‘紫阳长茄’植株生长与果实发育动态研究

本试验以‘紫阳长茄’为试材,研究其定植后植株生长和果实发育动态。结果表明:定植后30～70d,株高一直快速增长,茎粗在定植后30～60d不断增长,门茄处最大功能叶面积在定植后30～40d快速增大,之后停止生长;果实横径、纵径均呈"慢-快-慢"的增长趋势,表现出较为典型的单S型生长曲线。坐果4d内,横径、纵径增长缓慢,坐果后4～10d,横径增长较快,而纵径在坐果后4～14d增长较快,坐果14～20d,横径、纵径增长相对较慢,坐果20d以后应及时采收商品果实。从总体上看,在茄子定植40d之前,植株处于快速营养生长期,之后转入营养生长与生殖生长平衡发展期,此时应加强肥水管理,促进果实生长发育。     

大棚葡萄果实发育规律研究

以大棚栽培的奥古斯特葡萄为试材,在葡萄果实生长发育期,每隔7d对葡萄果实的纵径、横径、体积、鲜重、干重进行测定,建立起相应的果实发育教学模型。结果表明：大棚栽培条件下,奥古斯特葡萄的纵径、横径、体积、鲜重发育动态均呈“慢－快－慢－快－慢”的曲线。     

“西林3号”核桃果实生长规律Logistic模型研究

以西北农林科技大学核桃板栗试验示范站栽培的"西林3号"核桃为材料,通过物候观测和果实生长动态测定,采用Logistic曲线对其果实生长动态测定值进行了拟合,并计算出果实生长的各个时间段。结果表明:"西林3号"核桃果实纵径、横径及线径生长量与其生长时间的关系均与Logistic模型高度吻合,确定系数R2分别为因变量的99.38%、99.42%和99.05%,回归方程统计检验均达极显著水平;果实纵径、横径及线径生长过程可划分为生长初期、快速生长期和稳定生长期3个阶段,为确定不同阶段核桃栽培管理措施提供了参考依据。     

旱砂西瓜果实生长发育数学模型研究

以自育旱砂西瓜品种05-9和05-10为试材,测量果实生长发育期间的纵径、横径和发育天数,建立旱砂西瓜果实的生长模型,明确其相互间的变化规律。结果表明:旱砂西瓜果实纵径、横径与发育天数之间存在明显的多项式回归关系,且其生长发育数学模型为二次方程。     

串枝红杏果实发育动态及品质的研究

系统分析了串枝红杏果实生长动态及发育过程中维生素C、有机酸、可溶性糖的变化规律.结果表明:串枝红杏果实的生长发育动态呈"快-慢-快-慢"的"双S"型曲线.整个发育期大致可分为4个时期:果实第1次迅速生长期,果实第1次缓慢生长期,果实第2次迅速生长期和果实成熟前缓慢生长期.果实第一次缓慢生长期与果实硬核期相吻合,果实第1、2次迅速生长期是果实增长的2个关键时期.果实纵、横、侧径与果实鲜重、体积的变化曲线十分相似,具有同步增长的趋势.维生素C含量在果实发育初期和成熟期较高,硬核期降低;有机酸含量的变化趋势以果实发育初期较高,硬核期降低,之后又有一次小高峰,成熟时降至最低;可溶性糖含量随果实的生长而增加.     

设施油桃果实生长发育模型研究

研究了设施栽培的中油4号桃的生长发育规律,测量果实生长发育期的纵、横径及干、鲜重等指标,建立相关的生长数学模型。结果表明:果实纵、横径和果实重量动态变化曲线均为双S形。果实发育期间存在两个快速生长期,第1个在谢花后3~5周,第2个在谢花后9周至成熟,两个时期是中油4号桃产量和品质形成的关键时期。果实横径、纵径、鲜重、干重与发育天数之间,鲜重、干重与果实横径、纵径发育之间存在明显的多项式回归关系,数学模型拟合为二次方程。     

