频谱复合音对幼龄豚鼠耳蜗电位的作用分析

研究在鼓阶或前庭阶记录由频谱复合音诱发的耳蜗电位，应用微机化生理药理实验教学系统，对幼龄豚鼠耳蜗的不同声音刺激予以记录分析。实验结果表明持续声短纯音诱发耳蜗电位CM与CAP重叠；而脉冲短声诱发耳蜗电位的CM与CAP分离。并对频谱复合音的振幅与微音电位(CM)、听神经复合电位(NI，N2)的关系进行了深入探讨，发现刺激频率的振幅Amp是负值时听神经复合电位Nl与N2随Amp的增加而降低。     

新型磺胺类截短侧耳素衍生物抑菌效果研究

为研究新型磺胺类截短侧耳素衍生物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌活性,采用纸片扩散法,用截短侧耳素和磺胺嘧啶作比较,通过测定抑菌圈大小进行判断。结果表明,新型磺胺类截短侧耳素衍生物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有抑制作用。     

白刺夜蛾防治指标的研究

研究白刺夜蛾幼虫的食量和防治指标。结果表明,幼虫可分为5龄,各龄幼虫的日食量依次为4.81、12.39、37.56、130.68和483.25mg/头,幼虫期总食量2453.58mg/头。根据食量测定,研制的防治指标为39.7头/m²,经济允许损失水平为12.5%。     

苍耳提取物对萝卜蚜和粘虫作用方式及解毒酶活性影响的研究

采用室内生测法,研究了苍耳3种溶剂(丙酮、乙醇、氯仿)提取物对萝卜蚜和粘虫的作用方式及苍耳氯仿提取物对两种试虫的3种解毒酶活性的影响。结果表明,苍耳氯仿提取物对萝卜蚜有很强的忌避作用,当浓度为0.05 g/mL,处理4 h,忌避率达94.25%,48 h忌避率为84.53%;其次是触杀作用,校正死亡率最高为67.24%,LC₅₀为0.7420 g/mL;内吸作用极弱。对粘虫主要表现为拒食和生长发育抑制作用,拒食校正死亡率最高达98.27%,AFC₅₀为0.1985 g/mL;72 h体重增长率为-5.85%,与对照差异极显著;胃毒和触杀毒力较弱,LC₅₀分别为0.8997和1.3070 g/mL。苍耳氯仿提取物对萝卜蚜和粘虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)有抑制作用,处理萝卜蚜24 h及处理粘虫4 h时,乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)抑制率最高,分别为37.55%和25.65%;对谷胱甘肽转移酶(GSTs)和多功能氧化酶(MFO)活力影响不明显。     

新兽药GnRH-A5肽的微核和染色体畸变试验

通过清洁级昆明种小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和染色体畸变试验，探讨了促性腺素释放素类似物5号（GnRH—A5）的致突变作用。研究结果表明，GnRH—A5试验组小鼠的微核率和染色体畸变率低于环磷酰胺对照组，差异显著（P〈0．05），与阴性对照组差异不显著（P〉0．05），说明GnRH—A5无致突变性。     

Monensin mode of action in the rumen

The ionophore monensin is used as a model to examine the modes of action important in manipulating rumen function. Several system modes of action probably result from the basic mode of action of the ionophore modifying the movement of ions across the membranes of rumen microbes. While there are many biological responses reported in the literature for monensin, they can be consolidated into seven categories or system modes of action. The modification of volatile fatty acid production is one widely recognized category of great importance. Modified feed intake should also be considered to be important. The third system mode of action, change in gas production, probably contributes only a limited savings in energy. Modified digestibilities are probably quite variable as a mode of action, but may be a significant factor. The change in protein utilization appears to result from several factors that are occurring simultaneously. Modification of rumen fill and rate of passage may be important in causing some of the previously mentioned system modes of action to occur. A seventh category inclusive of several monensin responses that are more indirect to the rumen, or sporadic in nature, is included. Increased animal production from the use of monensin appears to occur as a result of these several system modes of action, which probably act in concert. It is impossible to accurately assess a quantitative contribution of each of these categories at the present time.     

The anticomplementary effect of animal sera--a contribution to the precise definition of the complement-binding reaction

Photometric procedures (standardised complement fixation reaction) were used to determine the anticomplementary action of animal sera. Multiplication factors, K, of 3.0 to 5.0, related to human sera, were recorded and were found to be capable of reducing or offsetting anticomplementary serum action in CFR in terms of a definitive complement excess. Anticomplementary action of animal sera, for all practical purposes, does no longer apply to dilution ratios of 1:16. The complement excess necessary for titres of 1:4 and 1:8 should be precisely defined and can then be calculated in constant measures. Hence, titres of 1:8 may be rendered accessible to safe assessment. Titres of 1:4 will continue to be problematic. The following order of animal sera was defined in comparison to human sera: cattle, pigeon, duck, sheep, cat, turkey, swine, coypu, hen, dog.     

