Modeling grassland net primary productivity and water-use efficiency along an elevational gradient of the Northern Tianshan Mountains

Mountainous ecosystems are considered highly sensitive and vulnerable to natural disasters and climatic changes.Therefore,quantifying the effects of elevation on grassland productivity to understand ecosystem-climate interactions is vital for mountainous ecosystems.Water-use efficiency(WUE)provides a useful index for understanding the metabolism of terrestrial ecosystems as well as for evaluating the degradation of grasslands.This paper explored net primary productivity(NPP)and WUE in grasslands along an elevational gradient ranging from 400 to 3,400 m asl in the northern Tianshan Mountains-southern Junggar Basin(TMJB),Xinjiang of China,using the Biome-BGC model.The results showed that:1)the NPP increased by 0.05 g C/(m2·a)with every increase of 1-m elevation,reached the maximum at the mid-high elevation(1,600 m asl),and then decreased by 0.06 g C/(m2·a)per 1-m increase in elevation;2)the grassland NPP was positively correlated with temperature in alpine meadow(AM,2,700-3,500 m asl),mid-mountain forest meadow(MMFM,1,650-2,700 m asl)and low-mountain dry grassland(LMDG,650-1,650 m asl),while positive correlations were found between NPP and annual precipitation in plain desert grassland(PDG,lower than 650 m asl);3)an increase(from 0.08 to 1.09 g C/(m2·a))in mean NPP for the grassland in TMJB under a real climate change scenario was observed from 1959 to 2009;and 4)remarkable differences in WUE were found among different elevations.In general,WUE increased with decreasing elevation,because water availability is lower at lower elevations;however,at elevations lower than 540 m asl,we did observe a decreasing trend of WUE with decreasing elevation,which may be due to the sharp changes in canopy cover over this gradient.Our research suggests that the NPP simulated by Biome-BGC is consistent with field data,and the modeling provides an opportunity to further evaluate interactions between environmental factors and ecosystem productivity.     

Understanding the impact of mountain landscapes on water balance in the upper Heihe River watershed in northwestern China

Estimating the impact of mountain landscape on hydrology or water balance is essential for the sustainable development strategies of water resources.Specifically,understanding how the change of each landscape influences hydrological components will greatly improve the predictability of hydrological responses to mountain landscape changes and thus can help the government make sounder decisions.In the paper,we used the VIC(Variable Infiltration Capacity)model to conduct hydrological modeling in the upper Heihe River watershed,along with a frozen-soil module and a glacier melting module to improve the simulation.The improved model performed satisfactorily.We concluded that there are differences in the runoff generation of mountain landscape both in space and time.About 50% of the total runoff at the catchment outlet were generated in mid-mountain zone(2,900-4,000 m asl),and water was mainly consumed in low mountain region(1,700-2,900 m asl)because of the higher requirements of trees and grasses.The runoff coefficient was 0.37 in the upper Heihe River watershed.Barren landscape produced the largest runoff yields(52.46% of the total runoff)in the upper Heihe River watershed,followed by grassland(34.15%),shrub(9.02%),glacier(3.57%),and forest(0.49%).In order to simulate the impact of landscape change on hydrological components,three landscape change scenarios were designed in the study.Scenario 1,2 and 3 were to convert all shady slope landscapes at 2,000-3,300 m,2,000-3,700 m,and 2,000-4,000 m asl respectively to forest lands,with forest coverage rate increased to 12.4%,28.5% and 42.0%,respectively.The runoff at the catchment outlet correspondingly declined by 3.5%,13.1% and 24.2% under the three scenarios.The forest landscape is very important in water conservation as it reduced the flood peak and increased the base flow.The mountains as "water towers" play important roles in water resources generation and the impact of mountain landscapes on hydrology is significant.     

