新型甘蓝型油菜核不育材料绵7AB-4-2农艺性状鉴定及分子检测(英文)

[Objective] The study was to investigate the agronomic traits and breeding characteristics of genic male sterile material Mian 7AB-4-2 in Brassica napus. [Method] The differences in agronomic traits and polymorphisms in SSR markers, between the genic male sterile material Mian 7AB-4-2 in Brassica napus and its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 were investigated by hybridization and molecular identification; and the percentage of sterile individuals of Mian 7AB-4-2 and of the hybrids with its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 from test cross and back cross were also studied. [Result] Mian 7AB-4-2 was not significantly different in agronomic traits from its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 at 0.05 probability level. The percentages of sterile individuals in the pollinated fertile Mian 7AB-4-2 plants were over 60%, and that in its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 was about 25%. In test crosses with other nine sterile lines, Mian 7AB-4-1 kept the percentage of sterile individuals of sterile lines over 90%, and the percentage of sterile individuals from back cross over 80%. With regard to molecular markers, Mian 7AB-4-2 and its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 were different in the band number from SSR primers a2 and E10. [Conclusion] The results indicate that Mian 7AB-4-2 is helpful for rapeseed breeding, quickening the application of new materials in field breeding.     

Male Sterile Lines of Zinnia elegans and Their Cytological Observations

In order to find out a new pathway for utilizing heterosis of Zinnia elegans and accelerate breeding process, the mechanism of anther development of a male sterile line was explored. Backcross, sibmating, selling of fertile plants and testcross with inbred lines were analyzed and identified in the field, and cytology was observed. Recessive nucleus male sterile line AH209AB capable of being a maintainer was obtained by successive backcrosses with male sterile plants and fertile F1 plants as male parents. Cytological and anatomical studies indicated that： （1） The wall of normal anther was constituted of four layers of cells such as epidermis, powder chamber wall, middle level and tapetum cells. The process in meiosis of pollen mother cell in Zinnia elegans was normal and cytoplasm divided simultanously. Mature pollen grain was tricellular type. （2） The petal of male sterile plant degraded as a thread-like structure, the stamens were villiform in appearance and no pollens were formed. The result showed that the anther of male sterile plant no longer proceed to differentiate spore mother cell and the pollen sac after the formation of the tissue of sporogenous cells, there was no evident boundary between tapetum cell, middle lamella and inner wall of PMC, tapetal cells did not develop from the very beginning. So the abortion type was completely structural male sterility. The male sterile line belongs to non-sporange male sterile type and is of great use in F1 seeds production.     

Development of Japonica Male Sterile Lines Integrating Cytoplasmic Male Sterility and Photosensitive Genic Male Sterility

Acknowledgement It has been previously established that the BT type of cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） is induced by high temperatures, while photosensitive genic male sterility （PGMS） seed sets by low temperatures induce. In the current study, we have bred photosensitive cytoplasmic male sterility （PCMS） lines （2308SA and 2310SA） by crossing the CMS line with the PGMS japonica line with maintainer genes. The sterility of PCMS japonica was consequently controlled by two groups of male sterile genes resulting from the integration of PGMS and CMS genes. The results on plant fertility, at different sowing times, were as follows： （a） Under conditions of natural long-day photoperiod and at temperatures above 35~C, the PGMS gene regulated PCMS japonica sterility - the higher the temperature, the lower the pollen fertility. However, bagged seed sets of PCMS japonica, not exposed to high temperatures, induced the CMS seed set. （b） Exposure to long-day photoperiod and temperature conditions between 35℃ and the critical sterility inducing temperature of PGMS resulted in both PGMS and CMS gene controlled sterility of PCMS japonica, which exhibited stable characteristics. （c） When exposed to critical sterility inducing temperatures or short-day photoperiod and daily high temperatures below 32℃, the BT type of the CMS gene regulated PCMS sterility. Under these conditions, the PGMS gene rendered male sterility insusceptible to occasional cool summer days when this PCMS line, adopted for hybrid seed production, develops into panicle differentiation stage. The present study also investigated the fertility restoration, seed production and combining ability of PCMS japonica so as to optimize its use.     

