刚察县实施"无鼠害示范区"项目调查

刚察县在2001～2003年实施了“无鼠害示范区“项目,通过项目的实施天然草地的生态环境得到了明显改善,草原鼠害得到了有效控制,草地植被得到恢复,产草量明显增加,为刚察县畜牧业可持续发展打下了良好的基础.     

草原鼠害的防治

泉吉是海北刚察县八大牧区之一,草原总面积584.22万hm2,可利用面积达437.9万hm2。近年来鼠害发生严重,造成了巨大的经济损失,对生态环境和水土保持也造成了一定的破坏,加剧了草原退化和沙化。所以对草原鼠害加以防治,逐步恢复草原,保护生态环境有着重大意义。     

我国天然草原鼠害分析及其防控

我国天然草原高原鼠兔、高原鼢鼠、大沙鼠、长爪沙鼠等鼠害呈偏重发生态势,对我国畜牧业生产和草原生态环境造成严重破坏,对农牧民的生产和生活构成严重威胁。在简要介绍近年来我国草原鼠害危害情况及防控工作的基础上,分析了当前草原鼠害防控工作中存在的主要问题,并提出了针对性的防控建议。     

高原草场鼠害的防治对策

以青海省海南州三江源保护区高原草场为例,探究了当地鼠害的特点、草场发生鼠害的症状、鼠害防治方法及加强鼠害防治的措施等,旨在为当地鼠害防治工作提供借鉴.     

青海省互助县退耕还林草地高原鼢鼠危害及防治对策

阐述了互助县退耕地高原鼢鼠鼠害发生现状及成因,对今后退耕地高原鼢鼠如何防治提出了对策,旨在引起全社会对退耕地高原鼢鼠危害引起重视.     

高原鼢鼠的最适生境及其活动规律研究与防治策略

通过多年实地调查,总结出了高原鼢鼠在甘南地区的最适生境特点,以及通过对高原鼢鼠活动规律的研究,提出高原鼢鼠防治的时机、方法和机理,用以指导鼠害的防治。     

石渠县高原鼠兔宜生区划分初探

通过分析区域内草原植被与生态环境状况,划分出草原鼠害的适生范围,是草原鼠害监测的新方法。本文以石渠县高原鼠兔为例,结合地面调查数据和3S技术,通过对草原类型、海拔高度、坡度、坡向、植被指数等5个影响因子与高原鼠兔分布的相关性分析,计算出石渠县高原鼠兔宜生指数、宜生区分布及其分布图。结果显示:宜生区与实际发生区基本吻合,草原技术推广部门勾绘的高原鼠兔分布区与宜生区重叠率57. 9%;经计算,石渠县高原鼠兔宜生区面积1041885. 0hm~2,比统计面积少17. 1%;本文提供了一种可以通过计算获取高原鼠兔分布区域和面积的方法,可用于草原鼠害的监测工作中。     

四川草原鼠害防治情况分析

<正>鼠害是四川草原最为严重的生物灾害之一,种类多,分布广。草原鼠类啃食牧草、掘土造丘,加剧了草原退化、沙化和水土流失,影响了草原生态环境保护建设、民族地区的社会稳定和草原畜牧业的健康发展。四川草原鼠种主要有高原鼠兔、藏鼠兔、高原鼢鼠、高山姬鼠等。近10年来全省草原鼠害危害面积在4500～4600万亩(1亩=667平方米,下同)之间,处于高发状态。1存在的问题1.1鼠害严重,防治难度高四川省草原鼠害广     

果洛地区高原鼠兔繁殖特性种群数量和对天然草地的危害

在果洛州3县5个样点2000—2004年的实验和调查结果表明:果洛地区鼠害区高原鼠兔5年的平均密度达908只/hm2,属极严重的鼠害区;高原鼠兔的性别比并非1∶1,5年的性别比平均为1.25∶1,高原鼠兔每年只怀孕一次,在5年的调查研究中没发现高原鼠兔有第二次的怀胎情况。     

若尔盖县草原鼠害综合防治成效与思考

若尔盖县草原鼠害严重,长期高密度危害,加剧草场退化、沙化、水土流失,对牧民的生产、生活带来了严重影响。连续2年采取以生物防控为主的综合防治措施进行大规模防治,并形成全民参与的工作机制,取得了显著的防治效果。监测结果显示,草原鼠害活动和密度呈显著下降趋势,与2015年相比,高原鼠兔、高原鼢鼠平均密度下降41. 01%、27. 24%;草原综合植被盖度较防治前提高了3%～5%,每667m~2鲜草产量提高了约80kg。本文追踪调查后提出进一步做好草原鼠害防治工作的建议。     