Vegetation dynamics and its response to climate change in Central Asia

The plant ecosystems are particularly sensitive to climate change in arid and semi-arid regions. However, the responses of vegetation dynamics to climate change in Central Asia are still unclear. In this study, we used the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) data to analyze the spatial-temporal changes of vegetation and the correlation of vegetation and climatic variables over the period of 1982–2012 in Central Asia by using the empirical orthogonal function and least square methods. The results showed that the annual NDVI in Central Asia experienced a weak increasing trend overall during the study period. Specifically, the annual NDVI showed a significant increasing trend between1982 and 1994, and exhibited a decreasing trend since 1994. The regions where the annual NDVI decreased were mainly distributed in western Central Asia, which may be caused by the decreased precipitation. The NDVI exhibited a larger increasing trend in spring than in the other three seasons. In mountainous areas, the NDVI had a significant increasing trend at the annual and seasonal scales; further, the largest increasing trend of NDVI mainly appeared in the middle mountain belt(1,700–2,650 m asl). The annual NDVI was positively correlated with annual precipitation in Central Asia, and there was a weak negative correlation between annual NDVI and temperature. Moreover, a one-month time lag was found in the response of NDVI to temperature from June to September in Central Asia during 1982–2012.     

Soil quality of semi-arid conservation reserve program lands in Eastern New Mexico

A study was conducted to evaluate selected soil quality indicators in lands that have been in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), which is a federal program in the United States offering annual rental payments and cost-share assistance to farmers who establish long-term vegetation covers on their erosion prone lands. The study site has semi-arid climate, and soils with grass vegetation covers for 15 years were compared with adjacent cultivated croplands that have never been in the CRP. Field measurements were performed and surface soil samples (0–0.15 m) were collected from multiple sites having either coarse textured or fine textured soils. Soil measurements assessed included bulk density (BD), penetration resistance (PR), wet aggregate stability (WAS), dry aggregate size distribution (DASD), soil organic matter (SOM), permanganate oxidizable carbon, nitrate nitrogen, extractable potassium and phosphorus, electrical conductivity, pH, sodium adsorption ratio, and soil micronutrients (copper, iron, manganese, and zinc). Results showed a significant effect of CRP management compared to the cropped fields for BD, WAS, and PR only, with the CRP fields being less compacted and having higher WAS than the cropped lands. CRP land did not significantly differ from cropped lands in SOM and for many other measurements. The effect of soil texture was significant for DASD, SOM, copper, and manganese, with the fine textured soils having more favorable measurements than the coarse textured soils. CRP management did not produce significant increase in topsoil SOM compared to cropped lands of the study area.     

A spatial-explicit dynamic vegetation model that couples carbon,water,and nitrogen processes for arid and semiarid ecosystems

Arid and semiarid ecosystems,or dryland,are important to global biogeochemical cycles.Dryland's community structure and vegetation dynamics as well as biogeochemical cycles are sensitive to changes in climate and atmospheric composition.Vegetation dynamic models has been applied in global change studies,but the complex interactions among the carbon(C),water,and nitrogen(N) cycles have not been adequately addressed in the current models.In this study,a process-based vegetation dynamic model was developed to study the responses of dryland ecosystems to environmental changes,emphasizing on the interactions among the C,water,and N processes.To address the interactions between the C and water processes,it not only considers the effects of annual precipitation on vegetation distribution and soil moisture on organic matter(SOM) decomposition,but also explicitly models root competition for water and the water compensation processes.To address the interactions between C and N processes,it models the soil inorganic mater processes,such as N mineralization/immobilization,denitrification/nitrification,and N leaching,as well as the root competition for soil N.The model was parameterized for major plant functional types and evaluated against field observations.     

Variation in soil organic matter accumulation and metabolic activity along an elevation gradient in the Santa Rosa Mountains of Southern California,USA

Variations in soil organic matter accumulation across an elevation can be used to explain the control of substrate supply and variability on soil metabolic activity. We investigated geographic changes in soil organic matter and metabolic rates along an elevation gradient(289–2,489 m) in the Santa Rosa Mountains, California, USA from subalpine and montane pine forests through chaparral to desert. From base(289 m) to summit(2,489 m), 24 sites were established for collecting soil samples under canopies and inter-canopy spaces, at 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depths increments. Soil organic matter(SOM) content was determined using weight loss on ignition at 550°C and soil CO2 efflux(R) was measured at day 5(R5) and day 20(R20) of incubation. Changes in SOM content along the elevation gradient showed a significant relationship(P0.05) but R5 and R20 were not related to either elevation or SOM content. However, the ratio of R and SOM(R5/SOM) showed a strong relationship across the mountains at both soil depths. R5/SOM, as an indicator of carbon use efficiency, may be applicable to other semi-arid transects at larger scale modeling of soil metabolic processes.     

