冷环境中解偶联蛋白对动物体温的调节作用

解偶联蛋白属线粒体内膜栽体蛋白,存在动物体的棕色脂肪组织(brown adiposetissue,BAT)、白色脂肪组织(white adipose tissue,WAT)、骨胳肌以及各种器官中.这些组织器官是哺乳动物及禽类非颤抖产热(NST)及其它产热作用的主要点位,对动物的体温维持乖能量平衡调节起重要作用.     

雄激素与脂肪代谢关系的研究进展

目前有关脂肪代谢分子机制是人和畜禽研究热点之一,雄激素是影响脂肪代谢的重要因素,但其作用机制尚不清楚。脂肪组织是合成代谢雄激素的重要场所,雄激素对脂肪细胞的作用非常复杂,在不同性别、年龄、部位对脂肪组织作用结果不同。雄激素能够与AR结合直接或间接影响脂肪细胞的增殖分化、脂解和胰岛素敏感度等引起机体脂肪组织分布发生改变。本文分析了雄激素对脂肪组织代谢的影响及其分子机制研究性状,旨在为研究人类肥胖、雄激素过量或缺乏病和畜禽肉品质改善与机体脂肪代谢奠定理论基础。     

棕色脂肪组织的生理功能及影响因素

棕色脂肪组织是哺乳动物体内非颤栗产热的主要来源,对于维持动物的体温和能量平衡起重要作用,对幼龄哺乳动物尤为重要。文中阐述了棕色脂肪组织的产热机制,介绍了影响棕色脂肪细胞的分化、决定棕色脂肪组织生理功能的关键因素解偶联蛋白和PPARγ的辅助激活因子PGC-1α,讨论了影响棕色脂肪组织功能的因素。棕色脂肪组织生理功能和影响因素的研究,对扩大动物生态位和提高动物对环境骤然变化的适应能力以及提高幼畜的成活率十分重要。     

肿瘤坏死因子α对脂代谢和能量平衡的调节作用

TNF-α在肥胖型动物和人脂肪组织中超量表达,对脂代谢具有重要的调节作用.近来发现,TNF-α通过降低LPL活性、对Glut4表达的下调作用、诱导瘦蛋白的表达和引起胰岛素抗性及产热作用来调节脂代谢和能量平衡.     

脂肪组织细胞因子研究进展

文中综合国内外资料,论述了几种重要的脂肪细胞因子瘦素(Leptin)、脂联素(Adiponectin)、抵抗素(Resistin)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)的最新进展。脂肪组织细胞因子是脂肪细胞分泌的一系列生物活性蛋白,其对机体脂肪组织代谢信号的传导和整合,维持机体能量的平衡具有重要作用。通过对脂肪细胞因子的研究可以开发各种增强剂或抑制剂,通过上调或下调相关的脂肪细胞因子,实现对脂肪组织代谢的定向调控,可为畜禽的优质、高效生产服务。     

阿勒泰羊羔羊MSTN mRNA表达的发育性变化

肌肉生长抑制素（MSTN）是一种骨骼肌生长发育的负调控因子.试验以不同生长阶段的阿勒泰羊羔羊为研究对象,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定了肌肉和脂肪组织中MSTN mRNA相对表达量.比较该基因在不同月龄阿勒泰羊羔羊肌肉和脂肪组织中的表达差异.结果表明：阿勒泰羊0～6月龄羔羊MSTN mRNA在肌肉和脂肪组织中均有表达.4月龄羔羊MSTN mRNA表达量在肌肉中最高,0～4月龄的表达量逐渐上升,4～6月龄逐渐下降.6月龄羔羊脂肪中的MSTN mRNA表达量最高.不同月龄阶段阿勒泰羊羔羊肌肉和脂肪MSTN mRNA表达量存在差异,这些差异可能会影响其生长发育和产肉性能等指标,这对进一步理解MSTN基因的调控作用奠定了基础.     

