莲藕棒孢霉叶斑病病原鉴定及其生物学特性测定

对海南省海口市桂林洋莲藕田的莲藕植株上发生的一种新病害莲藕棒孢霉叶斑病的病原进行了鉴定,并对病原菌进行了生物学特性测定。研究结果表明:该病原菌为山扁豆生棒孢[Corynespora cassiicola (Berk.&Curst.) Wei];病原菌菌丝生长的适宜条件为温度25～30℃,pH 6～9,碳源为无水葡萄糖或D-木糖,氮源为牛肉膏或大豆蛋白胨;最适生长条件为温度28℃,pH 7,碳源为无水葡萄糖,氮源为牛肉膏。光照对该病原菌的影响不大。     

荷花ISSR—PCR反应体系的建立及优化

以荷花叶片提取的基因组DNA为材料,通过对影响ISSR—PCR扩增效果的一些因素,如dNTPs浓度、Mg2＋浓度、TαDNA聚合酶用量、引物用量、模板DNA用量以及退火温度等进行筛选和优化,确立了可用于荷花ISSR—PCR分析的最适宜的PCR反应体系：20μL PCR反应体积含O．4mmol·L-1 dNTPs、3．5mmol·L-1Mg2＋、1．5U TαqDNA聚合酶、0．4μmol·μL-1引物、3ng模板DNA。PCR扩增程序为：94℃预变性2min,94oC变性30s,54．5℃退火30s,72℃延伸1min,45个循环,最后72℃延伸7min,置4℃保存。应用该ISSR体系对6份荷花种质进行了扩增,证实了该体系的适用性和稳定性。     

蓖麻叶水提取液对花生根结线虫的防治作用研究

通过应用不同浓度的蓖麻叶水提取液对花生根结线虫防治作用的研究,结果表明,蓖麻叶水提取液对花生根结线虫二龄幼虫和卵的孵化均有明显防治作用。蓖麻叶水提取液浓度为100g/L处理48h,花生根结线虫校正死亡率为81．25％,致死中浓度（LD50）为25．96g/L。蓖麻叶水提取液25g/L时处理10d对卵孵化抑制率达59．86％。     

高多糖含量植物--莲DNA的提取方法

提出一种适用于莲等高多糖含量植物叶片组织的DNA提取方法.用CTAB-free 缓冲液对叶片组织匀浆洗涤后再进行DNA提取,可有效克服多糖等次生代谢物质对提取的干扰,所得DNA的分子量达49kb,OD260/OD280比值为1.87±0.06,产率为230～320μg/(g*鲜重),可用于RAPD分析.     

Inhibition of Three Diabetes-Related Enzymes by Procyanidins from Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) Seedpods

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - The inhibitory effects of procyanidins from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) seedpods on the activities of α-amylase, α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine...     

5个椰子品种植株叶片解剖结构的观察

采用石蜡切片技术,对5个椰子品种的成年植株叶片进行观察和比较.结果表明:各品种叶片的基本组成相同,但叶片各组成部分的厚度存在差异,其中栅栏组织厚度和叶片厚度的差异灵敏度较高,在总次数为10次的多重比较中,差异极显著次数分别为7次和6次.结合供试材料的田间抗寒性观察发现,抗寒性最强的海南本地高种具有最厚的栅栏组织和叶片,抗寒性最弱的文椰4号的栅栏组织和叶片厚度最小.因此,叶片的栅栏组织厚度和叶片厚度可能从一定程度上反映了椰子品种的抗寒性,可以作为抗寒指标.     

刚果12号桉叶片水抽提物对4种植物幼苗生长的影响

采用盆栽法研究了刚果12号桉叶片水抽提物在水分胁迫（水渍与干旱）和养分缺乏与丰足的环境条件下对4种植物生长的影响。结果表明，植物种类与盆栽基质的肥力是影响植物幼苗生长的关键因素，而桉叶水抽提物与土壤水分对植物幼苗的生长虽有影响，但与前二相比作用较小。因此，在退化的桉树人工林地重建林下植被，首先应选择耐瘠薄、耐旱性强和对化感作用不敏感的植物，如柱花草等豆科植物，既能自身固氮，又能通过循环增加土壤养分，当然应该注意豆科与禾本科搭配。结果还表明，在逆境条件下，桉树的化感作用会增强，并与其它因素互相作用，抑制林下植被生长。     

Effects of processing on protein nutritive quality of coconut Cocos nucifera products

