diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). Based on these findings, it appears that uterine infarction is an uncommon finding in cynomolgus monkeys and may occur secondary to a severe systemic illness, predisposing to DIC.     

Measles in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

The measles virus is known to infect several species of monkeys. A group of 87 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) was screened to observe whether there was an association between measles and the cold symptoms seen in most of the animals. Another 23 monkeys were vaccinated with attenuated measles vaccine and their antibody titres monitored to ascertain whether the vaccine would protect them against measles.     

Collagenofibrotic glomerulonephropathy in a cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

Collagenofibrotic glomerulonephropathy (CFGN) is characterized by the deposition of type III collagen within the mesangial matrix and the absence of mesangial cell proliferation. A case of CFGN in a 2.7-year-old female cynomolgus macaque was investigated in the present study. Clinically, the animal was shown to have severe systemic edema along with hypoproteinemia. At necropsy, the kidneys were swollen and pale. The glomerular lesions were characterized by massive diffuse and global accumulation of fibrous materials in the mesangial areas. Neither mesangial cell proliferation nor changes in other organs were found. The fibrous materials were confirmed by the results of immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings to consist mainly of randomly arranged, curve-shaped, twisted, and entwined type III collagen. This is the first case report of CFGN in nonhuman primates to date.     

Toxic epidermal necrolysis in a monkey (Macaca fascicularis).

An adult male Macaca fascicularis monkey developed toxic epidermal necrolysis after ingestion of methylmercury. The clinical picture was characterized by the development of large cutaneous bullae with subsequent full-thickness epidermal exfoliation. Areas of sparse pelage were most affected, with the most severe exfoliation occurring on the palms, soles, face and ears. Erosions also developed within the oral mucosa and conjunctivae.     

Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

Alveolar echinococcosis was diagnosed in 12 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) at postmortem examination within a period of 6 years. Besides consistent involvement of the liver, parasitic lesions were also present in mesenteric lymph nodes, pancreas, lung, and kidney. In the liver, various patterns of host's responses to parasitic tissue could be distinguished. Infiltration of macrophages, often multinucleated, around usually intact metacestodes was the main feature of one pattern. A second pattern was characterized by the presence of abundant, normally degenerate granulocytes in addition to macrophages surrounding collapsed laminated structures. Finally and as a third pattern, some cysts were surrounded by marked collagen deposition, which was usually not a significant feature of the other foci. Parasitic cysts with protoscolices were observed in foci with the first and third pattern but not in the second one. The simultaneous occurrence of all three patterns was observed in most animals. Type AA amyloid was identified either in the space of Dissé, macrophages or blood vessel walls in nine animals using immunohistochemistry. Identity of parasitic structures such as metacestodes of Echinococcus multilocularis was confirmed immunohistochemically. All animals that could be tested serologically (7/12) had detectable antibodies against the E. multilocularis-specific Em2 antigen. Liver lesions of six animals were additionally analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, yielding the amplification of a specific E. multilocularis DNA fragment in each case.     

Thoracic mass in a cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

A male cynomolgus macaque at the age of 3 years and 11 months suffered sudden cardiac arrest during a surgical operation. This animal had been clinically asymptomatic for 6 months from the acclimatization period to death. At necropsy, a white mass approximately 5 cm in diameter was found at the base of the heart. Histopathologically, the mass consisted of a granuloma with a number of multinucleated giant cells and multiple necrotic foci. Fungal hyphae characterized by parallel cell walls, distinct septa, and branching were observed in the lesion. The granuloma extended into the thoracic lymph nodes and the subepicardium of the left atrium, compressed the bronchioli, and was separated from the pulmonary parenchyma by a thick fibrous layer. The hyphal morphology and results of polymerase chain reaction assays demonstrated that the pathogen was Aspergillus sp.     

Polyarteritis nodosa in a cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is an idiopathic necrotizing vasculitis affecting small- to medium-sized arteries. The disease is well recognized in humans, and PAN-like syndromes have been described in a number of other species. This report describes a case of PAN in a 6-year-old male cynomolgus macaque. The animal had necrotizing arteritis affecting vessels in the kidney, small intestine, colon, heart, spleen, mesentery, urinary bladder, and pancreas. The lesions were segmental in distribution and of varying severity and stage of development. A transmural mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate was present, often accompanied by fibrinoid necrosis of the tunica media and loss of the internal elastic lamina. Immunohistochemical staining showed that many of the infiltrating cells were T lymphocytes and histiocytes, suggesting a cell-mediated component to the pathogenesis.     

Electrocardiogram of the clinically normal, ketamine-sedated Macaca fascicularis

Electrocardiograms were obtained from 100 clinically normal cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) sedated with ketamine hydrochloride. Calculations were made for heart rates and mean electrical axes (frontal, sagittal, and transverse planes) as well as for amplitudes and/or intervals for P, PR, QRS, Q, R, S, and QT. Proposed ECG reference ranges are set forth for this species.     