犬用复合麻醉剂QFM合剂组方的研究

试验根据平衡麻醉理论、犬的生理特点和药物的理化特性 ,将麻醉剂、镇痛剂、镇静剂、肌松剂及其他麻醉辅助药品经过预试验、正交试验、正交决定性验证试验、优化组合方剂对犬的麻醉效果试验和优化组合方剂的急性毒性试验进行了犬的平衡麻醉复合制剂组方的研究 ,筛选出最佳组合方剂 ,定名为QFM合剂。并进行了合剂的联合药物效应评价 ,证实合剂中各单药有着极强的互相增强的联合效应     

干扰素研究进展

干扰素具有广谱抗病毒、抗肿瘤的活性以及强大的免疫调节作用，现已成为病毒学、细胞学、分子生物学、临床医学、免疫学、肿瘤学等相关领域的研究热点。本文就干扰素基因结构、作用机理及其基因工程等方面研究进展作一综述。     

Conduction velocities and myelinated fiber diameter spectra of the infraorbital and palpebral nerves of the dog

Maximum conduction velocities of compound-action potentials of the infraorbital (ION) and palpebral (PN) nerves were determined by averaging potentials evoked and recorded through subcutaneous needle electrodes. The specificity of the stimulating and recording sites was verified by recording before and after cutting the nerves. Conduction times for orthodromically and antidromically conducted potentials of the ION were essentially the same. The unipolarly recorded antidromic compound-action potentials of the ION were of higher peak-to-peak amplitude and were more reliably recorded than were the bipolarly recorded orthodromic action potentials. Areas of cutaneous innervation were not found for the PN. Neuromuscular blockade eliminated the volume-conducted muscle action potentials that were recorded after PN stimulation, allowing triphasic nerve action potentials to be recorded unobscured. Mean conduction velocities were: ION = 83.9 +/- 3.5 m/s; PN = 56.4 +/- 2.8 m/s. Distributions of the external diameters of myelinated fibers within the ION and the PN were determined.     

乳酸杆菌的分离、鉴定及体外拮抗试验

本研究利用不同配方的培养基选择性分离、纯化不同生长营养需求的菌种,然后对所分离菌株作形态观察、生理生化鉴定,再用牛津杯法进行乳酸杆菌全菌液与上清液对大肠杆菌拮抗作用的对比试验。结果分别从鸡粪、牛粪、猪粪中分离、纯化出发酵乳杆菌、发状乳杆菌、木糖乳杆菌;乳酸杆菌培养上清液的拮抗作用大于全菌液;鸡源发酵乳杆菌对猪源大肠杆菌有较好的生物拮抗作用;猪源木糖乳杆菌及牛源发状乳杆菌对猪源大肠杆菌无生物拮抗作用。     

Inhibitory action of intravenously administered ammonium acetate on the motility of the rumen in sheep

Summary

The effect of 60 minutes’ intravenous infusions, before morning feeding, of ammonium acetate (18.6 micromole/min/kg of body weight) and ammonium acetate with propranolol (11 μg/min/kg of body weight) on the ruminal motility of sheep was examined. Ammonia has an adrenaline‐like action therefore propranolol, a beta‐receptor blocking agent, was administered in order to eliminate the possible effect of adrenaline on ruminal motility. The contractions of the dorsal sack of the rumen were registered by means of the balloon method, with the gauge inserted through the rumen fistula. The infusion of ammonium acetate caused an increase of the ammonia concentration in the blood to 0.6 mmolel/at the end of 60 minutes’ infusion. Already during the first 5 minutes of the intravenous infusion of ammonium acetate there was a decreased frequency of ruminal contractions, which was observed throughout the infusion. After the infusion there was a radical decrease of the concentration of ammonia in the blood, and at the same time an increase in the frequency of rumen contraction was observed.

Blocking of the beta‐adrenergic receptors by propranolol did not eliminate the inhibiting action of ammonium ion on rumen motility. The infusion of the ammonium acetate caused an increase of adrenaline and glucose concentration. This response was eliminated by propranolol in the case of adrenaline but not glucose. It is assumed that the action of ammonium ion on the rumen motility is derived primarily by the central nervous system.     

Interaction between atracurium and suxamethonium in the dog

The depolarising muscle relaxant suxamethonium (0.3 mg kg-1) and the non-depolarising relaxant atracurium (0.6 mg kg-1) were administered to four dogs. In the first series of experiments atracurium was administered, followed at 50 per cent return of neuromuscular activity by suxamethonium. At 50 per cent return of activity atropine and neostigmine were administered to reverse the block. In the second series of experiments the sequence was reversed and atracurium was administered after suxamethonium. At 50 per cent recovery atropine and neostigmine were given. In the first series of experiments it was demonstrated that the prior administration of atracurium reduced the duration of action of suxamethonium. However, in the second series it was shown that the prior administration of suxamethonium had no significant effect on the duration of action of atracurium.     

