Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Achyranthes ferruginea

Chloroform extract (CE) of Achyranthes ferruginea and N-trans-feruloyl-4-methyldopamine (1) showed remarkable antimicrobial activities against a wide range of bacteria and fungi. Both crude extract (CE) and compound 1 showed significant cytotoxicity of LC(50) at 16.21 microg/ml and 11.70 microg/ml, respectively.     

吲哚乙酸处理桉树插条后氧化酶活性及同工酶变化与生根关系的比较研究

尾叶桉MLA无性系（简称MLA）为难生根植物，尾叶桉U6无性系（简称U6）和刚果12号桉W5无性系（简称W5）为易生根植物。MLA的插条内的POD、IAAO活性较U6、W5的高、而PPO活性比U6、W5的低，用IAA处理桉树的插条后，在扦插生根的不同阶段，插条内的POD、PPO、IAAO活性呈现规律性的变化，蛋白质含量呈上升趋势。POD、PPO同工酶谱带也随生根的进程出现增多现象。本文讲座了3种氧化酶与桉树插条生根的关系。     

2种桉树插穗内酚酸类物及相关酶活性比较

以扦插生根困难的邓恩桉和易生根的尾巨桉无性系U9为研究对象,分别从受试材料中酚酸类物质及相关酶活性进行了研究。结果表明：邓恩桉和U9插条提取液酸度及主要酸类物质的种类相近,而邓恩桉插条提取液中酚类物质含量及过氧化物酶（POD）活性明显偏高,吲哚乙酸氧化酶（IAAO）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性偏低。通过GC-MS分析,U9提取液中同时存在具有抑制和促进作用的酚类物质,而邓恩桉提取液中仅存在具有抑制作用的一元酚。初步认为,酸类物质对邓恩桉插条生根的抑制作用不明显,而酚类物质中的一元酚对邓恩桉插条生根可能具有一定的抑制作用,且IAAO、POD及PPO活性对邓恩桉插穗生根影响较大。     

A cytotoxic 4α-methyl steroid from the aerial parts of Cimicifuga foetida L

A new 4α-methyl sterol, cimisterol A (1), together with five known compounds (2-6), were isolated from the aerial parts of Cimicifuga foetida L. The new compound's structure was determined with the help of extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Compound 1 exhibited broad-spectrum and potent cytotoxic activities against human HL-60, Jurkat, K562, U937, HepG-2, and SGC-7091 cell lines, with IC(50) values of 7.23, 2.89, 6.88, 3.38, 4.21, and 4.89 μM, respectively. Compound 3 showed moderate to weak activities to all cell lines, except for SGC-7091, having IC(50) values ranging from 13.37 to 17.72 μM. This is the first time a cytotoxic 4α-methyl sterol constituent was discovered from Cimicifuga spp.     

Intercropping sorghum with nitrogen fixing trees in semiarid India

The influence of three nitrogen fixing tree (NFT) species viz., Faidherbia albida, Acacia ferruginea, Albizia lebbeck and four nitrogen levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg N ha−1) on intercropped rainfed sorghum was investigated at Hyderabad, India. The trees were established in shallow alfisols during 1985 with a spacing of 4 × 4 m. Intercropping was done in 1993 and 1994. The effect of trees on radiation interception, soil moisture, crop growth, yield components and yield of sorghum was examined. Association of tree species reduced grain and dryfodder yields of sorghum to an extent of 12 to 40% compared to sole crop situation. The reduction was maximum under A. lebbeck, minimum with F. albida and moderate under A. ferruginea. Application of 40 kg N ha−1 resulted in increased grain and dryfodder yields over other levels. Crop growth in terms of LAI and drymatter had similar response. The receipt of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was low under NFTs compared to open situation. The relative PAR intercepted under the trees was in the order: F. albida > A. ferruginea > A. lebbeck. Soil moisture status was more favourable under F. albida than under the other tree species. Soil moisture at all stages of crop growth was more in sole crop situation. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Cytotoxic biflavones from Stellera chamaejasme

Bioassay-guided phytochemical studies on Stellera chamaejasme led to the isolation of two new biflavones, chamaejasmenin E (1) and chamaejasmin D (2), together with ten known compounds. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and their absolute configurations on 2, 3, 2″ and 3″ were confirmed by TDDFT quantum chemical calculated ECD spectra combined with experimental ECD spectra. All isolated biflavones were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against Bel-7402 and A549 tumor cell lines, and sikokianin D (3) was found to possess the most potential cytotoxic activities against both the two cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 1.29 ± 0.21 and 0.75 ± 0.25 μM, respectively. Moreover, some structure–function relationships of these bioflavones for cytotoxic activities were explored and summarized.     

Cerebroside and ceramide from the pollen of Brassica napus L.