Approaches for Preventing the Male Sterility Fluctuation of Photo- thermo- sensitive Genic Male Sterile Lines in Rice

The male sterility fluctuation of photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile[P(T) GMS] lines induced by low air temperature is a key problem troubling the application of two-line system hybrid rice. The paper suggests to solve this problem by the breeding approaches, i. e, de-veloping low sterile critical temperauare P(T)GMS lines, herbicide resistant restorer lines, herbi-cide sensitive P(T)GMS lines and tetracycline- conditioned P(T)GMS lines to ensure the hybrid purity; and by the hybrid seed production techniques, i. e, taking the correct procedure of foun-dation seed production, the suitable district and season for hybrid seed production and the deep ir-rigation method against cold weather in high summer.     

新育成反向核不育水稻FHS开花习性观察(英文)

[Objective] This study was to use reverse genic male sterile FHS better in field production. [Method] Low energy nitrogen ion beam was taken as a mutation source to conduct mutagenic treatment for indica rice 99-02 and the mutant FHS with special fertility that was isolated from their offspring. Some characteristics such as flowering habit and stigma exsertion rate of FHS were observed in this experiment. [Result] The reverse genic sterile rice FHS had an obvious peak flowering stage from 10:00 to 10:30, while the second peak flowering was from August 5 to August 10. Compared with PA64S, FHS flowered early and its flowering time was concentrated, showing that it is for seed propagation. The stigma exsertion rate of FHS was 85.8% and low exsertion rate was good for the purity of seed. [Conclusion] The reverse genic sterile rice FHS had good value in use, besides, it could also be used as comparison material for studying fertility alternation mechanism of photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice.     

Development of marker Ms2 gene with a blue seed in durum and common wheat

In order to marker dominant nuclear gene Ms2 with a blue grain, a 4E disomic addition line ＇xiaoyanlanli＇（2n=44, AABBDD＋4EII） as the male parent to pollinate with male-sterile plants of durum wheat, controlled by a dominant nuclear gene Ms2, and a durum wheat line 89-2343 with Ms2 and blue seed marker on the same addition chromosome was developed. The genotype 89-2343 was crossed and backcrossed with a common wheat genotype 7739-3 to produce male fertile plants with blue seeds （MFP-BS）. To combine the blue seed marker, dwarf male-sterile plants carrying RhtlO and Ms2 were fertilized by pollen from selected MFP-BS. At last, the combination of blue seed marker, Ms2 and RhtlO was successfully produced. The segregation ratio of male sterility, seed color as well as chromosome configurations of the combinations suggested that the blue seed marker, Ms2 and RhtlO were located on the same chromosome. Cytological analysis indicated that the male sterile wheat line with a blue seed marker was 43 in chromosome number, with an additional chromosome. The transmission rate for blue seed male-sterile plants was 22.1% in common. In addition, the potential value for blue marker sterile lines in wheat breeding and hybrid production is discussed.     

Characterization and fine mapping of RTMS10, a semi-dominant reverse thermo-sensitive genic male sterile locus in rice

The discovery and application of environment-sensitive genic male sterile(EGMS) rice germplasm provide an easy method for hybrid rice breeding and have made great contributions to hybrid rice production. Typically, the photoperiod-and thermosensitive GMS(P/TGMS) lines utilized in two-line hybrid systems are male sterile under long day or/and high temperature but fertile under short day or/and low temperature conditions. However, Yannong S(Yn S), a reverse TGMS(rTGMS) line, is sterile under low t...     

Abortive Process of a Novel Rapeseed Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Line Derived from Somatic Hybrids Between Brassica napus and Sinapis alba

Somatic hybridization is performed to obtain significant cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） lines, whose CMS genes are derived either from the transfer of sterile genes from the mitochondrial genome of donor parent to the counterpart of receptor or production of new sterile genes caused by mitochondrial genome recombination of the biparent during protoplast fusion. In this study, a novel male sterile line, SaNa-IA, was obtained from the somatic hybridization between Brassica napus and Sinapis alba. The normal anther development of the maintainer line, SaNa-IB, and the abortive process of SaNa-IA were described through phenotypic observations and microtome sections. The floral organ of the sterile line SaNa-IA was sterile with a shortened filament and deflated anther. No detectable pollen grains were found on the surface of the sterile anthers. Semi-thin sections indicated that SaNa-IA aborted in the pollen mother cell （PMC） stage when vacuolization of the tapetum and PMCs began. The tapetum radically elongated and became highly vacuolated, occupying the entire locule together with the vacuolated microspores. Therefore, SaNa-IA is different from other CMS lines, such as ogu CMS, pol CMS and nap CMS as shown by the abortive process of the anther.     