鼠类对玛多县草地表层土壤的影响及沙漠化作用

本文通过野外调查、室内试验分析方法研究了鼠类对玛多县草地表层土壤的破坏及沙漠化作用。结果表明,鼠兔挖掘洞穴,破坏草皮层,将下伏沙砾、土壤推于地表。在鼠害严重的地方,覆盖面积占草地面积的7.47%~16.41%,达到了轻度沙漠化水平。鼠洞洞口塌陷形成风蚀浅坑,风蚀浅坑不断发展,相互贯通,最终发展成"秃斑"和"黑土滩",是草地沙漠化形成的因素之一。     

Porcine pleuropneumonia in Australian pigs due to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 5

Book reviewed in this article: Guide to the Dissection of Domestic Ruminants . RE Habel Biology and Medicine of Rabbits and Rodents . JE Harkness and JF Wagner     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Guide to the Dissection of Domestic Ruminants . RE Habel
Biology and Medicine of Rabbits and Rodents . JE Harkness and JF Wagner     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Atlas of Equine Endoscopy: Slovis, NM, Mosby, St Louis
Diseases of Small Domestic Rodents. 2nd edn. Richardson VCG. Blackwell Science     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Blood Coagulation and its Disorders in the Dog By D. E. Hall. Common Parasites of Laboratory Rodents and Lagomorphs By D. Owen,     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Ferrets, Rabbits and Rodents, Clinical Medicine & Surgery, EV Hillyer and KE Quensenberry, WB Saunders Co Distributed by Harcourt Brace
Your Ideal Dog, D Weston and R Weston
Handbook of Behaviour Problems of the Dog and Cat, G Landsberg, W Hunthausen and L Ackerman, Butterworth Heinemann
Veterinary Entomology, R Wall and D Shearer, Chapman and Hall
Pathology of the Pig A Diagnostic Guide, edited by LD Sims and JRW Glastonbury, Pig Research and Development Corp     

Common rodent procedures.

Rodents are commonly owned exotic animal pets that may be seen by veterinary practitioners. Although most owners presenting their animals do care about their pets, they may not be aware of the diagnostic possibilities and challenges that can be offered by rodents to the veterinarian. Understanding clinical anatomy, proper hand-ling technique, realistic management of emergency presentations,correct and feasible diagnostic sampling, anesthesia, and humane euthanasia procedures is important to enhancing the doctor-client-patient relationship, especially when financial constraints may be imposed by the owner.     

Epizootiological study of tick-borne encephalitis virus infection in Japan

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a zoonotic agent causing severe encephalitis in humans. Rodent species that are potential hosts for TBEV are widely distributed in various regions in Japan. In this study, we carried out large-scale epizootiological surveys in rodents from various areas of Japan. A total of 931 rodent and insectivore sera were collected from field surveys. Rodents seropositive for TBEV were found in Shimane Prefecture in Honshu and in several areas of Hokkaido Prefecture. These results emphasize the need for further epizootiological and epidemiological research of TBEV and preventive measures for emerging tick-borne encephalitis in Japan.     

Effects of insect infestation on rodent‐mediated dispersal of Quercus aliena: results from field and enclosure experiments

Rodents influence plant establishment and regeneration by functioning as both seed predators and dispersers. However, these rodent–plant interactions can vary significantly due to various environmental conditions and the activity of other insect seed predators. Here, we use a combination of both field and enclosure (i.e. individual cage and semi‐natural enclosure) experiments, to determine whether rodents can distinguish sound seeds from those infested with insects. We also demonstrate how such responses to insects are influenced by food abundance and other environmental factors. We presented rodents with 2 kinds of Quercus aliena seeds (sound and insect‐infested seeds) in a subtropical forest in the Qinling Mountains, central China, from September to November of 2011 to 2013. The results showed that rodents preferred to hoard and eat sound seeds than infested seeds in the field and semi‐natural enclosure, while they preferred to eat infested seeds over sound seeds in the individual cages. In addition, both hoarding and eating decisions were influenced by food abundance. Rodents hoarded more sound seeds in years of high food abundance while they consumed more acorns in years of food shortage. Compared with field results, rodents reduced scatter‐hoarding behavior in semi‐natural enclosures and ate more insect‐infested seeds in smaller individual cages. These results further confirm that rodents distinguish infested seeds from non‐infested seeds but demonstrate that this behavior varies with conditions (i.e. environment and food abundance). We suggest that such interactions will influence the dispersal and natural regeneration of seeds as well as predation rates on insect larvae.     

Baited vaccines: A strategy to mitigate rodent‐borne viral zoonoses in humans

Rodents serve as the natural reservoir and vector for a variety of pathogens, some of which are responsible for severe and life‐threatening disease in humans. Despite the significant impact in humans many of these viruses, including Old and New World hantaviruses as well as Arenaviruses, most have no specific vaccine or therapeutic to treat or prevent human infection. The recent success of wildlife vaccines to mitigate rabies in animal populations offers interesting insight into the use of similar strategies for other zoonotic agents of human disease. In this review, we discuss the notion of using baited vaccines as a means to interrupt the transmission of viral pathogens between rodent reservoirs and to susceptible human hosts.