2.脂肪酸跨膜转运载体蛋白-FATP、FAT/CD36和FABPpm研究进展

脂肪组织是机体的主要组成成分,对维持动物机体的生理功能具有重要意义.动物的脂肪组织主要沉积在皮下、腹腔内脏周围以及肌肉、肝脏等组织器官内.     

microRNA调控动物皮下脂肪组织和肌内脂肪沉积的研究进展

脂肪组织是动物机体重要的能量代谢及内分泌器官,选择性的脂肪沉积对动物肉类的感官品质、风味性和加工特性具有至关重要的作用,因此动物不同部位脂肪沉积的特异性调控因子及其作用分子机理备受研究者的关注。microRNA（miRNA）是一类长度为22 nt左右的非编码小RNA,近年来采用组学技术对具有表型差异的脂肪组织和脂肪细胞进行高通量测序,筛选发现了许多差异表达的miRNAs,这些miRNAs可通过与靶基因mRNA相结合发挥生物学功能,对不同部位脂肪沉积调控具有重要作用。鉴于此,本文将从miRNA在动物皮下脂肪组织和肌内脂肪的调控作用等方面进行综述,为后续研究miRNA调控动物脂肪组织沉积的作用及机制提供理论参考和新的思路。     

脂肪组织的内分泌功能及其与肌肉组织间的分子信号联系

脂肪组织不仅是机体储存能量的主要场所,还是一个活跃的内分泌器官；骨骼肌同样也具有分泌活性物质的功能,能表达、合成和分泌多种生物信号分子.这些活性因子与许多重要的生理、病理过程有密切的关系.对脂肪组织的内分泌功能及其与肌肉组织间的分子信号联系进行了综述.     

解偶联蛋白与动物的冷适应

动物的脂肪组织为棕色脂肪组织(brow n ad ipose tissue,BAT)和白色脂肪组织(w h ite ad ipose tissue,W AT)。棕色脂肪组织中含有大量线粒体,是哺乳动物非颤抖产热的主要器官,对动物的体温控制和能量平衡调节起重要作用,位于线粒体内膜的解偶联蛋白(uncoup ling prote in,UCP)的含量和活性是决定其功能的关键因素。作者综述了UCP的结构、UCP基因的多态性及其与肥胖的关系、影响UCPmRNA表达的因素,并对UCP进行了讨论与展望。     

Effects of dietary energy level on lipid metabolism‐related gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue of Yellow breed × Simmental cattle

This study was conducted to estimate the effect of dietary energy level on lipid metabolism‐related gene expression of subcutaneous adipose tissue in Yellow breed × Simmental cattle. The experiment was conducted for 60 days. The results showed that final weight, average daily gain, average backfat thickness, (testicles + kidney + pelvic) fat percentage and subcutaneous fat percentage in the high and medium energy groups were significantly higher than in the low‐energy group but that the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower. The glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein and low‐density lipoprotein in the high‐energy group were significantly higher than in the low‐energy group. With dietary energy increasing the activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) significantly increased, whereas hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1 (CPT‐1) significantly diminished. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), LPL, FAS, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP‐1), ACC, stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) and adipocyte‐fatty acid binding proteins (A‐FABP) gene expression were significantly increased by dietary energy increasing, and HSL and CPT‐1 gene expression were significantly decreased. These results indicated that with dietary energy increasing, the subcutaneous fat accumulation mainly increased due to adipose tissue lipogenic gene expression and decreased lipolytic gene expression.     