Plant Temperature for Sterile Alteration of a Temperature-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice, Peiai64S

The forecast of sterile alteration for the temperature-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） line in two-line hybrid rice seed production was traditionally based on screen temperature determined by weather station. The article put forward a new approach based on plant temperature, which was more exact and direct than the traditional method. The result of the simulation of the self-seeded setting rate of a widely used TGMS line, Peiai64S, by several temperature parameters and durations, showed that the fertility was directly affected by the plant temperature at a height of 20 cm or the air temperature around it in three days duration. Using the stem temperature of three days at a height of 20 cm as the simulation parameter, the fertility of Peiai64S had the maximum, minimum and optimum temperatures as 22.8, 21.7 and 22.5℃, respectively, whereas 23.2, 21.5 and 21.8℃ when using the air temperature of three days around the height of 20 cm as the parameter. Such temperature indices can be used to conclude the sterile alteration of TGMS for safeguarding seed production of twoline hybrid rice. The article also established a statistic model to conclude plant temperature by water temperatures at inflow and outflow, and air temperature and cloudage from weather station.     

Application of Molecular Markers Linking to Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Loci to Assist Maintainer Line Selection and Their Selection Efficiency in Welsh Onion （Allium fistulosum L.）

Cytoplasmic male sterility exists widely in most natural populations of welsh onion （Alliumfistulosum L.）, which makes it possible to breed out many male sterile lines for heterosis utilization. Unfortunately, the breeding of cytoplasmic male sterility in welsh onion has a little progress due to the limitation of its biological characteristic and traditional selection approach. To study the feasibility and the efficiency of utilizing marker assisted selection for male sterile lines in welsh onion, one SCAR marker, SCS13, and one RAPD marker, S2002400, which could distinguish between N and S cytoplasm in several welsh onion cultivars, were identified. The two markers were then confirmed by Southern blotting, and used to screen the N or S cytoplasm of individual plants in seven welsh onion cultivars in this study. Male sterile and fertile plants were evaluated by aceto-carmine dying. The frequency of N-cytoplasmic plants and maintainer genotype was calculated in the seven open populations of welsh onion. The minimum number of plants needed to identify a maintainer was evaluated to be 95% reliable. Results showed that 20 to 80% decrease of crosses and self-crosses for identifying a maintainer genotype could be achieved by the marker-assisted selection compared with traditional selection method. It was proved that the molecular markers could precisely identify cytoplasmic types individually, performed by one generation of cross and two generations of testcrosses and self-crosses. Finally, several maintainer genotype plants were selected with the help of the two markers in the seven cultivars. The screened markers could assist and accelerate sterile and maintainer lines selection with less labor and cost.     

基于体细胞组织培养的甘蓝型油菜核三系保持系绵7MB-1亲本繁殖与F1制种

1材料与方法 1．1材料 核三系临保系：绵7MB-1;核两系不育系：绵7AB-4—1;恢复系：绵恢9613及品93-496（引自四川省农业科学院）。诱导培养基：B5＋谷氨酰胺2mg／L＋水解乳蛋白50mg／L＋6-BA2mg／L＋2T 1mg／L。增殖培养基：MS＋6-BA 1 mg／L＋NAA 0．1mg／L。     

新型甘蓝型油菜核不育材料绵7AB-4-2农艺性状鉴定及分子检测

四川省绵阳市农科所1991年用甘蓝型油菜双高隐性核不育系绵1AB-1作母本,品872—161—134作父本进行转育,F2代出现不育株进行成对兄妹交,经多代选择,培育出隐性核不育系绵7AB-4（双低）。以其不育系的不育性状为选择目标,从中分离纯化出2个农艺性状无明显差异、育性不同的株系,分别定为绵7AB-4-1和绵7AB-4-2,前者兄妹交和可育株自交的不育率分别为50％和25％,后者分别达到80％和60％。笔者对新材料绵7AB-4-2与其姊妹系绵7AB-4—1的农艺性状和SSR引物多态性进行研究,为其进行分子标记、克隆及进一步利用奠定基础。     