Pared, comminuted and blanched coconut meat was freeze-dried at25 ^°C for 24 hours and pulverized. Whole coconut meal wassolvent extracted with n-hexane to yield a defatted meal while full-fatcoconut protein concentrate (FFC-PC) containing 27.60% protein wasprepared by alkali extraction of undefatted meal followed by isoelectricprecipitation. Defatted coconut meal had a significantly (p 0.05)lower crude fat but higher protein content than whole coconut meal.Similarly, FFC-PC had a significantly (p 0.05) higher proteinbut lower carbohydrate content than whole coconut meal and defattedcoconut meal. Whole coconut meal, defatted coconut meal and FFC-PChad PERs of 1.98, 2.18 and 2.48 respectively, with NPRs of 2.86, 3.28and 3.92, respectively. Protein digestibility values of 88.75%, 89.30%and 94.02% were obtained for whole coconut meal, defatted coconutmeal and full-fat coconut protein concentrate, respectively. Growthresponse of animals showed that FPC-PC was superior to all other testdiets.     

罗布麻茎叶粗提物及脱胶纤维的抑菌活性分析

文章研究了罗布麻茎叶粗提物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和黄曲霉的抑菌活性和最小抑菌浓度,并定性分析了脱胶后的罗布麻纤维对上述类型微生物的抑制效果。结果表明,罗布麻茎叶粗提物对黄曲霉和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果较为明显,对大肠杆菌抑制效果稍差,其中,罗布白麻和罗布红麻对黄曲霉菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为5、7.5 mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌最小抑菌浓度均为7.5 mg/mL,而对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为10、15 mg/mL;定性分析发现,经脱胶后的罗布麻纤维仍对细菌类的金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌具有一定的抑制作用,但对霉菌类的黄曲霉无明显抑制作用。     

烤烟上部叶遮荫处理对田问小气候及烟叶质量的影响

为探明遮荫处理对烟叶生产的影响,2012年在湖南省邵阳市烟田中部叶采收后,对烟株上部叶进行人工遮荫处理,结果表明,晴天14：00,普通白色棉纱布遮荫处理,田间光照强度降低45666 Lux,温度降低2.8℃,消除了高温逼熟现象,改善了上部叶的田间成熟度。通过人工遮荫,烤后烟叶的上等烟比例提高3.56%,烟叶质量得到改善。     

聚糠萘合剂对玉米叶片衰老及产量的影响

以中单808为试验材料,结合不同氮肥水平,研究了聚糠萘合剂(PKN)对玉米形态及产量的影响。结果表明：PKN处理不同程度地降低了株高和穗位高,显著增加了玉米灌浆期至成熟期的叶面积指数和叶绿素含量,延缓了玉米后期叶片衰老;在不施氮肥和氮肥过高时,PKN处理促使干物质由营养器官向子粒转运。从穗部性状来看, PKN处理增加了穗行数和百粒重,产量也较对照提高。     

Heated Leaf Extract of Coriandrum sativum L. Protects Nigral Dopaminergic Degeneration in Rats

Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander), which is an annual herb of the Apiaceae family, has been traditionally used as a remedy. Here we tested whether heated extract of coriander leaf protects nigral dopaminergic neurodegeneration after exposure to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). After injection of 6-OHDA into the rat substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), dopaminergic degeneration, which was determined by tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining, was rescued by co-injection of CaEDTA, an extracellular Zn²⁺ chelator, suggesting that extracellular Zn²⁺ influx is involved in neurodegeneration. Both intracellular Zn²⁺ dysregulation determined by ZnAF-2 fluorescence and dopaminergic degeneration in the SNpc induced by 6-OHDA were rescued by co-injection of 0.25% coriander extract, which also reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the SNpc determined by aminophenyl fluorescein fluorescence. The present study suggests that coriander leaf extract protects nigral dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by intracellular Zn²⁺ dysregulation. It is likely that the nutraceutical property of coriander leaf extract contributes to the protection via reducing ROS production.