Natural vegetation restoration of Liaodong oak (Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.) forests rapidly increased the content and ratio of inert carbon in soil macroaggregates

The lack of clarity of how natural vegetation restoration influences soil organic carbon (SOC) content and SOC components in soil aggregate fractions limits the understanding of SOC sequestration and turnover in forest ecosystems. The aim of this study was to explore how natural vegetation restoration affects the SOC content and ratio of SOC components in soil macroaggregates (>250 μm), microaggregates (53-250 μm), and silt and clay (<53 μm) fractions in 30-, 60-, 90- and 120-year-old Liaodong oak (Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.) forests, Shaanxi, China in 2015. And the associated effects of biomasses of leaf litter and different sizes of roots (0-0.5, 0.5-1.0, 1.0-2.0 and >2.0 mm diameter) on SOC components were studied too. Results showed that the contents of high activated carbon (HAC), activated carbon (AC) and inert carbon (IC) in the macroaggregates, microaggregates and silt and clay fractions increased with restoration ages. Moreover, IC content in the microaggregates in topsoil (0-20 cm) rapidly increased; peaking in the 90-year-old restored forest, and was 5.74 times higher than AC content. In deep soil (20-80 cm), IC content was 3.58 times that of AC content. Biomasses of 0.5-1.0 mm diameter roots and leaf litter affected the content of aggregate fractions in topsoil, while the biomass of >2.0 mm diameter roots affected the content of aggregate fractions in deep soil. Across the soil profiles, macroaggregates had the highest capacity for HAC sequestration. The effects of restoration ages on soil aggregate fractions and SOC content were less in deep soil than in topsoil. In conclusion, natural vegetation restoration of Liaodong oak forests improved the contents of SOC, especially IC within topsoil and deep soil. The influence of IC on aggregate stability was greater than the other SOC components, and the aggregate stability was significantly affected by the biomasses of litter, 0.5-1.0 mm diameter roots in topsoil and >2.0 mm diameter roots in deep soil. Natural vegetation restoration of Liaodong oak forests promoted SOC sequestration by soil macroaggregates.     

气候变化对东北黑土冻融作用与冻融侵蚀发生的影响分析

文中对气候变化与东北黑土冻融作用及冻融侵蚀发生的影响关系进行了分析,探讨黑土冻融作用发生的气候环境,以及气候环境变化对黑土冻融作用的影响问题。结果表明:东北黑土区年平均气温的波动上升十分显著,而降水呈波动下降趋势。在气温和降水变化的情况下,东北黑土冻结层和融化层的深度趋于减小,发生冻融作用的程度趋于减小。在空间变化上,黑土区由北到南冻结层和融化层的深度逐渐减小,发生冻融作用的程度也逐渐减小;土壤有迟冻结,早融化的趋势;初春(3月)温度的上升,冬季降雪量的增加,使春季解冻期融雪侵蚀有加剧的可能。     

Characteristics of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen under various grassland types along a transect in a mountain-basin system in Xinjiang,China

Soil organic carbon(SOC) and soil total nitrogen(STN) in arid regions are important components of global C and the N cycles, and their response to climate change will have important implications for both ecosystem processes and global climate feedbacks. Grassland ecosystems of Funyun County in the southern foot of the Altay Mountains are characterized by complex topography, suggesting large variability in the spatial distribution of SOC and STN. However, there has been little investigation of SOC and STN on grasslands in arid regions with a mountain-basin structure. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics of SOC and STN in different grassland types in a mountain-basin system at the southern foot of the Altai Mountains, north of the Junggar Basin in China, and explored their potential influencing factors and relationships with meteorological factors and soil properties. We found that the concentrations and storages of SOC and STN varied significantly with grassland type, and showed a decreasing trend along a decreasing elevation gradient in alpine meadow, mountain meadow, temperate typical steppe, temperate steppe desert, and temperate steppe desert. In addition, the SOC and STN concentrations decreased with depth, except in the temperate desert steppe. According to Pearson's correlation values and redundancy analysis, the mean annual precipitation, soil moisture content and soil available N concentration were significantly positively correlated with the SOC and STN concentrations. In contrast, the mean annual temperature, p H, and soil bulk density were significantly and negatively correlated with the SOC and STN concentrations. The mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature were the primary factors related to the SOC and STN concentrations. The distributions of the SOC and STN concentrations were highly regulated by the elevation-induced differences in meteorological factors. Mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature together explained 97.85% and 98.38% of the overall variations in the SOC and STN concentrations, respectively, at soil depth of 0–40 cm, with precipitation making the greatest contribution. Our results provide a basis for estimating and predicting SOC and STN concentrations in grasslands in arid regions with a mountain-basin structure.     