甘蓝型油菜雄性不育突变体S 1A的等位性分析

对甘蓝型油菜核不育材料S1A进行遗传分析,以核不育两用系S1AB,S45AB,15AB,117AB互相杂交,结果表明,S1A核不育受隐性基因控制,S45A,15A,117A核不育基因等位,但S1A与S45A,15A,117A核不育基因不等位,S1A可能是1个新的隐性核不育突变体。     

双低甘蓝型油菜新型核不育系绵7AB-4的遗传研究Ⅰ.育性表现的初步研究

利用甘×白杂交F2产生的核不育株,培育出了双低甘蓝型油菜新型核不育系绵7AB-4。该不育系不育率高达70%～90%,不育性彻底而稳定,不受环境条件影响,其恢复源广泛,已培育出高产杂交组合绵油12号。本文对该不育系在育性遗传上的特性进行了初步研究,并对其利用方法与途径进行了讨论。     

甘蓝型油菜核不育系绵9AB-1不育性的遗传规律研究及初步应用

研究表明,绵9AB-1的育性受核内两对重复隐性基因控制,该不育系不育性稳定、彻底、恢复源广,但其不育率只能达到50%,作者就可能的解决途径进行了讨论。利用该不育系选育的绵油11号丰产性、适应性表现突出。     

“双低两高”油菜隐性核不育两型系2519AB的选育研究

利用引进的四川隐性核不育品系101-007AB中分离的不育株作母本,自选的双低、高含油量、高配合力的自交系自2519作父本,采用杂交、连续4代回交、自交育性分离、株系内兄妹交转育成新的双低、高含油量、高配合力隐性核不育两型系2519AB。2519AB具有低芥酸(1.41%)、低硫甙(17.59μmol/g)、高含油量(43.77%)、高配合力等优良性状,恢复源广,较易配制出强优势的杂交组合,具有较好的开发应用前景。     

甘蓝型油菜隐性上位互作核不育系9012A与6AB和S45AB遗传对比

研究结果表明：（１）甘蓝型油菜核不育系９０１２Ａ与显性上位互作核不育６ＡＢ在恢复关系上明显不同,是不同于显性上位互作核不育的一种新的互作核不育类型。其育性受２对隐性重叠不育基因与一对隐性上位抑制基因互作控制。（２）控制９０１２Ａ和Ｓ４５Ａ的不育基因是非等位的,在甘蓝型油菜中存在至少２套隐性重叠不育基因。进一步的研究显示隐性上位基因与隐性重叠不育基因之间的互作可能是非专一性的。这对现有双隐性核不育杂种优势利用具有重要的意义。     

油菜显性核不育应用研究初报

利用显性核不育材料（杂合型6CA,纯合型6AB）进行广泛的测交试验,从中筛选出临保系和恢复系,以现有的双低品种为回交父本,将双高核不育材料转育成双低核不育系,并已配制出了双低杂交种,以两型系6AB中可育株为父本经过连续回交,已将核不育基因导入了细胞质雄性不育系中,创建了细胞核和细胞质雄性不育系。     

油青四九菜心细胞核不育系转育研究

[目的]探索油青四九菜心细胞核不育系的转育。[方法]以法45抗热大白菜不育系为不育源,通过常规杂交转育得到油青四九菜心细胞核不育系、新甲型两用系和临时保持系。[结果]用可育品系与雄性不育系中不育株和甲型两用系中不育株杂交,以及新甲型两用系中可育株正反交,测定15个菜心可育品系基因型均为MsfMsf。按雄性不育系杂交转育方案,育成了大白菜细胞质油青四九菜心的新甲型两用系,雄性不育系和临时保持系。按照回交转育方案,完成了大白菜细胞质和菜心细胞质4个世代雄性不育系的转育,其后代雄蕊育性分离比例完全符合回交转育模式。[结论]在雄性不育系的转育过程中,注意同型株的选择,会有很好的转育效果。