Copper and lipid metabolism in beef cattle: a review

Results from experiments investigating Cu metabolism in ruminants indicate that Cu is involved in lipid metabolism. Copper supplementation ranging from 10 to 40 mg of Cu/kg of DM to high-concentrate finishing diets decreased subcutaneous adipose tissue deposition and decreased cholesterol concentrations but increased unsaturated fatty acid composition of LM. Serum norepinephrine tended to be greater in Cu-supplemented steers after a 24-h feed withdrawal and at 2 h postfeed consumption, potentially explaining the reduction in subcutaneous adipose tissue deposition. However, when exogenous norepinephrine was administrated, serum NEFA concentrations were less in Cu-supplemented steers, possibly due to the nonsupplemented control steers having a greater subcutaneous adipose tissue depth at slaughter relative to Cu-supplemented steers. Furthermore, in vitro basal and epinephrine-stimulated lipolytic rates of subcutaneous adipose tissue were greater in Cu-supplemented steers relative to controls. These data indicate that that Cu may influence lipogenic or lipolytic function in subcutaneous adipose tissue. In an attempt to further investigate the effect of Cu on lipid metabolism, lipogenic, lipolytic, and homeostatic mechanisms related to Cu are currently being studied. Recent data indicate that genes involved in bovine liver Cu homeostasis are correlated with Cu transporter protein gene expression in the bovine liver. Therefore, the overall intent of this review is to discuss possible mechanisms whereby Cu may affect lipid metabolism in ruminants.     

生长动物脂肪代谢关键酶基因表达调控

动物体内脂肪组织合成与分解代谢的调控主要是通过调控脂肪代谢关键酶的含量和活性来进行的。关键酶的基因表达水平决定了酶蛋白的多寡和活性的高低。本文对脂肪代谢中的脂肪酸合成酶（ＦＡＳ）、乙酰辅酶 Ａ羧化酶（ＡＣＣ）、激素敏感酯酶（ＨＳＬ）、脂蛋白酯酶（ＬＰＬ）的活性及其相应的基因表达水平影响脂肪代谢的研究进展进行综述。     

Expression Changes of FNDC5 in Adipose Tissue During Aging Process in Mice

In order to investigate the expression changes of type Ⅲ fibronectin domain contains protein 5 (FNDC5) in adipose tissue of mice during aging process,healthy mice at different developmental stages were used as research objects.In this experiment,HE staining,immunohistochemical staining,Real-time PCR and Western blotting techniques were used to study the expression and localization of FNDC5 in adipose tissue during aging process.The results showed that FNDC5 was expressed to varying degrees in the fats of all developmental stages in the aging process of mice and showed significant differences.HE staining showed that with age,the size of fat cells gradually increased and then shrank.Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression level of FNDC5 in adipose tissue of young mice was the highest,followed by that of sexual mature adipose tissue,and that of aged adipose tissue was lower than that of sexual maturation,and the expression level of FNDC5 was the lowest in mature adipose tissue of young mice.Subsequent Real-time PCR and Western blotting results were also consistent with immunohistochemical staining trends.The above results indicated that the FNDC5 gene might play a certain role in adipose tissue,which would provide new ideas for the study of fat metabolism and obesity-related diseases.     

FNDC5在小鼠老龄化过程脂肪组织中的表达变化

本研究旨在探讨Ⅲ型纤连蛋白域包含蛋白5（type Ⅲ fibronectin domain contains protein 5,FNDC5）在小鼠老龄化过程中脂肪组织中的表达变化,以小鼠老龄化过程中不同发育阶段的健康小鼠为研究对象,通过HE染色、免疫组织化学染色、实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting等技术研究小鼠老龄化过程中脂肪组织FNDC5的表达以及定位。结果发现,FNDC5在小鼠老龄化过程中各个发育时期的脂肪中均有不同程度的表达并呈现明显的差异性。HE染色发现,随着年龄的增长,脂肪细胞的大小呈现先逐渐增大后萎缩的趋势。免疫组织化学染色发现,FNDC5在幼年小鼠的脂肪组织中表达水平最高,在性成熟的脂肪组织中表达水平次之,老年的脂肪组织中的表达水平低于性成熟时期,体成熟的脂肪组织中表达水平最低。实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting检测结果也与免疫组织化学染色趋势相符。以上结果表明,FNDC5基因可能在脂肪组织中发挥一定的作用,为研究脂肪代谢以及肥胖相关的疾病提供新思路。     

动物解耦联蛋白基因的同源性分析及对能量代谢的作用

文中分析比较11种物种解耦联蛋白(UCPs)基因核苷酸序列同源性,综述了UCPs产热机制和UCPs基因在脂肪和肌肉组织中的表达调控。为深入开展UCPs对能量代谢调控方面的研究奠定基础。