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1.
Masaya Toyokawa Akio Shimizu Katashi Sugimoto Kou Nishiuchi Toru Yasuda 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(1):55-62
To determine the reproductive season of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai, we investigated gonadal maturity in specimens collected from the East China Sea, Korea Strait, Wakasa Bay, and the Shonai Coast of Yamagata Prefecture. After the sex of the samples was determined, the long axis of at least 256 oocytes from each female was measured. In specimens collected from the coast of Japan in 2005 and in 2006, all gonads were sufficiently developed to determine sex. However, 18 of the 20 specimens from the East China Sea collected in July 2005 were immature, and sex could not be determined. The maximum and third quartile of oocyte length had a significant correlation with days elapsed from 30 June, but they were not related to bell diameter. Observations of gonad tissue sections of specimens collected in Wakasa Bay in 2006 confirmed that oocyte length was a good proxy for female maturity. Male maturity could also be determined. In conclusion, the sex of all of the small-sized medusae collected along the coast of Japan was determinable, and their gonads were at various stages of development up to fully mature. Therefore, the occurrence of small-sized jellyfish during the autumn in Wakasa Bay is not caused by recruitment of young population from the nearby coast. 相似文献
2.
为了解双频识别声纳(DIDSON)在近海海域大型水母沙海蜇(Nemopilema nomurai)监测中的效果, 本研究于 2017 年 7 月、8 月通过 DIDSON 的走航观测对辽东湾近海伞径 16~81 cm (7 月份平均伞径 33.01 cm±13.17 cm, 8 月份平均伞径 57.03 cm±13.44 cm)的大型水母沙海蜇开展丰度和垂直分布的监测调查, 并同步结合传统网具调查, 以验证和比对 DIDSON 观测在大型水母沙海蜇监测中的效果。调查结果显示: DIDSON 观测影像可直观显示沙海蜇的数量及其在水层中的位置。7 月份 3 个调查断面声纳观测的沙海蜇丰度分别是 6.13 ind/1000 m3、6.71 ind/1000 m3、 7.93 ind/1000 m3, 平均丰度为(6.92±0.75) ind/1000 m3。8 月份 3 个调查断面声纳观测的沙海蜇丰度分别是 1.41 ind/1000 m3、 1.23 ind/1000 m3、0.55 ind/1000 m3,平均丰度为(1.07±0.37) ind/1000 m3。比对锚流网调查沙海蜇的丰度, 7 月份和 8 月份 DIDSON 监测的沙海蜇平均丰度分别是网具调查的 4.89 倍和 3.95 倍。声纳观测影像显示沙海蜇主要栖息在调查海域中上层水域(1.1~10 m), 底层水域沙海蜇出现的少。比起传统的网具调查, DIDSON 更加精准的监测调查到调查海区沙海蜇的丰度, 并观测到沙海蜇的垂直分布, 证明双频识别声纳可以适用于浅海大型水母沙海蜇的监测调查工作。研究结果表明, DIDSON 观测可以扩展大型水母沙海蜇监测的内容, 在对其行为学的观测上具有较大的优势。通过延长 DIDSON 走航式观测时间, 扩大 DIDSON 探测范围, 并结合传统网具, 可以更加精准的开展沙海蜇数量的监测。 相似文献
3.
Fanomezantsoa Randriarilala Toshihide Kitakado Daisuke Shiode Masayuki Sakaguchi Toshifumi Hayashi Tadashi Tokai 《Fisheries Science》2014,80(2):261-271
Information on the distribution and bloom scale of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai is necessary to understand the impact on fisheries. In October 2009, we had an opportunity for visual counting of N. nomurai around Japan from a research/training vessel. To take into account possibly severe missed detection of N. nomurai in the close vicinity of the vessel, detection functions were modified by introducing an additional parameter δ expressing the proportion of detectable N. nomurai within a threshold perpendicular distance. Some covariate effects in the detection process were also investigated. The δ-modified hazard-rate detection function with δ variation parameter of jellyfish body size was chosen as the best-fit one by AIC model selection. The results suggested that a higher proportion (>30 % or more) of N. nomurai were undetected in the vicinity of vessel. The δ-modified model had an advantage of no loss of left-truncated data and provided better estimation of density with the smaller coefficient of variation than the conventional left truncation approach. It is applicable to other line transect surveys, e.g. aerial surveys. High densities of N. nomurai were found in the central part of the Sea of Japan and off Iwate Prefecture. 相似文献
4.