The new cerebroside 1-O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-(2 S, 3 S, 4R, 8E)-2-[(2′R)-2′-hydroxytetracosenoilamino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol (1) and ceramide (2 S, 3 S, 4R, 8E)-2-[(2′R)-2′-hydroxytetracosenoilamino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol (2) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the pollen of Brassica napus L. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic method. Two new compounds were evaluated for activity in vitro assays for the cytotoxic activities against human tongue squamous carcinoma cell line (Tca8113).     

Steroids with inhibitory activity against the prostate cancer cells and chemical diversity of marine alga Tydemania expeditionis

A new diketosteroid, (E)-stigmasta-24(28)-en-3,6-dione (1), along with three known steroids (2-4) was isolated from marine alga Tydemania expeditionis collected in China Sea. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods. Comparison of the chemical constituents revealed significant diversity among different locations. The biological activities of 1, 3 and 4 were evaluated on the prostate cancer cell lines and androgen receptor. Compound 1 exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against the prostate cancer cells DU145, PC3 and LNCaP with IC(50) values of 31.27±1.50, 40.59±3.10 and 19.80±3.84 μM, respectively. Compound 3 showed more potent activities with IC(50) values of 12.38±2.47, 2.14±0.33 and 1.38±0.07 μM, respectively. However, compound 4 showed only weak inhibitory activities on LNCaP cells and was inactive on DU145 and PC3 cells. A competitive binding assay showed that compound 1 exhibited significant affinity to the androgen receptor with an IC(50) value of 7.19±0.45 μM, while 3 and 4 were inactive. The fact that the inhibitory properties of 1 and 3 against the prostate cancer cells were inconsistent with their affinities to the androgen receptor suggested that there might be other mechanism of action involved in the cytotoxic activity.     

Aboveground Biomass and Nutrients in Young Plantations of Indigenous Trees on Infertile Soils in Costa Rica

Aboveground-tree biomass and nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and potassium) were measured in 4-year-old stands of four indigenous tree species: Stryphnodendron microstachyum Poepp. et Endl. (ex S. excelsum Harms), Vochysia guatemalensis Donn. Smith (ex V. hondurensis Sprague), Vochysia ferruginea Mart and Hyeronima alchorneoides (0), growing on infertile soils in an experimental plantation in the Atlantic humid lowlands of Costa Rica. Biomass and nutrient content among the species, and among aboveground tree parts, forest-floor litter and understory vegetation were compared, as key factors that can be manipulated with different effects on site nutrient conservation. Biomass and stemwood annual increments of the four species were similar to those reported for other tropical tree plantations in the humid tropics. S. microstachyum had the highest accumulation of N in stem, branch and total aboveground tree biomass. V. guatemalensis had the highest accumulation of Ca and Mg in the biomass, while H. alchorneoides had the highest stem K and P. In spite of heir relatively lower N tissue collcentrations. V. ferruginea and H. alchorneoides showed a high potential for N recycling due to its more even distribution in stems, branches and leaves. Nument accumulation by the understory in S. microstachywn and H. alchorneoides plots was 0.8-7.746 of aboveground see biomass numents. The forest floor litter repsented a major compartment for nutrient accumulation and recycling under the four species, especially for N, Ca, Mg and P.     

Norditerpenoids from Salvia castanea Diels f. pubescens

Three new norditerpenoids, castanol A-C (1-3), along with eighteen known diterpenoids, were isolated from Salvia castanea Diels f. pubescens. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cell lines. The known compounds neo-tanshinlactone (12) and methyltanshinoate (17) exhibited significant cytotoxic activities against some cells.     

New cytotoxic quinolone alkaloids from fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa

Three new quinolone alkaloids, 1-methyl-2-[7-hydroxy-(E)-9-tridecenyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (1), 1-methyl-2-[(Z)-4-nonenyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (2), 1-methyl-2-[(1E,5Z)-1,5-undecadienyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (3) and one new natural product, 1-methyl-2-[(E)-1-undecenyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (4), were isolated from the dried and nearly ripe fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth., along with thirteen known compounds (5-17). In addition, one new artificial product, 1-methyl-2-[7-carbonyl-(E)-9-tridecenyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (1A) was also obtained. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic analyses. The cytotoxic activities of all of the compounds against the human cancer cell lines HL-60, N-87, H-460, and Hep G(2) cells were evaluated by MTT assay. The results showed that these alkaloids inhibited cell proliferation with IC(50) values between 14μM and 22μM.     

