对推进丹江口市农机化科技跨越式发展的探讨

2012年的中央一号文件《关于加快推进农业科技创新持续增强农产品保障能力的若干意见》,首次全面部署农业科技,并把农业科技摆上更加突出的位置。文件要求"大幅度增加农业科技投入,推动农业科技跨越式发展,为农业增产、农民增收、农村繁荣注入强劲动力"。农机科技作为农业科技的重要组成部分和推进农业科技发展的重头戏,必须要率先发展。当前,我市农机化科技正     

浅析民营科技企业发展过程中存在的问题

民营企业是市场经济最重要的市场主体,民营科技企业又是民营企业发展的代表,剖析民营科技企业发展中遇到的主要问题,找到促进民营科技企业持续、快速发展的对策,实现民营科技企业“二次创业”,为国民经济发展服务.     

科学创新形势下区域农业经济发展方式的转变

文章通过分析科技对墨江县农业经济发展方式转变的影响及农业经济发展过程中存在的科技障碍,提出通过完善科技创新体制和科技创新平台,确定农业科技创新重点、培育科技创新人才、科技创新推广和成果转化体系等是实现农业经济发展方式转化的有效途径。     

现代农业科技创新探索与实践——以南京市为例

农业现代化关键在科技进步和创新,为进一步探明农业科技创新发展方向,以南京市现代农业科技发展为例,从支撑绿色发展能力、科技创新体系建设、推广服务能力等3方面总结南京市"十三五"期间取得的成效,分析现代农业科技创新与转化推广存在的问题与不足,提出走高效绿色智能生态、高端农业科产融合、合作共赢协同、人才振兴支撑乡村振兴、科技创新生态硅谷等发展道路,为"十四五"南京市农业农村现代化发展提供政策参考。     

金融科技赋能农业高质量发展研究

随着人工智能、大数据、云计算、物联网和区块链等金融科技技术的迅猛发展,中国金融行业正经历一场前所未有的变革,如何运用金融科技赋能农业经济高质量发展具有重要的意义。在交易方面,金融科技可以防范风险、提升效率、降低成本;在融资方面,金融科技可以解决涉农企业融资难问题;在消费方面,金融科技可以推动农村个人消费金融发展;在产业方面,金融科技可以助力农村产业转型升级。金融科技赋能农业经济高质量发展的举措可以从构建金融科技产业新格局、完善金融科技监管体系、加强复合型金融科技人才培养、纾解农机融资困境等层面着手。     

以科技创新引领农业高质量发展

农业作为国民经济的基础和关系国家安全的战略性产业,要实现高质量发展,必须依靠科技创新。科技创新有利于农业突破发展瓶颈、拓展发展空间、提高发展效益。按照农业农村部对司局级领导干部联系基层的工作部署,调查组赴湖北荆门屈家岭管理区就科技创新助推农业高质量发展开展专题调研。通过对屈家岭管理区以科技创新引领现代农业发展的案例研究,为更好的提升农业高质量发展提供经验和借鉴。     

浅谈农业科技对农业机械化发展的作用

改革开放以来，随着农业现代化的推进发展，农业科学技术的创新与应用已经成为实现农业增产、农民增收和农村经济快速发展的重要举措，农业科技在农业生产中起着主导决定作用，农业科技的发展需要农业机械与之相匹配，农业机械的发展又必须与农业科技相适应，发展农业机械化是实施农业科技创新与应用的有效载体，反过来又可以促进农业科技的发展。因此，我们必须正确认识农业科技对农业机械化发展的作用与关系，依靠农业科技发展农业机械化。     

发展民生科技的技术现实性与社会现实性

民生科技将民生问题与科技联系起来,旨在用科技解决人民最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题,让科技成果惠及最广大的人民群众.民生科技的发展使民生与科技互动发展,不仅对我国全面建设社会主义有重要意义,其本身也具有很强的现实性.     

科技创新赋能农村生态文明建设

创新是科技发展的内在动力,日益成为新旧动能转换、社会高质量发展的关键要素。在推进生态文明建设过程中,面临着全球环境挑战和社会主义现代化建设的双重影响,加快以科技创新为核心的全要素生产驱动生态化发展成为有效破解之道。科技创新是建设农村生态文明的内在要求,是发展农村绿色生产力的必然选择,是增进农民价值认同的有效途径。为持续推进农村生态文明建设,应坚持高质量发展原则、生命共同体原则、可持续发展原则,以新发展理念为引领、以生态科技人才为支撑、以制度机制创新为保障,构建科技创新的农村生态格局。挖掘科技创新蕴含的生态价值和生态原则,用科技创新破解绿色发展难题,构建科技创新的生态格局,能够为生态文明建设增值赋能,从而打开人与自然和谐发展的新局面,实现美丽中国建设的宏伟蓝图。     

加强农业科技创新 推进现代农业发展

农业科技创新是农业持续稳定发展的根本出路,现代农业的发展需要科技创新的支持,因此解决好农业科技创新过程中存在的问题也就是解决了现代农业的发展。当前农业科技创新过程中存在的问题是：农业科技投入严重不足,科技创新能力弱;科技成果转化进程缓慢;农业科技创新人才短缺,学科结构不合理;农业科技推广体系发展薄弱;农业科技体制改革不到位。基于上述问题,提出了农业科技创新的发展路径,力求为农村经济发展提供新的平台,促进农村经济跨越式发展。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。