针对每年春季在大型水母资源量初期调查工作中沙蜇与海蜇晚期碟状体(1~2 cm)阶段较难区分的现象,通过实验室培养观察,首次对沙蜇和海蛰晚期碟状体的形态特征进行了详细比较,总结了二者的主要差异:沙蜇的生殖腺下腔较饱满,腔内空间较大,而海蜇的腔内空间较小,每个腔内外两侧边缘弧度相近,腔与腔之间的距离较大。沙蜇的胃腔内垂直排列着两列胃丝,长胃丝分别由4个生殖腺下腔内向胃腔壁下方的中央口延伸,而海蜇的胃丝分别分布在4个生殖腺下腔内,胃腔内壁上没有或仅有少量的胃丝。当处于紧缩状态时,沙蜇的口腕呈倒圆锥形,小触指分布错综复杂,而海蜇的口腕呈圆柱形,小触指有序地收缩在口腕柱内。 相似文献
5.
辽宁沿海海蜇与沙海蜇遗传多样性的AFLP分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
海蜇和沙海蛰均为腔肠动物门的大型食用水母,采用AFLP分子标记技术对辽宁沿海的海蜇野生群体、养殖群体和沙海蜇野生群体共90个个体进行了遗传多样性分析.10对引物共得到560个稳定扩增位点.3个群体的多态性位点比例为海蜇野生群体82.05%.海蜇养殖群体78.46%,沙海蜇野生群体74.10%;平均杂合度分别为0.2072,0.1850和0.2116,Shannon多样性指数分别为0.3248、0.2954和0.3262,海蜇野生群体与海蜇养殖群体和沙海蜇野生群体的遗传距离分别为0.0300和0.2702.分析结果表明,3个群体的遗传多样性均保持了相对较高的水平. 相似文献
6.
利用2013年和2014年的6~7月共6个航次在长江口近海对沙海蜇(Nemopilema nomurai)开展的定点调查和生物学测定数据,对该海域沙海蜇的数量分布和生长特征进行了研究。结果表明:春末夏初,沙海蜇幼体首先出现在长江冲淡水控制势力较弱的江苏省中南部近岸和长江口北部外海水域;随着水温回升,逐渐向长江冲淡水控制势力较强的海域和黄海冷水团控制的南黄海中央深水海域扩散,吕四近岸的出现率呈现降低的趋势,而外海出现率持续保持在高水平;7月下旬,随着沙海蜇伞径达到高峰值,在长江口及邻近海域呈现全面暴发的趋势。根据生长速度和出现率,把沙海蜇的生长分为3个阶段:发生初期,时间为6月上旬,出现率较低,个体较小;快速生长期,时间为6月中旬至7月上旬,出现率逐渐升高,生长速度前期较快,后期略有降低;暴发期,时间为7月中旬至7月下旬,出现率和伞径均达到最大值,生长速度呈现持续降低趋势。监测夏季长江口近海沙海蜇的数量分布和生长特征,对于预测当年伏季休渔后东黄海的沙海蜇暴发和对渔业生产预警具有重要的意义。 相似文献
7.