雷州半岛浅海沉积砖红壤的微量元素施肥与桉树生长量研究

针对雷州半岛桉树林出现的桉红叶枯梢病,进行施微肥的田间试验。结果表明单施硼对刚果12号W 5无性系和U6无性系有明显的防治效果;硼与铜、铁、锰、锌等配施效果明显好于单施硼;桉树不同树种对微量元素营养有一定的选择性,硼与铜、锌、铁、锰等配施可使刚果12号W 5大幅增产,而硼与钼配施对尾叶桉U6生长效应显著;施用硼可有效消除雷州半岛桉树的桉红叶枯梢病。     

印度尼西亚木材非法采伐现状分析

印尼森林资源丰富,但非法采伐猖獗。印尼政府为保护剩余的森林资源采取了多方面的措施,以实现森林的可持续经营。文中介绍印尼木材非法采伐的现状和表现形式,分析其产生原因和影响以及应对措施。     

Effects of stem bark and leaf extracts of Bridelia ferruginea on rat bladder smooth muscle

The effects of ethanol extracts of Bridelia ferruginea leaves and stem bark on purinergic neurotransmission in the rat bladder were investigated. The stem bark extract potentiated the contraction of the bladder evoked by exogenous adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) but depressed KCl-induced contractions in a dose-related pattern; these two opposite actions might account for the lack of effect on field stimulation of the bladder purinergic nerves. The leaf extract depressed purinergic nerve-mediated contraction of the rat bladder in a dose-related fashion. This action could be attributed to blockade of purinergic neurotransmission since the leaf extract did not affect KCl-induced contractions.     

难易生根桉树多酚氧化酶、吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性及其同工酶的比较研究

尾叶桉的 ML A无性系 (简称 ML A)是难生根无性系 ,尾叶桉的 U6无性系 (简称 U6)、刚果12号桉 W5无性系 (简称 W5)为易生根无性系。MLA各器官的多酚氧化酶 (PPO)活性比 U6、W5的低 ,而 ML A各器官的吲哚乙酸氧化酶 (IAAO)活性比 U6、W5的高。各树种的 PPO活性、IAAO活性及 PPO同工酶均具有器官的特异性。讨论了 PPO和 IAAO与不定根的发生和发展的关系     

红平菇木质素降解酶系统漆酶、锰过氧化物酶及木质素过氧化物酶的检测

木材白腐菌在分解木质素的过程中会产生非特异性的分解木质素结构的酶系统,这些酶系统主要包括细胞外过氧化物酶[锰过氧化物酶(manganese peroxidase,MnP)、木质素过氧化物酶(lignin peroxidase,LiP)]和细胞外酚氧化酶[漆酶(laccase)].因此,在生物修复方面,白腐菌能够有效地降解废水和土壤中难被降解的多氯联苯、多环芳烃、DDT、染料、炸药和其他氯化物、叠氮化合物等.     

不同生长素处理对桉树无性系插条氧化酶活性影响的比较研究

尾叶桉MLA无性系 (简称MLA)是扦插难生根无性系 ,尾叶桉U6 无性系 (简称U6 )和刚果 12号桉W5无性系 (简称W5)是相对易生根无性系。分别用吲哚乙酸 (IAA)、吲哚丁酸 (IBA)、萘乙酸 (NAA)处理MLA、U6 和W5插条后 ,各无性系插条体内的过氧化物酶 (POD)、多酚氧化酶 (PPO)、吲哚乙酸氧化酶 (IAAO)活性呈现规律性的升高。在生根过程的不同时期 ,各酶的活性差异极显著 ,表明桉树插条的不定根发生和发展与POD、PPO、IAAO活性有密切联系。而IAA、IBA、NAA对不同无性系和不同的氧化酶活性的促进效果也有显著差异。讨论了生长素促进桉树插条氧化酶活性和不定根发生与发展的机理     

Evaluation of antirotavirus activity of flavonoids

Flavonoids are dietary components and the most ubiquitous phenolic compounds found in nature, showing a range of pharmacological activities including antiviral action. This study describes the antiviral screening of 60 different flavones and flavonols against human rotavirus (Wa-1 strain) as well as their cytotoxicity in MA104 cells. Cytotoxicity was investigated by cell morphology assessment and antirotavirus activity by cytopathic effect inhibition. Results were expressed as CC₅₀ and IC₅₀, respectively, in order to calculate the selectivity index (SI = CC₅₀/IC₅₀) of each compound. Structure–activity relationships (SAR) were proposed based on antirotavirus activity.     

印度尼西亚森林警察打击非法采伐的执法对策及存在问题分析

木材生产国的森林警察在打击非法采伐方面起到了十分重要的作用。文中首先简要介绍印度尼西亚的森林警察制度,以Gunung Palung国家公园和吉打邦为例总结森林警察面对非法采伐的执法对策,对其抑制非法采伐的效果进行分析,指出印度尼西亚现行森林警察制度在打击非法采伐方面存在的问题主要包括执法权限受限、地方分权造成地方政府对于林地管理部门的忽视以及经济奖励制度存在缺陷。     

Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Laportea crenulata

Crude extracts and 2alpha,3beta,21beta,24beta,28-pentahydroxy-olean-12-ene (1) obtained from the root of Laportea crenulata exhibited remarkable antibacterial activities against both Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria. The antifungal activities of crude extracts and compound (1) were also determined. The cytotoxic activities of crude extracts and compound (1) were observed by brine shrimp bioassay and LC(50) value of the compound (1) was found to be 27.54 microg/ml.