SIV-associated lymphomas in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in comparison with HIV-associated lymphomas

A retrospective study was performed to characterize malignant lymphomas of 16 Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), 2-9 years of age, on the basis of clinical data, histologic and immunophenotypic results, and cell death indices compiled with the TdT-mediated X-duTP nick end labeling method. We particularly focused on providing immunohistochemical evidence of expression products of EBNA2, Bc12, c-Myc, P21, P53, and Bc16. Results were compared with data from the literature on human HIV-associated lymphomas. According to the updated Kiel classification, the lymphomas were classified as 11 centroblastic lymphomas, three immunoblastic lymphomas, one Burkitt-like lymphoma, and one immunocytoma. Using antibodies to CD20, the B-cell origin of tumor cells was demonstrated. SIV antigen was not demonstrated in the tumor cells. Infection with rhesus lymphocryptovirus was present in 94% of the monkeys. Lymphomas revealed expression of Bc12 in 15/16 (94%), c-Myc in 14/16 (88%), P21 in 10/ 16 (63%), P53 in 12/16 (75%), and Bc16 in 1/16 (6%) monkeys. This study provided evidence that the expression of these gene products, which are thought to play an important role in cell proliferation and apoptosis in HIV- and non-HIV-associated lymphomas, are also involved in the pathogenesis of lymphomas in SIV-infected rhesus monkeys. A tentative relationship between the described gene products and the cell death indices was established for the expression of Bc12. The present primate model represents a suitable animal model for studying the pathogenesis of AIDS-associated lymphomas.     

Ghrelin阳性细胞在食蟹猴消化系统中的分布定位

目的:研究ghrelin阳性细胞在食蟹猴消化系统中的分布定位。方法:采用免疫组化SABC法检测ghrelin免疫阳性细胞在食蟹猴消化系统中的分布部位、含量及细胞形态。结果:ghrelin免疫阳性细胞分布于食蟹猴的胃、十二指肠、空肠前段、空肠中段以及胰腺中,而在口腔黏膜、食管、空肠后端至直肠、肝脏中均无表达。结论:食蟹猴内ghrelin阳性细胞的分布与人和其他动物的分布基本相似,ghrelin在进化上具有保守性,物种间存在差异性。     

Mixed Thymoma in a Young Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

A mass with a diameter of 1.5 cm was found in the thymus of a 4-year and 3-month-old male cynomolgus monkey. Microscopically, the mass consisted of two different patterns of proliferation, dense or fascicular proliferation of elongated spindle cells in a sporadic storiform pattern and dense proliferation of thymic cortex-like lymphoid cells in which the multifocal pale nests resembling the thymic medulla were distributed. In these pale nests, large dendriform cells sometimes forming Hassall's corpuscles were present. The proliferating spindle cells were positive for cytokeratin. The lymphoid cells in the mass were positive for CD3. We concluded that the mass consisted of the neoplastic thymic epithelium with thymocytes proliferation containing medullary differentiation. The mass was diagnosed as a mixed thymoma according to the WHO classification of thymomas in humans. Mixed thymoma is characterized as a mixture of two types of proliferative lesions, spindle-shaped epithelial proliferation and a lymphocyte predominant lesion with or without medullary differentiation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning thymoma in monkeys.     

Experimental Toxocara canis infection in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

Visceral larva migrans was produced in 16 cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) experimentally inoculated with 45,000 embryonated eggs of Toxocara canis as a single bolus or in 3 divided doses. The hematologic and serologic changes were similar to those observed in children with visceral Toxocara infection. Neurologic signs developed in 3 animals and were characterized by ataxia and nystagmus. Growth rates were diminished in inoculated animals when compared with the rates in noninoculated controls. Diagnostic antibody titers as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were noted in all inoculated macaques by the 4th week, and these titers persisted during the 7-month period of observation. Antibody to Toxocara was not detected in the aqueous or vitreous humors. Lesions comprised severe granulomatous hepatitis and encephalomyelitis. Intraocular lesions associated with larval migration were not observed.     

出口食蟹猴志贺氏菌的分离和初步鉴定

我们在对出口食蟹猴进行检疫过程中分离出一株细菌。经细菌培养、形态学观察、生化特性和血清学检测初步鉴定为志贺氏菌属的福氏志贺氏菌。进行了该菌株的药敏试验，对氧氟沙星、环丙沙星和头孢噻肟敏感，而对常用药丁胺卡那霉素和庆大霉素产生耐药。     

Congenital cystic adenomatoid-like malformation in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) is a developmental lung abnormality characterized by abnormal proliferation of mesenchymal elements and failure of bronchiolar structures to mature, ultimately resulting in the compression of normal pulmonary tissue and mediastinal shift with rapid expansion of cysts. Although various clinical and pathologic studies of CCAM in humans exist, CCAM has yet to be reported in animals, even in nonhuman primates. In the present study, histopathologic analyses of a neonatal cynomolgus monkey that died 17 days after birth revealed that normal lung architecture was replaced by disorganized overgrowths of cysts lined with simple cuboidal epithelium. The epithelium projected a few ciliates into the air spaces and produced mucus. To our knowledge, this is the first case study describing CCAM or a CCAM-like lesion in nonhuman primates.