6个龙眼品种(品系)果实生长发育观察及果实品质比较

以石硖、桂明一号、越南迟熟、杂交1-3、杂交2-7和桂龙晚龙眼为材料,研究6个龙眼品种(品系)果实生长发育规律和果实品质,了解6个龙眼品种(品系)在贵港市农业科学研究所的引种表现。结果表明:(1)从6个龙眼果实纵径生长变化曲线可以得出:石硖、桂明一号、越南迟熟、杂交2-7龙眼果实纵径变化呈现"快-慢-快-慢"的规律,而杂交1-3则为"慢-快-慢",桂龙晚果实纵径变化为"慢-快-慢-快"的规律;石硖、桂明一号、越南迟熟、杂交1-3和杂交2-7龙眼的果实横径基本保持平稳的增长速率,而桂龙晚果实横径变化呈现"慢-快-慢-快"的规律;(2)6个龙眼品种果实品质方面,桂明一号果实纵横经和单果重最大,其次是杂交2-7,再者是越南迟熟和桂龙晚,四个品种果实均比石硖龙眼大,杂交1-3果实最小;在可食率方面杂交2-7最高,桂明一号、石硖居中,其余品种均比石硖的可食率低,越南迟熟可食率最低;在可溶性固形物方面杂交1-3最高、其次是石硖和杂交2-7,其余品种的可容性固形物含量不相上下;成熟期最早的是石硖龙眼,其次是杂交1-3和杂交2-7,再次是越南迟熟和桂明一号,桂龙晚表现特晚熟。     

黔北地区两个梨品种果实生长发育规律的研究

对两个梨品种果实纵模径定期田间测定，绘制果实生长发育曲线。结果表明：两个梨品种果实纵、横径净生长量在整个生长过程中均出现三次生长高峰：1.金水二号第一二次生长高峰模径都比纵径提前到达，而第三次生长高峰纵径横均同时到达，6月下旬前纵径生长速度比横径稍慢，6月下旬以后纵径生长速度比横径销快；2.巴梨第一次生长高峰纵径和横径都同时到达，第二、三次生长高峰纵径都比横径提前到达。     

基于果粒体积和横径及纵径的“温克”葡萄果实生长发育规律分析

以"温克"葡萄为试材,在开花后第7天至果实成熟,通过果实纵横径、体积及净增长量数据分析了"温克"葡萄果实的生长发育规律。结果表明:"温克"葡萄果实纵径增长呈快-慢的单S型动态曲线变化,横径增长表现为双S型变化,开花后7~35d是"温克"葡萄果实纵横径净生长量增长最快的时期;果实体积增长曲线呈双S型,分别在果实生长期的前期(开花后7~28d)和后期(开花后105~119d)出现2次生长高峰。"温克"葡萄开花后7~35d其果实纵横径净生长量增长最快,开花35d后纵横径净生长量急剧下降;体积净生长量的2个高峰期分别出现在开花后7~28d和开花后105~119d。根据"温克"葡萄果实生长发育变化规律制定栽培管理技术措施,可挖掘"温克"葡萄优质丰产潜力。     

茎瘤芥瘤茎增长过程的研究

以茎瘤芥涪杂1号为试材,研究了瘤茎膨大后瘤茎性状的变化过程。结果表明:用Logistic方程y=k(1+e(a+bt)-1能很好地描述瘤茎纵径、横径、鲜样质量、干样质量的增长过程,而菜形指数的变化过程符合二次回归方程)y=a+b1t+b2t2。瘤茎纵径、横径、干样质量、鲜样质量线性增长始期分别出现在膨大后2.1-9.6d、17.8-19.7d、45.7～48.0d、46.0～50.5d,线性增长持续时间分别为61.6-78,1d、56.1～70.6d、32.9～34.8d、31.6～35.2d;增长高峰期出现在膨大后32.9-48.7d、45.8-55.0d、63.1～64.5d、63.5-66.3d,其最大增长速率分别高达每株每天0.17cm(纵径)、0.16cm(横径)、1.05g(Dw)、16.24g(Fw)。播种晚则瘤茎横径线性增长持续时间短,纵径、干鲜质量增长速率低,而菜形指数的变化由慢到快的递增演变为由快到慢的递减。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。