依据渔业统计资料和渔业资源监测数据,对海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)和沙海蜇(Nemopilema nomurai)两种大型食用水母的利用状况进行了分析,并对沙海蜇的年间数量变动趋势进行了研究和评估。结果表明:20世纪80年代中期和90年代末期为海蜇的产量高峰期,1998年产量最高达43×104t,21世纪以来出现持续下降趋势,近年来的年产量在20×104t左右。随着近年来沙海蜇的持续爆发,该种类也成为主要的食用水母。根据近5年的监测结果,沙海蜇的年捕捞产量波动范围(11.03~55.22)×104t,年平均产量28.63×104t,呈现持续增加的趋势;东海区的年产量维持在10×104t左右;黄渤海的年产量持续增加,2013年已达40×104t以上。评估结果显示,2013年中国海域的沙海蜇资源量为266.75×104t。目前,大型食用水母利用的主体已经由海蜇转变为沙海蜇,沙海蜇的利用水平为其资源量的1/5左右,有加大开发利用的潜力。针对海蜇资源衰退和沙海蜇资源量较大的现实,今后应该继续加强海蜇的增殖放流工作,加大捕捞外海沙海蜇的强度,继续加强食用水母的资源监测工作。 相似文献
8.
东、黄海沙海蜇暴发对游泳动物群落结构的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用2009年秋季在东海北部和黄海南部调查的数据,研究了沙海蜇(Nemopilema nomurai)暴发对游泳动物种类组成、资源密度、多样性和生物个体的影响。结果表明:沙海蜇暴发海域游泳动物总种类数为58种,其中鱼类、甲壳类、头足类种类数分别为38、11、9种;沙海蜇非暴发海域游泳动物总种类数为65种,其中鱼类、甲壳类、头足类种类数分别为43、16、6种。其它各项多样性指数也均表现为暴发海域低于非暴发海域。沙海蜇暴发海域的游泳动物重量CPUE、尾数CPUE和平均体重分别为155.13 kg·h-1、3 733 ind·h-1和41.56 g;非暴发海域的游泳动物重量CPUE、尾数CPUE和平均体重分别为408.69 kg·h-1、12 723 ind·h-1和32.12 g。重量CPUE和尾数CPUE均表现为暴发海域显著低于非暴发海域,平均体重则表现为暴发海域大于非暴发海域。在两类海域的6个共同优势种中,暴发海域优势种的IRI、重量CPUE和尾数CPUE均显著低于非暴发海域。除小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)外,其它5种共同优势种的平均体重均是暴发海域大于非暴发海域。鱼类和甲壳类对于沙海蛰的暴发较为敏感,头足类对于沙海蛰暴发的敏感性相对较低。生物学测定数据表明,沙海蜇暴发海域的带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus)个体大于非暴发海域(P0.05),而两类海域的小黄鱼个体大小则没有显著性差异(P0.05),表明小黄鱼对于沙海蜇暴发海域的环境适应性强于带鱼。沙海蛰暴发和非暴发海域游泳动物群落和个体等方面的差异性与生物对灾害环境的回避和适应性具有直接的关系。 相似文献
9.
A species of giant jellyfish, Nemopilema nomurai, which has appeared only recently in the East China Sea, is an emerging nuisance in the northeastern region of Asia because
of its extensive damage to fisheries. Until now, the biomass estimates of these jellyfish have mainly been obtained using
trawl sampling and sighting survey methods. However, it is also necessary to determine the origin and diurnal migration patterns
of these jellyfish. Drawbacks of the trawl sampling method are that it is effective only in estimating the density of jellyfish
population distributed throughout the entire water column and requires considerable time. Another common analysis technique
is the sighting method, which is effective only in the estimation of he density of jellyfish distributed in surface areas.
The sighting method can determine distributions over wide areas in a short time. This method has limitations in investigating
the vertical distribution and swimming behavior of jellyfishes. In our study, we utilized an echo sounding method extensively
and effectively to overcome these limitations. Our method involved the use of a scientific echo sounder, acoustic camera,
and conductivity-temperature-depth instrument during the drifting of a research vessel at various stations in the Yellow Sea.
The acoustical method of particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) was used to analyze the swimming speed according to the vertical
distribution of N. nomurai jellyfish. Results of the scientific echo sounder indicated that the jellyfish were mainly present in the water column from
the surface up to a depth of 40 m. The mean swimming speed of the jellyfish was estimated as being 0.6 times the bell size
(BS), with a tendency to maintain a certain speed. Further, results of a Monte Carlo simulation showed that the swimming speed
was in the range of 0.46–0.89 BS. These results might be used as an index in a migration model, which may be useful to forecast
the behavior and origin of the giant jellyfish entering inshore areas on a massive scale in northeastern Asia. 相似文献
10.