Fluxes of methane,carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide in an alpine wetland and an alpine grassland of the Tianshan Mountains,China

Methane(CH4), carbon dioxide(CO2) and nitrous oxide(N2O) are known to be major greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. To identify the flux dynamics of these greenhouse gases is, therefore, of great significance. In this paper, we conducted a comparative study on an alpine grassland and alpine wetland at the Bayinbuluk Grassland Eco-system Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences. By using opaque, static, manual stainless steel chambers and gas chromatography, we measured the fluxes of CH4, N2O and CO2 from the grassland and wetland through an in situ monitoring study from May 2010 to October 2012. The mean flux rates of CH4, N2O and CO2 for the experimental alpine wetland in the growing season(from May to October) were estimated at 322.4 μg/(m2?h), 16.7 μg/(m2?h) and 76.7 mg/(m2?h), respectively; and the values for the alpine grassland were –88.2 μg/(m2?h), 12.7 μg/(m2?h), 57.3 mg/(m2?h), respectively. The gas fluxes showed large seasonal and annual variations, suggesting weak fluxes in the non-growing season. The relationships between these gas fluxes and environmental factors were analyzed for the two alpine ecosystems. The results showed that air temperature, precipitation, soil temperature and soil moisture can greatly influence the fluxes of CH4, N2O and CO2, but the alpine grassland and alpine wetland showed different feedback mechanisms under the same climate and environmental conditions.     

Reconstructing the annual precipitation variation since 1899 based on tree-ring width in the western Hedong sandy land of Ningxia

Based on the analysis of the correlation between the tree-ring width of Pinus tabulaeformis and the climate factors in the western Hedong sandy land of Ningxia, a conversion equation between the annual precipitation and the tree-ring width since 1899 was reconstructed. The results of cross verification indicated that the conversion equation is stable and the reconstructed results are reliable. The result of reconstructed annual precipitation showed the remarkable fluctuation of precipitation and dry-to-wet variation before the 1940s. The smaller fluctuation and high frequent changes of precipitation occurred during the period of 1940s-1980s and after the 1980s the change trend of the precipitation became high periodic extent and low frequent. The study found that there were some coincidences with the climate change in Changling Mountains, Helan Mountains and the east of Qilian Mountains. The relatively dry periods in the beginning of 20th century, 1920s to 1930s, the end of the 20th century and 2004 to 2006 in the western Hedong sandy land of Ningxia accelerated the desertification, while the relatively humid period during the periods of the 1910s-1920s, 1930s-1940s and 1990s is favorable to prevent and control the desertification, and to weaken the climate warming and drying. The periods of annual precipitation variation in the western Hedong sandy land of Ningxia since 1899 are approximately 2-4 years, 5-7 years and 10 years.     

Effects of irrigation on precipitation in the arid regions of Xinjiang,China

Soil moisture is an important parameter for the interaction between soil and atmosphere.It is the second important factor that influences climate change,next to sea surface temperature(SST).Most previous studies focused on the monsoon regions in East China,and only a few laid emphases on arid environments.In Xinjiang, which is located in Northwest China,the climate is typically arid and semi-arid.During the past 20 years,the precipitation in Xinjiang has shown a significant increasing trend,and it is closely related to oasis irrigation.This paper aims at discussing whether abnormal soil moisture in spring can be the signal to forecast summer precipitation.The effects of abnormal soil moisture due to farm irrigation in spring in arid environments on regional climate are investigated by using a regional climate model(RegCM3).The results indicate that positive soil moisture anomaly in irrigated cropland surface in May led to an increase in precipitation in spring as well as across the whole summer. The impact could last for about four months.The effects of soil moisture on the surface air temperature showed a time-lagging trend.The summer air temperature declined by a maximum amplitude of 0.8oC.The increased soil moisture could enhance evaporation and ascending motion in the low troposphere,which brought in more precipitation.The soil moisture affected regional weather and climate mainly by altering the surface sensible and latent heat fluxes.     

