Synthesis and insecticidal/acaricidal activity of novel 3‐(2,4,6‐trisubstituted phenyl)uracil derivatives

A series of novel 3‐(2,4,6‐trisubstituted phenyl)uracil derivatives has been synthesised and assayed for insecticidal/acaricidal activity. The assay indicated certain requirements for optimal insecticidal activity, which can be summarised as follows: (a) the substituents on the phenyl ring should possess hydrophobicity and electron‐withdrawing properties, and the sum of their volumes determines the level of activity; (b) the substituent at the 6‐position on the uracil ring should also possess electron‐withdrawing properties and hydrophobicity, together with the correct volume; (c) the 1‐position on the uracil ring should be unsubstituted for activity against Nephotettix cincticeps and Epilachna vigintioctopunctata, but substituents with length C3 to C4 may be optimal for activity against Tetranychus urticae; (d) certain substituents at the 5‐position of the uracil ring give activity against E vigintioctopunctata and T urticae, but not against N cincticeps; (e) a thiocarbonyl group at the 2‐position of the uracil ring is less effective than a carbonyl group. Of the compounds assayed, 3‐(2,6‐dichloro‐4‐trifluoromethylphenyl)‐6‐trifluoromethyluracil showed high activity against all the species assayed. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationships for the Fungicidal Activity of O,O-bisaryl sec-butylphosphonates

Sixteen O,O-bisaryl sec-butylphosphonates have been synthesised by condensing sec-butylphosphonyl dichloride with substituted phenols. The compounds were tested against two phytopathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia bataticola and Helminthosporium oryzae. The most active compound against R. bataticola is O,O-bis(3-methylphenyl) sec-butylphosphonate (ED₅₀ 29·56 mg litre^-1) and against H. oryzae, O,O-bis(2-chlorophenyl) sec-butylphosphonate and its para-chloro analogue (ED₅₀ 0·14 and 0·13 mg litre^-1 respectively). Quantitative structure–activity relationships on the fungicidal activity have been analysed by means of multiple regression analysis using physicochemical substituent parameters. Electronic parameters viz., σ and F have expressed significant variability in fungitoxicity against both the fungi, viz. R. bataticola and H. oryzae. Hydrophobic and steric parameters are also found to be important in the correlation studies. © 1997 SCI.     

The Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of 2-Substituted 1-Azol-1-ylmethyl-6-arylidenecyclohexanols

A number of substituted 2,2-dimethyl-6-arylidene-1-triazol-1-ylmethylcyclohexanols and 2,2-dimethyl-6-arylidene-1-imidazol-1-ylmethylcyclohexanols were prepared from 2-methylcyclohexanone in four steps: Claisen–Schmidt condensation with substituted benzaldehydes, methylation of the resulting 2-methyl-6-benzylidenecyclohexanones, conversion to the oxiranes by interaction with dimethylsulfonium methylide and reaction of the oxiranes with triazole or imidazole. The compounds obtained were tested for antifungal activity against five phytopathogenic fungi of different taxonomic classes. EC₅₀ values were determined for all compounds. Structure–activity relationships are discussed in broad terms. Some of triazolymethyl-substituted cyclohexanols obtained are more active than triadimenol. © 1997 SCI.     

N-烃氧羰基-2-噻唑烷酮衍生物的合成及其杀菌活性

为了寻求新的杀菌先导化合物,通过2-噻唑烷酮与氯甲酸酯的缩合反应得到11个N-烃氧羰基-2-噻唑烷酮衍生物( 5a ~5k), 其中10个为新化合物,其结构均经1H NMR、MS、IR和元素分析表征。初步离体杀菌实验结果表明,大多数化合物较之母体2-噻唑烷酮具有更高的杀菌活性。在浓度为2 000 mg/L下,化合物 5c、5d、5e、5f、5g、5h、5i、5j 对油菜菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum的抑制率为100%, 5i 对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea、柑桔青霉病菌Penicillium italicum和油菜菌核病菌的抑制率均为100%。     

N-(4,6-二取代嘧啶-2-基)苯甲酰胺类化合物的合成与杀菌活性

为了寻找高效、安全的杀菌活性化合物,设计并合成了8个N-(4,6-二取代嘧啶-2-基)苯甲酰胺类化合物,其化学结构经1H NMR、IR、LC/MS和元素分析确证。 初步生物活性测定结果表明,该类化合物具有一定的杀菌活性,当浓度为25 mg/L时,化合物 4g 对稻瘟病菌Pyricularia oryzae的抑制率达85.1％,化合物 4f 对小麦赤霉病菌Gibberella zeae的抑制率达92.9％。     