     

库源比对杂交水稻叶片衰老的影响

在水稻开花期间，通过剪去穗部部分枝梗和叶片等处理,形成不同的源库比，研究其与叶片衰老的关系，结果表明，亚种间杂交水稻赣化7号源库矛盾大，叶片衰老，降低库源比，能明显减缓其叶片中蛋白质，叶绿素含量下降和丙二醛含量的升高，说明杂交水稻叶片早衰与其为源比较大有关。     

Antihyperglycemic,Antioxidant and Antiglycation Activities of Mulberry Leaf Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Chronic Diabetic Rats

In Thailand, beverages containing mulberry leaf (Morus alba L.) are believed to promote good health, especially in people with diabetes. We examined the effects of long-term administration of an ethanolic extract of mulberry leaf (MA) on blood glucose, oxidative damage, and glycation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Daily administration of 1 g/kg MA for six weeks decreased blood glucose by 22%, which was comparable to the effect of 4 U/kg insulin. Lipid peroxidation, measured as malondialdehyde and lipid hydroperoxide concentrations (3.50 ± 0.33 and 3.76 ± 0.18 μM, respectively) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) compared to nontreated control diabetic rats (8.19 ± 0.45 and 7.50 ± 0.46 μM, respectively). Hemoglobin A_1C, a biomarker for chronic exposure to high concentration of glucose, was also significantly decreased in the MA-treated group (6.78 ± 0.30%) in comparison to untreated group (9.02 ± 0.30%). The IC₅₀ of in vitro antiglycation and free radical scavenging activities of MA were 16.4 ± 5.6 μg/ml and 61.7 ± 2.1 μg/ml, respectively. These findings support that long-term administration of MA has antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and antiglycation effects in chronic diabetic rats, which may be beneficial as food supplement for diabetics.     

氮肥运筹对玉米叶片光合速率、比叶重和SPAD值的影响

通过氮肥运筹对雨养条件下春玉米叶片光合速率(Pn)、比叶重(SLW)和SPAD值的变化研究表明,吐丝期追施氮肥有助于提高叶片光合速率,延缓后期光合速率的下降。玉米高密度群体比叶重降低。生育前期氮肥施用比例高的处理,后期SLW下降快;吐丝期氮肥施用比例高的处理,生育后期SLW较其他处理有一定优势,并且在高密度下优势更明显。     

高效叶面肥"三高灵"在大麦上的应用效果

试验表明,用200ml/hm2"三高灵"对水200kg在大麦苗期叶面喷施,能促进大麦麦苗生长,冬前总苗数、成穗数、成穗率等均有所提高;用750ml/hm2"三高灵"对水1 500kg在大麦孕穗期叶面喷施,可促进大麦籽粒灌浆充实,每穗实粒数比对照增加0.3～2.1粒,千粒重增加0.3～1.5g."三高灵"分别在苗期和孕穗期叶面喷施效果最好,大麦单产4 326.2kg/hm2,比喷施"活力素"的常规对照增产455.8kg/hm2,纯收益增加438.5元/hm2,产投比高1.07.     

遮光对野生大豆叶片形态及功能的影响

为明确遮光条件下野生大豆叶片形态及功能的变化趋势,本研究分析了遮光对5个不同采集地野生大豆材料叶片形态、光合特性、叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光特性的影响.结果表明:不同遮光处理下野生大豆叶片形态特征存在差异,遮光处理使叶片大小和叶色值发生改变,遮光率为50％时叶面积和叶色值增加,遮光率继续增加时两个指标降低.遮光后野生大豆光...     

不同供钾水平对茶树幼苗叶片光合作用的影响

以10月龄扦插"瑞香"茶苗[Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Ruixiang]为试验材料,通过沙培试验,设5个K浓度(0、100、200、600、2 000μmol/L),每周施肥3次,处理后24周,利用LI-6400便携式光合作用测定仪进行测定。结果表明,缺钾时茶树叶片CO2同化速率、气孔导度、水分利用率等都显著下降,而胞间CO2浓度显著增加;缺钾条件下茶树生物量、叶片钾含量、叶绿素等都显著下降。当供钾浓度为0、100μmol/L时(叶片钾含量6.63 mg/g、6.85 mg/g),茶树出现缺钾症状。     

高效活性叶面肥在大麦上应用效果研究

戈兰牌高效活性叶面肥是黑龙江省农科院黑河农科所在引进俄罗斯生物表面活化剂的基础上,针对黑龙江省土壤类型特点,研制开发的一种以引进俄罗斯生物表面活化剂为主,以氮、磷、钾、钴、铁和黄腐酸等为辅,添加抗菌素及渗透剂,科学配制而成的农业高科技产品。为探讨其在大麦上应用效果,作者采用喷施宝为参考对照,清水为对照,进行了深入研究。现将试验结果总结如下。1试验材料与方法1·1试验地概况供试土质为草甸暗棕壤,耕层含有机质4·9%,全磷0·1%,全氮0·2%,水解氮5mg/100g土,速效磷3·5mg/100g土,PH值6·4,属中等肥力土壤。1·2试验处理及…