Histological studies on the hypothalamic adenohypophyseal-gonadal system after mestranol and chlormadinone acetate administration in fattening bulls]

Seventy-six young steers were examined to elucidate the action of the steroid oestrogen Mestranol and the gestagen chloromadinone acetate upon the morphology of hypothalamus, adenohypophysis, testes, and accessory sexual glands. The doses used were those applicable also to real animal husbandry. The mechanisms of action of the above pharmaceutical products are discussed against the background of the experimental results. No pathological alteration was observed that might prohibit application of the tested sexual steroids to young steers.     

牛抵抗素多克隆抗体的制备及ELISA检测方法的建立

用纯化的可溶性重组牛抵抗素蛋白免疫健康家兔,制备了多克隆抗体,并对多克隆抗体进行了纯化、效价测定、特异性检测,初步建立了检测牛抵抗素的间接ELISA方法。     

Electrocardiographic functional diagnosis of the vegitative nervous system in cattle. 2. Determination of the propranolol blockade effect on cardiac beta-receptors under application of maximum isoprenaline doses]

The blocking effects of 50 mg and 100 mg of propanolol, a beta-receptor blocker, upon the beta-adrenergic receptors of cattle heart were verified by means of 250 microgram of isoprenaline, a maximum dose. The 50-mg-propanolol dose inhibited between 77 and 80 per cent of the isoprenaline-caused QT reduction, whic action was considered as being sufficiently safe to rule out any beta-adrenergic cardiac effect. Blockade was further increased to the order of between 89 and 92 per cent by using 100 mg of propanolol, but certain side-effects occurred (expiratory dyspnoe, quinidinlike action in terms of PQ extension, and vagovasal collapse). Therefore, 50 mg of propanolol are recommended as the proper dosage with which to examine cardiac and extracardiac beta-adrenergic receptors in cattle. Application of propanolol to non-anaesthetised, nonatropinised cattle resulted in higher bloackade of isoprenaline-caused QT reduction, as compared to the parameters PQ, TP, TQ, time of cardiac action, PP, and momentary heart rate. This phenomenon is being analysed. With reference being made to the peculiarities of sympathico-parasympathetic interactions on the heart, QT time is considered as a more safe parameter by which to assess substrate competition between propanolol and isoprenaline at cardiac beta-receptors, while the ventriculodiastolic ECG recordings TQ, TP, and PQ as well as time of cardiac action, PP and momentary heart rate might come under a somewhat stronger influence of the parasympathetic system.     

犬泻清口服液抗腹泻的机理

实验结果表明犬泻清具有一定程度的体外抑菌作用,在小鼠体内能减低由蓖麻油或番泻叶引起的腹泻次数,并能抑制胃肠的推进作用,作者认为这些抑菌作用、抗炎作用以及抑制胃肠道推进作用可能就是此种药物作用的主要机制     

桑毛虫性信息素研究——Ⅱ.桑毛虫成虫的生物学特性

本文报道桑毛虫成虫的生物学特性,特别对成虫的交配习性作了较详细的描述.成虫在羽化后的1—7天内都有交配能力,其中以羽化次日晚的交配率为最高,羽化当天交配率偏低.其原因主要与成虫的性成熟程度有关.凌晨3:00—4:00是成虫性活跃的高峰时间,亦是雌雄交配的盛期.而傍晚前后的活动则与交配无关.雄成虫有多次交配习性,交配次数0—3次.雌蛾则多为一次交配,很少交配两次的.在雌雄成虫比例相当或雌少雄多时,其交配率均相仿.成虫从羽化到交配产卵约需1—2天.     

The evaluation of the role of CCK in the opioid modulation of the motility of the gastrointestinal tract in sheep

The participation of central cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) receptors in the modulatory effect of D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol enkephalin (DAGO), a selective mu-opioid receptor agonist, on the spike burst activity of the gastrointestinal tract (rumen, reticulum, antrum, duodenum, colon and caecum) in sheep was investigated. DAGO was infused intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) at doses of 0.1-1 microg/kg body weight (BW). It was shown that DAGO significantly inhibited myoelectrical activity of the wall of the forestomachs, abomasum and colon but stimulated this activity in the duodenum (rate of myoelectrical migrant complex-MMC). The effects of DAGO were prevented by CCK-8 antagonists (L-364.718 and L-365.260) previously infused at doses of 5-20 microg/kg BW. The results of this present study indicate that central receptors of CCK-8 participated in the modulatory action of an opioid on myoelectrical activity of the gastrointestinal tract in sheep. Furthermore, this result suggests that CCK-8 is released in response to mu-receptor stimulation, because CCK-8 antagonists (L-364.718 and L-365.260) prevented the modulatory action of DAGO on the gastrointestinal motility in sheep.     

蛹虫草药效研究进展

蛹虫草作为一种药(食)用菌已经被广泛接受,在药理作用和有效成分等方面得到了广泛而深入的研究,具有重要的开发价值.笔者综述了近几年来蛹虫草药效方面的研究进展.