水稻精确定量栽培集成技术研究与示范

水稻高产、优质、高效、安全生产和生态环境的保护与改善、水稻品种潜力的充分发挥、不同的水稻栽培制度和方式、现代稻米产业化等都需要精确定量栽培。邳州市2008年～2009年,通过水稻精确定量栽培集成技术的示范与研究,实现水稻增产超过25%,并介绍了选择高产优质高抗品种、培育适龄壮秧、合理稀植、采取精确施肥、科学水浆管理、病虫草无害化防治、实行秸秆还田与清洁栽培等水稻精确定量栽培配套技术。     

沿黄地区优质粳稻高产示范总结

河南沿黄地区进行了优良品种与精确定量栽培技术的试验研究与高产示范,示范结果表明:优良品种与精确定量栽培技术的有机结合是创造当地水稻产量新纪录的关键。从选用优质高产品种、稀播壮秧、合理密植、定量施肥、科学灌溉、防治病虫害几方面介绍了该示范的主要技术措施。     

冈优825作烟后稻精确定量栽培技术指标确定与示范应用

结合2009年在福建省浦城县烟后稻田开展的水稻精确定量栽培技术示范和简比试验,以冈优825目标产量9.75 t/hm2的精确定量设计与实践为例,初步探明其作烟后稻的精确定量栽培技术指标,并进行了示范应用。     

重庆水稻精确定量高产栽培示范研究及技术推广建议

概述了重庆水稻生产现状,设计了重庆水稻高产栽培的目标产量,回顾了2009-2014年重庆水稻精确定量高产栽培的实践,分析了高产示范方的产量结构、品种特性和密、肥、水措施,提出了水稻精确定量栽培技术在重庆的推广建议。     

水稻精确定量栽培技术在广西北流的应用研究

为了验证水稻精确定量栽培技术的增产效果,2010年晚造在广西北流市新圩镇河村以Y两优1号为试验品种进行了水稻精确定量栽培技术试验.结果表明:在水稻栽培中采用精确定量栽培技术平均单产干谷达8.22 t/hm2,比空白区(不施农家肥,不施氮肥,其它肥料相同)增产80.92％,比面上大田常规栽培增产24.82％.证明了水稻精确定量栽培技术是科学的、可行的,在生产中应用该项技术能充分发挥水稻的增产潜力,应扩大推广应用.     

水稻精确定量栽培技术的实践与分析

在运用水稻精确定量栽培技术指导手插秧和机插秧高产栽培实践中,通过对品种适宜性选择、增盘稀播育壮秧、控制多效唑使用量、提高整地质量、改进基蘖肥运筹方法等措施的优化与改进,提高了精确定量栽培技术的运用效果,并归纳出精确定量栽培技术在江苏省金湖县水稻高产栽培中的部分技术指标。     

水稻高产技术的新发展——精确定量栽培

新世纪水稻栽培科学的发展目标已经由追求高产的单一目标,发展成为追求高产、优质、高效、生态、安全综合目标。面对这一新的目标,水稻栽培科学要有新的发展,要有大的作为,必须走精确定量的路子。水稻精确定量栽培包括两个方面,一是高产优质群体生长发展动态指标的精确定量,二是栽培技术措施的精确定量。前者包括以水稻叶龄模式为代表的作物生育进程(器官建成和产量因素形成)的定量化,和以水稻群体质量指标体系为代表的高产(高光效)群体空间形态、生理指标的定量化。后者包括播期、壮秧(苗)、基本苗、施肥和管水的精确定量。多年来,作者等对此进行了探索,取得了明显的成果,展现了较好的前景。更为重要的是,在此基础上作者等基本明确了建立水稻精确定量栽培技术的方法体系。在江苏推行水稻精确定量栽培无论从可行性和必要性看,都势在必行。从江苏的实际来看,江苏的水稻精确定量栽培应该以单产650～700kg／667m^2为目标来设计。本文根据精确定量栽培的指导思想和作者等近年来的研究成果,初步提出了在江苏实现这一目标的精确定量栽培的指标体系,并提出来了通过选用主体品种、抉择主流技术、开展主导培训,把水稻精确定量栽培的普及推广落到实处。     

滨海稻区稻作技术的发展与展望

以盘锦滨海盐碱稻区水稻生产发展为主线,介绍了盐碱地改良、水稻品种更新、栽培技术改进等方面的发展历程与水稻高标准条田建设、耐盐高产优质水稻品种推广及与品种配套的水稻精确定量栽培、水稻机械化栽培、水稻病虫草害综合防治等技术应用方面所取得的成就。阐明了发展集约型稻作、环保安全型稻作、复合型稻作是提高水稻产量与经济效益、增加农民收入、确保粮食安全、满足人们物质生活需求的有效措施。     

超级早稻中早22机插精确定量栽培单产超600kg/667m^2技术

中早22是中国水稻研究所育成的长江中下游地区的首个超级常规早稻品种。通过2008～2010年3年中早22机插精确定量栽培的试验攻关和示范印证,总结完善了中早22机插精确定量栽培单产超600 kg/667 m2的配套技术体系。     

水稻精确定量栽培技术在云南坝区应用前景展望

水稻精确定量栽培技术2006年被引入云南保山,在保山市隆阳区试验示范两年,取得了“成穗率提高、N肥利用率提高、单位面积产量提高”三大突破,并节约生产成本,显著提高当地水稻种植效益,达到高产、优质、高效、生态、安全之目的。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.