The swimming depths of 12 individual Nemopilema nomurai with bell diameters of 0.8–1.6 m were investigated using pop-up archival transmitting tags and ultrasonic pingers, and the
validity of the research method was evaluated. The N. nomurai studied frequently showed vertical movement, with the swimming depth ranging from 0 to 176 m, The mean swimming depths of
most individuals were less than 40 m. The swimming depths of N. nomurai in the northern Japan Sea in the winter were mostly deeper than those of this species in the southern Japan Sea in the autumn.
This result suggests that the range of the depths almost depends on the vertical structure of the ocean. Swimming depths during
the nighttime were significantly deeper than those during the daytime. More specifically, during the daytime, the swimming
depths in the afternoon tended to be shallower than those in the morning, while during the nighttime, the swimming depths
after midnight were deeper than those before midnight. 相似文献
11.
秋季东海北部和黄海南部沙海蜇资源分布及其与底层温盐度的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据2006~2009年秋季在东海北部和黄海南部对沙海蜇(Nemopilema nomurai)和温盐度的同步监测数据,对秋季沙海蜇的资源分布特点及其和底层温盐度的关系进行了研究。结果表明:秋季东海北部和黄海南部沙海蜇的高生物分布区主要集中在以下3个海域:(1)南黄海西侧浅水海域;(2)南黄海中央深水区(32°30'N~34°00'N、123°00'E~124°30'E);(3)大沙和长江口外海水域。前2个高生物量分布区某些年份会连成一片,第二个高生物量区基本上每年都会出现,第三个高生物量区某些年份可能不会出现。结合底层温盐度的分布特征,可以看出:沙海蜇高生物量区主要出现在黄海冷水团的前缘或冷暖水团的交汇处,且在冷暖水团的交汇处,更易形成高生物量聚集。而在暖水团控制的海域内,其生物量较低,在垂直分布上,沙海蜇可能主要活动区域在30 m以深的水温相对较低(低于15℃)且变化幅度较小、盐度处于中盐水平(32.0~33.5)的水体内。 相似文献
12.
夏初辽东湾海蜇放流区大型水母和主要浮游动物 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据2005~2007年6月上旬和7月上旬在辽东湾海蜇放流区进行的大型水母调查及同期进行的浮游生物调查数据,分析了该区域大型水母及浮游动物的数量分布特点以及海区中浮游动物的生态类型和优势种,并且试图寻找浮游动物的数量分布与大型水母的数量分布的关系。结果表明,浮游动物的优势种为小型桡足类及桡足类幼体:双刺纺锤水蚤Acartia bifilosa、小拟哲水蚤Pa-racalanus parvus、强额拟哲水蚤Paracalanus crassirostris、桡足类幼体、无节幼体。大型水母主要有:海蜇Rhopilema esculentum、沙蜇Nemopilema nomurai、白色霞水母Cyanea nozakii。大型水母的高密集区往往位于浮游动物高丰度区的附近。 相似文献
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Thawatchai Ngamsiri Masamichi Nakajima Srijanya Sukmanomon Naruepon Sukumasavin Wongphatom Kamonrat Uthairat Na-Nakorn Nobuhiko Taniguchi 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(4):792-799
The Mekong giant catfish Pangasianodon gigas is endemic to the Mekong River and is a critically endangered species. The genotypes of the microsatellite DNA (msDNA) and
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers (right domain of the control region) were detected to evaluate the present status of genetic
divergence of this species from the Mekong River in Thailand and Cambodia. The observed and expected heterozygosity values
of Mekong giant catfish in Thailand and Cambodia were relatively low in comparison with those of other nonendangered freshwater
fish species. These two populations from Thailand and Cambodia showed similar levels of genetic diversity, as evaluated by
the 384 nucleotides of the mtDNA control region with 13 haplotypes. The pairwise F
ST value between the two populations based on the genotype frequencies of msDNA and mtDNA markers suggested a close genetic
relationship between the populations in Thailand and Cambodia. The results of this study support the conclusion that the Mekong
giant catfish is critically endangered. Care should be taken to sustain the genetic diversity of this species, as the level
of genetic variability has already decreased in the wild population. This species is a target species for an ongoing stock
enhancement program in the Mekong River in Thailand. It is proposed to apply these markers for proper broodstock management,
such as for minimal kinship selective breeding in the hatchery. 相似文献
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F Scholz E Fringuelli M Bolton‐Warberg M Marcos‐López S Mitchell P Prodhol D Moffet P Savage S Murphy O'Sullivan I O′Connor E McCarthy H D Rodger 《Journal of fish diseases》2017,40(6):757-771