新疆博格达山北麓气候变化分析

利用博格达山北麓6个气象站35年来的降水量及气温记录,对季、年的水热组合状况及其变化进行统计分析,探讨气温、降水在垂直方向上的变化特征。得到的基本结论为:①从变化趋势看,35年来基本以暖湿气候为主,也有暖干和冷湿气候出现;②该区气候垂直变化特征显著,20世纪90年代以来(1991-2006年)与前20年(1971-1990年)相比,平原绿洲区的增温(湿)幅度大于海拔较高的山区,且不论在哪个高度上,冬季增湿幅度均大于夏季;③气温垂直变化率因季节而异,冬季出现明显逆温现象;降水垂直梯度季节差异显著。     

Effects of soil nutrients and climate factors on belowground biomass in an alpine meadow in the source region of the Yangtze-Yellow rivers,Tibetan Plateau of China

Improving our knowledge of the effects of environmental factors(e.g.soil conditions,precipitation and temperature) on belowground biomass in an alpine grassland is essential for understanding the consequences of carbon storage in this biome.The object of this study is to investigate the relative importance of soil nutrients and climate factors on belowground biomass in an alpine meadow in the source region of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers,Tibetan Plateau.Soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorous(TP) contents and belowground biomass were measured at 22 sampling sites across an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau.We analyzed the data by using the redundancy analysis to determine the main environmental factors affecting the belowground biomass and the contribution of each factor.The results showed that SOC,TN and TP were the main factors that influenced belowground biomass,and the contribution of SOC,TN and TP on biomass was in the range of 47.87%–72.06% at soil depths of 0–30 cm.Moreover,the combined contribution of annual mean temperature(AMT) and mean annual precipitation(MAP) on belowground biomass ranged from 0.92% to 4.10%.A potential mechanism for the differences in belowground biomass was caused by the variations in soil nitrogen and phosphorous,which were coupled with SOC.A significant correlation was observed between MAP and soil nutrients(SOC,TN and TP) at the soil depth of 0–10 cm(P0.05).We concluded that precipitation is an important driving force in regulating ecosystem functioning as reflected in variations of soil nutrients(SOC,TN and TP) and dynamics of belowground biomass in alpine grassland ecosystems.     

新疆叶尔羌河源流区气候暖湿化与径流的响应研究

应用卡群水文站和塔什库尔干气象站1961-2006年的观测资料,分析了叶尔羌河流域源区气温和降水的变化特征以及径流对气候变化的响应。结果表明:近46 a来叶尔羌河源区气温总体呈上升趋势,而降水量呈增加的趋势;对气温与降水序列进行统计检验,得出该地区气温增加的趋势显著,降水增加的趋势不显著,气温的增加趋势大于降水。气温是叶尔羌河源区径流量变化的主要影响因素,夏季平均气温与年径流量的相关系数最大,为0.81。与新疆地区其他河流不同的是,7-8月降水量与年径流量呈负相关的关系,相关系数为-0.57;在降水量不变的情况下,径流量随气温升高而增加;在气温不变的情况下,径流量随降水量的增加而减少。     

毛乌素沙地典型地形断面土壤水分动态

基于毛乌素沙地的野外观测资料,对毛乌素沙地典型地形断面土壤水分动态进行分析。结果表明,土壤水分季节变化可划分为土壤水积聚期、消耗期和稳定期;根据土壤水分垂直变化可把土壤剖面划分为土壤水分易变层、利用层和调节层;沿着坡度减小的方向,各地形断面对应层次的土壤水分含量逐渐升高,丘间地土壤水分含量明显高于该断面上其余各点。     