N-(芳基磺酰氨基乙基)-1,6-己内酰胺的合成及杀菌活性

以环己酮为原料,合成了9个结构新颖的N-(芳基磺酰氨基乙基)-1,6-己内酰胺( 3 ),其结构均经IR、1H NMR、13C NMR和元素分析确证。初步的生物活性测定结果表明,部分化合物对供试的6种病原真菌具有一定的杀菌活性,其中 3a、3b、3d和3g 对番茄叶霉病菌的抑制活性与对照药剂百菌清相当,抑制率大于90％。     

N-(5-芳基-1,3,4-嗯二唑-2-基)-N''-α-萘乙酰基硫脲的合成及杀菌活性

从α-萘乙酸出发,合成酰基异硫氰酸酯,然后与2-氨基-5-芳基-1,3,4-嗯二唑反应合成了8个新的酰基硫脲类化合物 Ⅱa~Ⅱh 。所有化合物的结构均经元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和质谱确认。同时对6种病原菌进行了生物活性测试,结果发现,在50 mg/L下,所有目标化合物对黄瓜灰霉病菌Botrytis cinereapers的抑制效果较好,除 Ⅱa 外,其他化合物抑制率都达到80%以上。     

Synthesis and antifungal activity of 2‐azetidinonyl‐5‐(2‐benzoylphenoxy)methyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles against seed‐borne pathogens of Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn

BACKGROUND: Finger millet is a major food crop as well as feed and fodder for livestock, especially in regions of southern India. A sturdy crop to fluctuating environmental conditions, it can be cultivated in all seasons of the year. Leaf, neck and finger blast caused by Pyricularia grisea Sacc. and Bipolaris setariae (Saw.) Shoem, as well as leaf spot disease, Bipolaris nodulosa (Berk & M.A.Curtis) Shoem, are major production constraints in southern India. Apart from environmental conditions, the use of harvested seeds by farmers is a major reason for disease prevalence. Benzophenone analogues have been investigated for controlling phytopathogenic fungi. In addition, the most important applications of azetidin‐2‐ones are as antibiotics. Based on this information, the present study was conducted to explore the antifungal activity of integrated 2‐azetidinonyl and 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles moieties into a benzophenone framework. RESULTS: A simple high‐yielding method for the integration of heterocyclic rings, namely 2‐azetidinonyl, at the benzophenone nucleus has been achieved, starting from substituted 2‐hydroxybenzophenones under mild conditions on a wet solid surface using microwave irradiation. In the present study, an array of newly synthesised compounds, 2‐azetidinonyl‐5‐(2‐benzoylphenoxy)methyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles, were screened for their antifungal property against blast and leaf spot causing fungi associated with the seeds of finger millet, cv. Indof‐9. CONCLUSION: Two of the newly synthesised compounds showed promising effects in depleting the incidence of seed‐borne pathogenic fungi of finger millet. The suppression of Pyricularia grisea and Bipolaris setariae resulted in enhanced seed germination and seedling growth. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Differential efficacy of three commonly used pyrethroids against laboratory and field‐collected larvae and adults of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and significance for pyrethroid resistance management

BACKGROUND: Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) pyrethroid resistance monitoring programs typically utilize cypermethrin in the adult vial test. Here we investigated if differences in insect growth stage and pyrethroid structure affect resistance ratios and discuss implications for pyrethroid resistance management. RESULTS: Vial bioassays with cypermethrin, esfenvalerate and bifenthrin were conducted on H. zea third instars and male moths from a susceptible laboratory colony and the F1 generation of a pyrethroid‐resistant field population. In the susceptible population, both growth stages were most sensitive to bifenthrin and adults were more sensitive to esfenvalerate than cypermethrin. LC₅₀ resistance ratios for the larvae and adults of the resistant population were approximately two times higher for bifenthrin than cypermethrin or esfenvalerate. CONCLUSION: For the resistant population, vial assays using either growth stage gave similar resistance ratios for each of the three pyrethroids, respectively, proving the adult vial test accurately reflects larval resistance. However, as resistance ratios varied considerably depending on the pyrethroid used, resistance ratio values obtained with one pyrethroid may not be predictive of resistance ratios for other pyrethroids. Our results suggest that carefully chosen pyrethroid structures diagnostic for specific mechanisms of resistance could improve regional monitoring programs. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry