蓝莓苗木繁育技术

1 扦插繁殖 扦插繁殖是蓝莓育苗的主要方法，分为硬枝扦插和绿枝扦插两类。 1．1硬枝扦插 也称休眠枝扦插。在早春芽萌动前（3月份），剪取2年生发育充实、生长健壮、无病虫害的枝条，放在-1-4．5℃条件下贮藏。4月份从枝条顶部开始30-75cm之间剪取10cm长，插条通常留3～5个芽，垂直插入浇透水的扦插基质（腐殖酸土、蛭石或腐苔藓等）。插条粗度以6～10mm为宜，插条细发根容易，但根发育较弱；插条过粗，发根困难。     

香椿扦插繁殖的研究

以红香椿的根条和枝条为试材 ,采用正交试验设计进行扦插繁殖育苗试验 ,结果表明 :香椿根条扦插优于枝条扦插 ,长插穗扦插效果优于短插穗 ;两种插条生根部位有所不同 ,枝插条是愈伤组织生根 ,根插条则以皮部型生根为主 ,少部分为愈伤组织生根。根条和枝条扦插繁殖可用于香椿大规模育苗生产 ,采用直径 0 .5cm以上的根和直径 0 .8cm以上的枝 ,于 3月底扦插 ,剪截长度分别为 8cm、12cm ,扦插前插条下端用HL4 3生根剂分别处理 15～ 2 0s(秒 )、5s(秒 ) ,插于沙床 ,生根率达 94 .3%。     

花木繁殖二法

（一）罗汉松的扦插繁殖 罗汉松繁殖有播种、扦插、嫁接等,家养以扦插较为常见。 江苏如东地区一般3-4月和霉雨季节为宜。前者为去年老枝扦插,后者应以当年的嫩枝扦插。选择植株生长健壮无病虫害的枝条,取约6—10厘米左右作为插条。     

扦插花木如何才能快生根

注意选枝。花木的花后枝含养分量最高,而且比较粗壮饱满,扦插成活率高,成活后发根长叶也比较快。选取扦插枝条以早上为好。在新枝与老枝连接处的节位2～3厘米处剪下,即为带踵插条,特别适用于山茶花、桂花和无花果的扦插繁殖。     

葡萄硬枝扦插繁殖技术

扦插繁殖法,分枝插法和根插法。枝插法又分硬枝扦插和绿枝扦插。影响葡萄硬枝扦插繁殖的因素主要有插条的种类、温度、湿度、光照、扦插技术。     

花卉扦插繁殖技术

正扦插又称插条、插枝,是利用植物营养器官的再生能力,切取根、茎、叶的一部分插入基质中,使其生根或发芽,培育成为独立新植株的繁殖方法。扦插繁殖可在短时间内育成多数较大的幼苗,并能保持原有品种特性,培养的植株比播种苗生长快、开花时间早,但扦插苗无主根,根系常较播种苗弱,常为浅根。不易产生种子的花卉多采用此种繁殖方法。1扦插种类及方法1.1枝插利用植物的枝条作为繁殖材料。1.1.1硬枝扦插。多用于园林树木育苗,选用1~2年生     

硬枝插条特征对软枣猕猴桃生根的影响

硬枝插条特征对软枣猕猴桃生根的影响软枣猕猴桃具有潜在的商品价值，通常采用硬枝扦插繁殖，但生根程度差别悬殊。本文探讨了硬枝插条特征对其生根的影响，以期提高其生根率。试验于１９９１年在美国亚拉巴马学院的果园进行，硬枝插条取自１３个品种和优系，插条长度和直...     

桃树扦插快速繁育方法

桃树枝条扦插法 ,能大批量育出幼苗 ,成活率达80 %以上 ,这样解决了传统的育苗嫁接模式 ,既省工、省力 ,又缩短了结果周期 ,是具有推广价值的新方法。1　插条处理　硬枝扦插或嫩枝扦插枝条必须生长健壮 ,充实。硬枝扦插时间以春季为主 ,插条按 2 0ｃｍ左右斜剪 ,为防止病害侵染和促进生根 ,插条下端最好用杀菌剂 5 0 %多菌灵 6 0 0～ 12 0 0倍液 ,用吲哚丁酸75 0～ 4 5 0 0ｍｇ/Ｌ 快速蘸进行扦插 ,株行距4ｃｍ× 30ｃｍ ,扦插深度为插条长度的 2 / 3为宜。嫩枝扦插保留桃树枝条上部 2～ 4叶片 ,下部少微带有木质化最好 ,时间为 5～ 7月均可…     

从选种到开花——三角梅栽培技术(五)

三角梅的扦插繁殖技术 插穗的选取 除了不宜选用过细枝、不成熟枝、徒长枝、荫蔽枝外，其它壮实的枝条不管粗细均可用作三角梅的扦插枝，粗枝成型快，发根迟，细枝较易发根。大规模扦插的枝条一般选两年或多年生已木质化或半木质化表皮呈灰褐色的健壮、外层向阳的越冬枝条作为扦插枝，枝条粗度宜为0．8cm～1．5cm。用锋利枝剪将其剪成约10cm-15cm带3～4节的短枝，     

如何促成扦插花木快生根

扦插也叫无性繁殖 ,遗传性极强。为了提高扦插的成活率 ,现将一些经济简便促使快生根的方法介绍如下 :1　取枝宜早晨取枝条以早上为好。早上的花木经一夜调整 ,其枝条含水量充足 ,所取的枝条扦插后伤口易愈合、易生根 ,成活率比其它时间所取的枝条要高。2　选花后枝花木的花后枝 ,其含养分量最高 ,而且比较粗壮饱满 ,扦插成活后发芽长叶较快。3　带踵扦插在新枝和老枝相接处的下部 2～ 3cm处剪下 ,即为带踵插条 ,插条长度一般取 1 0～ 1 2cm ,新、老枝节间养分多 ,组织紧密 ,发根容易 ,成活率高 ,幼苗长势强。适于山茶、桂花、无花果等。4　…     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。