天山北坡天山云杉的种群结构特征和空间分布格局

从径级结构、静态生命表、存活曲线和个体空间分布格局等方面研究新疆天山北坡天山云杉的种群结构特征与空间分布规律。研究结果表明:1)种群年龄结构中幼苗幼树(Ⅰ级)比例最大(82.11%),中树(Ⅲ-Ⅵ级)和大树(Ⅶ-Ⅹ级)比例次之,小树(Ⅱ级)比例最小(0.26%)的规律;2)种群死亡率在Ⅰ径级最高(99.70%),随着径级的增加,死亡率呈现"高-低-高"模式,种群生命期望呈现"低-高-低"的模式;3)天山云杉种群的存活曲线接近于DeeveyⅢ型,即Ⅰ径级存活指数最高(6.91),Ⅱ径级(1.16)急剧下降,Ⅱ-Ⅴ径级逐渐上升,随后逐渐下降;4)种群格局随取样尺度由25-400m2增加,聚集强度逐渐降低,其中,在取样规模为25和150m2尺度上聚集分布强度较大;5)随着种群年龄增加,分布格局由聚集型向随机型过渡,聚集强度减弱。幼苗幼树在取样规模为25和150m2尺度上聚集分布强度较大;中树在50m2和150m2尺度上较大;而小树和大树聚集强度不受取样面积影响。因此,天山北坡的天山云杉天然林应适当间伐以促进更新,种群更新的最适林隙面积为25m2。     

Spatial distribution of Agriophyllum squarrosum Moq.(Chenopodiaceae) in the straw checkerboards at a revegetated land of the Tengger Desert,northern China

The present study focuses on straw checkerboards established in the Shapotou Desert Research and Experimental Station at the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert and their effects on the species richness and the abundance of Agriophyllum squarrosu Moq. Specifically, detailed analyses on the spatial distribution of A. squarrosum and the related soil properties were carried out at a small scale in the straw checkerboards. A. squarrosum is an excellent pioneer plant for revegetation in desert areas. However, the distribution pattern of A. squarrosum and the influencing factors have not been sufficiently delineated. The results showed that the species richness and the abundance of A. squarrosum were decreased exponentially from the border to the center of the straw checkerboards. At the micro-geomorphological scale, the soil texture, soil organic matter(SOM), soil nutrients(nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), and soil infiltration rate in the topsoil tended to increase from the center to the border within a straw checkerboard, while soil moisture presented an opposite tendency. The soil seed bank of A. squarrosum, soil bulk density, electrical conductivity, sand content, Ca CO3 accumulation, and p H showed no significant difference(P0.05) between the border and the center of the straw checkerboards. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the abundance of A. squarrosum was mainly determined by the concentrations of SOM, nitrogen, and the infiltration rate, implying that nutrient acclimation was the optimal competitive strategy of A. squarrosum for surviving in a barren natural environment of an arid desert region.     

Responses of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) seedlings to nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium†

The growth response to fertilizer under different soil texture (light clayey soil and composite soil consisting of the light clayey soil and sand), and the timing of N fertilization (early summer and fall fertilization) were determined for annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds., var. Penncross) in glasshouse experiments. At the three‐leaf stage, both plant species were treated with 30, 100, 300, 1,000, 3000 or 10 000 p.p.m. (w/v) of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O equivalent to ammonium sulfate (N), calcium superphosphate (P) and potassium chloride (K). Three weeks after fertilization, the dry weight of shoots or roots was measured. Both plant species were more sensitive to N than to P or K; however, creeping bentgrass required a higher rate of N (1000 p.p.m.) for maximum shoot and root growth than did the weed (300 p.p.m., N). Shoot growth of both plant species was strongly affected by the timing of N fertilization and soil texture; their shoot responses to N increased in the order: composite soil > light clayey soil, and early summer N fertilization > fall N fertilization, and this tendency was especially marked for creeping bentgrass. These results suggest that the response of annual bluegrass to fertilizer is similar to that of creeping bentgrass; however, the two plants are different in regard to the N requirement or their relationship between response to N and application timing and/or soil texture.     

新疆民丰县农田土壤微量营养元素含量及分布

基于新疆民丰县85组农田表层土壤样品中的6种微量营养元素(Fe、B、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mo)的实测含量,运用地统计学方法对研究区土壤中微量营养元素的含量及空间分布进行分析。结果表明:Cu、Fe、Mn元素的块金系数在25%~75%,为中等程度的空间自相关性,空间变异同时受到自然因素和人为因素的影响;土壤B、Zn、Mo元素的块金系数小于25%,具有强烈程度的空间自相关性,空间变异受到影响的因素主要有成土母质、气候等自然条件。Fe、B、Zn元素的平均含量处于较缺乏水平,Mn、Cu元素的平均含量处于中等水平,Mo元素的平均含量处于较丰富水平。研究区土壤中6种微量元素之间存在一定程度的相关性。土壤有机质和pH对土壤微量营养元素含量均有不同程度的影响。