A microsporidian species with 98.3–98.4% nucleotide identity to Tetramicra brevifilum (Journal of Fish Diseases, 3 , 1980, 495) was diagnosed in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus, L.) broodstock held at a breeding and rearing facility in western Ireland. The fish were wild‐caught from the west coast of Ireland, and the first case was diagnosed one year after capture. Clinical signs included severe bloating, lethargy, exophthalmos, anorexia, white patches on the cornea and externally visible parasitic cysts on skin and fins. Necropsy revealed severe ascites, white nodules and vacuoles in all the internal organs and partial liquefaction of the skeletal muscle. On histological examination, microsporidian xenomas were observed in all internal organs, the skin, skeletal muscle, gills and the eyes. The microsporidian species was identified by molecular analysis and transmission electron microscopy. This is the first record of T. brevifilum infecting lumpfish, and the disease is considered to be of potential significance to the rising aquaculture industry of this species. 相似文献
19.
First detection of Edwardsiella ictaluri (Proteobacteria: Enterobacteriaceae) in wild Australian catfish 下载免费PDF全文
E Kelly P A J Martin S Gibson‐Kueh D L Morgan B C Ebner J Donaldson N Buller D A Crook S Brooks A M Davis M P Hammer L Foyle S Hair A J Lymbery 《Journal of fish diseases》2018,41(2):199-208
The bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri is considered to be one of the most significant pathogens of farmed catfish in the United States of America and has also caused mortalities in farmed and wild fishes in many other parts of the world. E. ictaluri is not believed to be present in wild fish populations in Australia, although it has previously been detected in imported ornamental fishes held in quarantine facilities. In an attempt to confirm freedom from the bacterium in Australian native fishes, we undertook a risk‐based survey of wild catfishes from 15 sites across northern Australia. E. ictaluri was detected by selective culturing, followed by DNA testing, in Wet Tropics tandan (Tandanus tropicanus) from the Tully River, at a prevalence of 0.40 (95% CI 0.21–0.61). The bacterium was not found in fishes sampled from any of the other 14 sites. This is the first report of E. ictaluri in wild fishes in Australia. 相似文献
20.
First record of epizootic ulcerative syndrome from the Upper Congo catchment: An outbreak in the Bangweulu swamps,Zambia 下载免费PDF全文
C F Huchzermeyer K D A Huchzermeyer K W Christison B M Macey P A Colly B M Hang'ombe M M Songe 《Journal of fish diseases》2018,41(1):87-94
We report on the first outbreak of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) amongst wild fish populations in the Bangweulu swamps, an inland delta, in the north of Zambia during 2014. The area supports a large and diverse fish fauna related to, but distinct from, that of the Zambezi River system where EUS outbreaks have occurred since 2006. A sizeable artisanal fishery, based on extensive fish weirs, is sustained by the annual flooding of the swamps, and observations of the disease outbreak by fishermen were recorded. Signs typical of infection with Aphanomyces invadans were observed in a number of species. Clinical observations, histology and molecular diagnostic methods were used to confirm infection with A. invadans in two of the most commonly and severely affected species. Several features of the wetland may have contributed to the outbreak and the annual recurrence of the disease. Modes by which the disease may have been introduced into the swamps are discussed. The outbreak is of great significance as the Bangweulu swamps drain into the Congo River in neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo, Africa's largest drainage system with an extensive and diverse fish fauna previously unaffected by EUS. 相似文献